The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis

Li, You; Qin, Jian; Wei, Xiao; Li, Chunhong; Wang, Jian; Jiang, Meiyu; Liang, Xue; Xia, Tianlong; Zhang, Zhiyong

doi:10.3390/ijerph13030296

Open AccessArticle

The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis

by

You Li

,

Jian Qin

,

Xiao Wei

,

Chunhong Li

,

Jian Wang

,

Meiyu Jiang

,

Xue Liang

,

Tianlong Xia

and

Zhiyong Zhang

^*

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13(3), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030296

Submission received: 24 November 2015 / Revised: 26 February 2016 / Accepted: 1 March 2016 / Published: 8 March 2016

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lead: Risk Assessment and Health Effects)

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Abstract

Background: To investigate the risk factors of child lead poisoning in China. Methods: A document retrieval was performed using MeSH (Medical subject heading terms) and key words. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the studies, and the pooled odd ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to identify the risk factors. We employed Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 10.0 to analyze the data. Heterogeneity was assessed by both the Chi-square and I² tests, and publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Results: Thirty-four articles reporting 13,587 lead-poisoned children met the inclusion criteria. Unhealthy lifestyle and behaviors, environmental pollution around the home and potential for parents’ occupational exposure to lead were risk factors of child lead poisoning in the pooled analyses. Our assessments yielded no severe publication biases. Conclusions: Seventeen risk factors are associated with child lead poisoning, which can be used to identify high-risk children. Health education and promotion campaigns should be designed in order to minimize or prevent child lead poisoning in China.

Keywords: children; lead poisoning; risk factors; meta-analysis; China

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Qin, J.; Wei, X.; Li, C.; Wang, J.; Jiang, M.; Liang, X.; Xia, T.; Zhang, Z. The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030296

AMA Style

Li Y, Qin J, Wei X, Li C, Wang J, Jiang M, Liang X, Xia T, Zhang Z. The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(3):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030296

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, You, Jian Qin, Xiao Wei, Chunhong Li, Jian Wang, Meiyu Jiang, Xue Liang, Tianlong Xia, and Zhiyong Zhang. 2016. "The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 3: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030296

APA Style

Li, Y., Qin, J., Wei, X., Li, C., Wang, J., Jiang, M., Liang, X., Xia, T., & Zhang, Z. (2016). The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030296

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis

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