Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy and Risk-of-Bias Assessment
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Systematic Review
3.2. Study Quality of RCTs
3.3. Meta-Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Study Design | Study Population | EL Supplement | Dosage | Testosterone (ng/dL) [Mean ± SD] | p Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment Group | Placebo Group | ||||||
Chan et al., 2021 [29] | Double-blind, controlled trial | Healthy (18–30 y) men with no diagnosis of hypogonadism (n = 16) vs. controls (n = 16) | Physta, Biotropics | 600 mg/day for 2 weeks | Pre: 802 ± 160 Post: 924 ± 84 | Pre: 791 ± 150 Post: 769 ± 135 | N/A |
Leitão et al., 2021 [28] | Double-blind RCT | Patients with ADAM, 40–59 y (n = 9) vs. controls (n = 12) | Dry extract | 200 mg up to 6 months | Pre: 278.2 ± 20.5 Post: 400.3 ± 38.9 | Pre: 281.5 ± 17.7 Post: 258.5 ± 33.7 | p < 0.05 |
Patients with ADAM, 40–59 y, with concurrent exercise (n = 9) vs. controls (n = 7) | Pre: 253 ± 20.5 Post: 374.5 ± 38.9 | Pre: 286.7 ± 21.7 Post: 370.8 ± 41.3 | N/A | ||||
Chinnappan et al., 2021 [26] | Double-blind, multicenter RCT | Healthy volunteers: 50–70 y (n = 35) vs. controls (n = 35) | Physta, Biotropics | 100 mg/daily up to 12 weeks | Pre: 187.3 ± 46.4 Post: 203.8 ± 54.6 | Pre: 183.0 ± 37.8 Post: 177.9 ± 43.7 | p < 0.05 |
Healthy volunteers: 50–70 y (n = 35) vs. controls (n = 35) | 200 mg/daily up to 12 weeks | Pre: 200.5 ± 46.4 Post: 225.0 ± 49.8 | Pre: 183.0 ± 37.8 Post: 177.9 ± 43.7 | p < 0.05 | |||
Quin, 2021 [34] | Double-blind RCT | Sedentary males (18–30 y) (n = 8) vs. controls (n = 8) | N/A | 600 mg for 2 weeks | Pre: 871 ± 200 Post: 968 ± 70 | Pre: 863 ± 150 Post: 790 ± 150 | p < 0.05 |
Sedentary males (18–30 y) (n = 11) vs. controls (n = 10) | 600 mg for 8 weeks | Pre: 685 ± 240 Post: not reported | Pre: 725 ± 170 Post: not reported | N/S | |||
Lim, 2017 [33] | Double-blind RCT | Men trained at least 3 times/week, 18–30 y, BMI: 18.5–25.0 (n = 9) vs. controls (n = 11) | Physta, Biotropics | 1.7 mg/kg of body weight for 3 days | Pre: 0.63 mmol/L Post: 0.86 mmol/L | Pre: 0.82 mmol/L Post: 0.59 mmol/L | p < 0.05 |
1.7 mg/kg of body weight for 5 weeks | Pre: 0.63 mmol/L Post: 1.26 mmol/L | Pre: 0.67 mmol/L Post: 0.83 mmol/L | p < 0.05 | ||||
Henkel et al., 2014 [30] | Pre- vs. Post- | Male cyclists (57–72 y), with or without chronic diseases associated with age (n = 13) | Physta, Biotropics | 400 mg for 3 weeks | Pre: 384 ± 79 Post: 409 ± 102 | N/A | N/A |
400 mg for 5 weeks | Pre: 384 ± 79 Post: 442 ± 115 | N/A | N/A | ||||
Tambi et al., 2012 [27] | Pre- vs. Post- | Patients with hypogonadism and LOH (n = 76) | Physta, Biotropics | 200 mg up to 1 month | Pre: 163 ± 43.5 Post: 240 ± 71.2 | N/A | N/A |
Ismail et al., 2012 [31] | Double-blind RCT | Healthy married men, 30–55 y, with or without stable chronic medical illnesses (n = 54) vs. controls (n = 55) | Physta, Biotropics | 300 mg for 12 weeks | Pre: 476 ± 167 Post: 435 to 479 | Pre: 542 ± 133 Post: 522 to 549 | N/S |
George et al., 2013 [32] | Double-blind RCT | Healthy men (n = 21) vs. controls (n = 19) | Physta, Biotropics | 300 mg for 12 weeks | Pre: 458 ± 152.1 Post: 484 ± 165.3 | Pre: 540 ± 177 Post: 542 ± 187 | N/S |
Study | EL Group (n) | CTRL (n) | Tot (n) | SMD | SE | 95% CI | t | p | Random Weight (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies evaluating testosterone levels in men supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia | |||||||||
George et al., 2013 [32] | 21 | 19 | 40 | −0.388 | 0.313 | −1.022 to 0.247 | 15.84 | ||
Chan et al., 2021 [29] | 16 | 16 | 32 | 1.344 | 0.383 | 0.561 to 2.127 | 15.10 | ||
Quin et al., 2021 [34] | 8 | 8 | 16 | 1.438 | 0.537 | 0.287 to 2.589 | 13.33 | ||
Leitão et al., 2021-1 * [28] | 9 | 12 | 21 | 3.783 | 0.721 | 2.274 to 5.292 | 11.16 | ||
Leitão et al., 2021-2 * [28] | 11 | 7 | 18 | 2.983 | 0.678 | 1.546 to 4.419 | 11.66 | ||
Chinnappan et al., 2021-1 * [26] | 35 | 35 | 70 | 0.518 | 0.240 | 0.0382 to 0.998 | 16.50 | ||
Chinnappan et al., 2021-2 * [26] | 35 | 35 | 70 | 0.994 | 0.251 | 0.494 to 1.495 | 16.41 | ||
Total (random effects) | 135 | 132 | 267 | 1.352 | 0.399 | 0.565 to 2.138 | 3.384 | 0.001 | 100.00 |
Q = 47.1472, DF = 6, p < 0.0001, I2 = 87.27% (95% CI 76.06 to 93.24) | |||||||||
Studies evaluating testosterone levels in normal healthy men supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia | |||||||||
George et al., 2013 [32] | 21 | 19 | 40 | −0.388 | 0.313 | −1.022 to 0.247 | 35.39 | ||
Chan et al., 2021 [29] | 16 | 16 | 32 | 1.344 | 0.383 | 0.561 to 2.127 | 34.02 | ||
Quin et al., 2021 [34] | 8 | 8 | 16 | 1.438 | 0.537 | 0.287 to 2.589 | 30.59 | ||
Total (random effects) | 45 | 43 | 88 | 0.760 | 0.654 | −0.540 to 2.060 | 1.162 | 0.249 | 100.00 |
Q = 15.9216, DF = 2, p = 0.0003, I2 = 87.44% (95% CI 64.47 to 95.56) | |||||||||
Studies evaluating testosterone levels in men with hypogonadism supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia | |||||||||
Leitão et al., 2021-1 * [28] | 9 | 12 | 21 | 3.783 | 0.721 | 2.274 to 5.292 | 5.16 | ||
Leitão et al., 2021-2 * [28] | 11 | 7 | 18 | 2.983 | 0.678 | 1.546 to 4.419 | 5.84 | ||
Chinnappan et al., 2021-1 * [26] | 35 | 35 | 70 | 0.518 | 0.240 | 0.0382 to 0.998 | 46.40 | ||
Chinnappan et al., 2021-2 * [26] | 35 | 35 | 70 | 0.994 | 0.251 | 0.494 to 1.495 | 42.60 | ||
Total (random effects) | 90 | 89 | 179 | 1.861 | 0.579 | 0.719 to 3.002 | 3.217 | 0.002 | 100.00 |
Q = 27.4384, DF = 3, p < 0.0001, I2 = 89.07% (95% CI 74.70 to 95.27) |
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Leisegang, K.; Finelli, R.; Sikka, S.C.; Panner Selvam, M.K. Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Medicina 2022, 58, 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081047
Leisegang K, Finelli R, Sikka SC, Panner Selvam MK. Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Medicina. 2022; 58(8):1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081047
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeisegang, Kristian, Renata Finelli, Suresh C. Sikka, and Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam. 2022. "Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials" Medicina 58, no. 8: 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081047