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Pharmaceuticals
Volume 18
Issue 9
10.3390/ph18091288
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Systematic Review

A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions

by
Marwa Alawi
1,
Najihah Mohd Hashim
1,2,3,4,
Noraini Ahmad
2,5,
Syed Mahmood
6,7,8,9,* and
Yi Ge
10,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Centre of the Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
3
Computer Aided-Drug Discovery and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
4
Neuroscience Research Group (NeuRG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
5
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
6
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
7
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
8
Universiti Malaya-Research Centre for Biopharmaceuticals and Advanced Therapeutics (UBAT), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
9
Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
10
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(9), 1288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091288
Submission received: 2 July 2025 / Revised: 18 August 2025 / Accepted: 25 August 2025 / Published: 28 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Applications and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Substances from Plant Origin)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Plant-based phospholipid (PP) liposomes are sustainable, biocompatible, and biodegradable carriers with advantages over synthetic and animal-derived lipids, including lower immunogenic risk and abundant availability from sources such as soy, sunflower, and canola. This systematic review examines their characteristics, innovations, and applications in breast cancer (BCA) therapy. Methods: A total of 43 studies published between 2010 and June 2025 were identified from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on PP composition, drug delivery mechanisms, and therapeutic efficacy in in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical BCA models. Results: Advances include nanotechnology and ligand-targeted systems that improve stability, control drug release, and enhance tumor-specific uptake. PP liposomes co-loaded with chemotherapeutics showed synergistic anticancer effects, increased tumor accumulation, and reduced systemic toxicity. Personalized targeting strategies further improved therapeutic precision and minimized off-target effects. Conclusions: PP liposomes offer an innovative and environmentally sustainable approach for BCA treatment with demonstrated preclinical benefits in efficacy and safety. Translation to clinical practice requires standardized characterization, scalable production, and well-designed trials to confirm safety, dosing, and long-term effectiveness.
Keywords: breast cancer; drug delivery; plant-based phospholipid; liposomes breast cancer; drug delivery; plant-based phospholipid; liposomes

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alawi, M.; Hashim, N.M.; Ahmad, N.; Mahmood, S.; Ge, Y. A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091288

AMA Style

Alawi M, Hashim NM, Ahmad N, Mahmood S, Ge Y. A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions. Pharmaceuticals. 2025; 18(9):1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091288

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alawi, Marwa, Najihah Mohd Hashim, Noraini Ahmad, Syed Mahmood, and Yi Ge. 2025. "A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions" Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 9: 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091288

APA Style

Alawi, M., Hashim, N. M., Ahmad, N., Mahmood, S., & Ge, Y. (2025). A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions. Pharmaceuticals, 18(9), 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091288

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