Automated Directional Measurement System for the Acquisition of Thermal Radiative Measurements of Vegetative Canopies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Original Goniometric Setup
2.2. Improvements
2.2.1. Automated Control
2.2.2. Viewing Angles
2.2.3. Operational calibration
2.3. Sensors
2.4. Fieldsites
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Within-species Differences in Canopy Structure
3.1.1. Grass
3.1.2. Maize
3.2. Inter-species Differences in Canopy Structure
3.3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Accuracy (K) | Spectral Res. (K) | IFOV° | Specifics | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thermal Radiometers | ||||
CIMEL 312-1 | ±0.5 | 0.05 | 10 | 4 Bands |
CIMEL 312-2 | ±0.5 | 0.05 | 10 | 6 Bands |
Everest 3000 | ±0.5 | 0.10 | 20 | broadband |
Thermal Cameras | ||||
Thermal Irisys 1010 | ±0.5 | 0.10 | 20.0 × 20.0 | 16 × 16 pixels |
Thermotracer TH9100 Pro | ±2.0 | 0.06 | 21.7 × 16.4 | 320 × 240 pixels |
Net radiation Optical | Campbell CNR1 |
Net radiation Thermal | Campbell CNR1 |
Wind speed | Campbell A100R |
Wind direction | Campbell W200P |
Pressure | Campbell PTB101B |
Humidity | Campbell HMP45C |
Air temperature | Campbell HMP45C |
Soil temperature | Campbell 107T |
Kinematic temperatures | SEMI 833 ET |
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Timmermans, J.; Ambro Gieske, A.S.M.; Van der Tol, C.; Verhoef, W.; Su, Z. Automated Directional Measurement System for the Acquisition of Thermal Radiative Measurements of Vegetative Canopies. Sensors 2009, 9, 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90301409
Timmermans J, Ambro Gieske ASM, Van der Tol C, Verhoef W, Su Z. Automated Directional Measurement System for the Acquisition of Thermal Radiative Measurements of Vegetative Canopies. Sensors. 2009; 9(3):1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90301409
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimmermans, Joris, A.S.M. Ambro Gieske, Christiaan Van der Tol, Wout Verhoef, and Zhongbo Su. 2009. "Automated Directional Measurement System for the Acquisition of Thermal Radiative Measurements of Vegetative Canopies" Sensors 9, no. 3: 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90301409
APA StyleTimmermans, J., Ambro Gieske, A. S. M., Van der Tol, C., Verhoef, W., & Su, Z. (2009). Automated Directional Measurement System for the Acquisition of Thermal Radiative Measurements of Vegetative Canopies. Sensors, 9(3), 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90301409