Plant Species Recovery on a Compacted Skid Road
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2. Results and Discussion
References and Notes
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Characteristics | Units | 0-5 cm | 5-10 cm |
---|---|---|---|
Sand | (%) | 58.05 | 51.35 |
Silt | (%) | 20.74 | 30.88 |
Clay | (%) | 21.21 | 17.77 |
Soil Acidity | pH | 5.49 | 5.07 |
Electrical Conductivity | (μhos cm-1) | 81.32 | 48.02 |
Fine soil (<2mm) weight | (g cm–3) | 0.763 | 906.55 |
Coarse soil (>2mm) weight | (g cm–3) | 0.137 | 147.15 |
Root mass | (g cm–3) | 2.76 | 2.79 |
Organic Carbon | (%) | 10.20 | 7.32 |
Moisture Equivalent | (%) | 24.37 | 24.44 |
Total Porosity | (%) | 52.72 | 50.22 |
Moisture | (%) | 20.86 | 18.73 |
Compaction | (kg cm-2) | 2.17 | 2.69 |
Bulk Density | (g cm–3) | 0.902 | 1.09 |
N | (%) | 0.358 | 0.198 |
P | (ppm) | 3.83 | 1.08 |
K | (ppm) | 105.41 | 54.72 |
Na | (ppm) | 19.21 | 15.90 |
Ca | (ppm) | 1706.44 | 579.13 |
Mg | (ppm) | 263.52 | 143.85 |
Fe | (ppm) | 1.11 | 0.74 |
Zn | (ppm) | 112.71 | 37.86 |
Cu | (ppm) | 0.86 | 1.19 |
Mn | (ppm) | 250.83 | 188.72 |
The Plant Family | The Scientific Name of the Plant Species | General Site Characteristics | The Cover-Abundance Scale |
---|---|---|---|
CARYOPHYLLACEAE | Stellaria holostea L. | Scrubs, roadsides, damp places. | r |
PRIMULACEAE | Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. vulgaris Huds. | Often damp places in open or shady turfslopes, evergreen or deciduous woodlands, alpine meadows. | r |
LILIACEAE | Smilax aspera L. | Macchie, scrub, ravines, and rocky limestone slopes. | 1 |
BERBERIDACEAE | Epimedium pubigerum (DC.) Moren et Decaisne | Forest clearings | 1 |
LABIATAE | Lamium purpureum L. var. purpureum L. | Oak and fir forests, gravelly banks, fields and waste places. | + |
LILIACEAE | Ruscus hypoglossum L. | Mixed forests, scrubs, ravines, rocky places. | + |
ROSACEAE | Fragaria vesca L. | Moist places, especially in forest. | r |
CYPERACEAE | Carex distachya Desf. var. distachya Desf. | Dry stony slopes, open forests, roadsides | 1 |
GERANIACEAE | Geranium asphodeloides Burm. Fil. subsp. asphodeloides Burm. Fil. | Forests, scrubs, meadows, banks. | + |
COMPOSITAE | Doronicum orientale Hoffm | Shady paces in forests and scrubs.. | r |
LILIACEAE | Ornithogalum wiedemannii Boiss | Woods and forests | r |
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. | In forest clearings, cleared woodland, dunes. | 1 |
BORAGINACEAE | Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don | Fir forests, shady riverbanks, moist ravines. | 1 |
ARALIACEAE | Hedera helix L. | Climbing over trees or creeping on the ground in woods. | 1 |
ROSACEAE | Rubus discolor Weihe et Nees. | Deciduous forests and scrubs, shady banks, coastal plains. | + |
Plant Species | The characteristics and place of disturbed-degraded habitat | References |
---|---|---|
Stellaria holostea L. | under atmospheric nitrogen deposition, N deposited oak forest, Denmark | [25] |
oak dune forest, Denmark | [26] | |
recovered on footpaths that have been closed for access for 6 years, Belgium | [27] | |
under disturbed Q. pyrenaica ecosystems by human intervention, Spain | [28] | |
under wooded landscapes human influented, UK | [29] | |
Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. vulgaris Huds. | restoration of wet grasslands, Germany | [30] |
Smilax aspera L. | undergrowth clearings of the coppice oak forests, Spain | [31] |
disturbed forest areas, potential restoration of natural vegetation, Spain | [32] | |
forest disturbances (grazing and thinning), Spain | [33] | |
Epimedium pubigerum (DC.) Moren et Decaisne | - | - |
Lamium purpureum L. var. purpureum L. | radioactive-contaminated sites around nuclear power plant, Slovak Republic | [34] |
under the Mediterranean dryland conditions, effects of tillage systems, Turkey | [35] | |
man made habitats with irregular disturbances, Czech Republic | [36] | |
Ruscus hypoglossum L. | in a nature park, Croatia | [37] |
Fragaria vesca L. | oak dune forest, Denmark | [26] |
restoration of heathland/moorland, UK | [38] | |
response to cattle grazing in mesic semi-natural grassland, Finland | [39] | |
restoration success in alluvial grasslands under contrasting flooding regimes, Germany | [40] | |
norway spruce forests following clearcutting and shelterwood cutting, Sweden | [41] | |
contaminated soil of uranium waste depot, Czech Republic | [42] | |
Carex distachya Desf. var. distachya Desf. | plant reestablishment 15 years after the debris avalanche, USA- described as Carex sp. | [43] |
restoration of heathland/moorland, UK- described as Carex sp. | [38] | |
forests following clearcutting and shelterwood cutting, Sweden. described as Carex sp. | [41] | |
Geranium asphodeloides Burm. Fil. subsp. asphodeloides Burm. Fil. | around villages in Sakarya province, Turkey | [44] |
Doronicum orientale Hoffm. | on basaltic pyroclastic deposits at different altitudes, Italy | [45] |
on mountainous area (Yunt Mountain), Turkey | [46] | |
Hedera helix L. | recovered on footpaths that have been closed for access for 6 years, Belgium | [27] |
undergrowth clearings of the coppice oak forests, Spain | [31] | |
forest disturbances (grazing and thinning), Spain | [33] | |
pine forest clearings along the French Atlantic sand dunes, France | [47] | |
in reclaimed area contaminated with dioxin, Italy | [48] | |
man made urban habitats, urban-industrial ecosystems, Germany | [49] | |
Rubus discolor Weihe et Nees. | forest disturbances (grazing and thinning), Spain-described as Rubus sp. | [33] |
Ornithogalum wiedemannii Boiss. | - | - |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. | Initial recovery after wildfire and clear cut in Jack pine forest, USA | [50] |
pine forest clearings along the French Atlantic sand dunes, France | [47] | |
under disturbed Q. pyrenaica ecosystems by human intervention, Spain | [28] | |
glades, rides and roads in plantation forests, Ireland | [51] | |
Short-term understory plant community responses to timber-harvesting intensity, USA | [52] | |
Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don | after woody vegetation control treatments (bulldozing and hand-grubbing), Turkey | [53] |
around villages in Sakarya province, Turkey | [44] |
© 2008 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Demir, M.; Makineci, E.; Gungor, B.S. Plant Species Recovery on a Compacted Skid Road. Sensors 2008, 8, 3123-3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053123
Demir M, Makineci E, Gungor BS. Plant Species Recovery on a Compacted Skid Road. Sensors. 2008; 8(5):3123-3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053123
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemir, Murat, Ender Makineci, and Beyza Sat Gungor. 2008. "Plant Species Recovery on a Compacted Skid Road" Sensors 8, no. 5: 3123-3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053123
APA StyleDemir, M., Makineci, E., & Gungor, B. S. (2008). Plant Species Recovery on a Compacted Skid Road. Sensors, 8(5), 3123-3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053123