Design and Deployment of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality and Fish Behavior in Aquaculture Tanks during the Feeding Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Architecture
3.2. Sensors
3.2.1. Water Parameters
3.2.2. Tank Parameters
3.2.3. Feeding Parameters
3.2.4. Other Sensors
3.3. Node
4. Results and Discursion
4.1. Results of the Water Quality Sensors
4.2. Results of the Tank Sensors
4.3. Results of the Fish Behaviour Sensors
4.4. Comparison with Other Systems and Price of the Employed Components
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Paper | [12] | [13] | [14] | [15] | [16] | [17] | [18] | [19] | [20] | [21] | Our Proposal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Communication technology: | ZigBee | ZigBee | ZigBee | N.I. | ZigBee | ZigBee | LR-WPAN | N.I. | ZigBee | N.I. | WiFi |
Applied on: | Tanks | Tank | Tanks | Ponds | Ponds | Tanks | Ponds | N.I. | Tank | Ponds | Tanks |
Considers the location of the sensor? | x | x | |||||||||
Develop their own sensors? | x | ||||||||||
Store information? | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Send alarm? | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
pH | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
Water level | x | x | x | ||||||||
Temperature | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Pressure | x | ||||||||||
Dissolved oxygen | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
Conductivity | x | x | x | x | |||||||
Ammonia | x | ||||||||||
Others | x | ||||||||||
Fish monitoring | x | ||||||||||
Total of monitored parameters | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
Purpose | Item | Unitary Cost (€) | Units | Cost (€) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensors | Water quality | Temperature | NTCLE413E2103F520L | 0.62 | 1 | 0.62 |
Conductivity | - | 0.48 | 1 | 0.48 | ||
Turbidity | TSHG6200 IR LED | 0.75 | 1 | 0.75 | ||
BPW83 IR photodetector | 0.38 | 1 | 0.38 | |||
Oli layer | VLHW4100 White LED | 0.36 | 1 | 0.36 | ||
BPW41N IR photodetector | 0.52 | 1 | 0.52 | |||
Tank | Water level | GP2Y0A02YK0F level sensor | 15.23 | 1 | 15.23 | |
Workers presence | TSHG6200 IR LED | 0.76 | 1 | 0.76 | ||
BPW83 IR photodetector | 0.38 | 1 | 0.38 | |||
Light | NORPS-12 LDR | 1.76 | 1 | 1.76 | ||
Others | Fish presence | NSL 19M51 LDR | 0.55 | 30 | 16.5 | |
Feed falling | Jtron OV7670 300KP VGA | 5.35 | 1 | 5.35 | ||
Humidity | HCZ-D5-A Humidity sensor | 1.45 | 3 | 4.35 | ||
Node | Node | Node compatible with Arduino | 6.7 | 3 | 20.1 | |
Memory system | Micro SD Card reader | 2.19 | 3 | 6.57 | ||
Micro SD Card 4 Gb | 0.82 | 3 | 2.46 | |||
Transmission system | ESP8266 WiFi module | 1.58 | 3 | 4.74 | ||
Multiplexors | CD74HC4067 16-Channel MUX | 0.45 | 2 | 0.90 | ||
74LVC1G3157 Single-Pole Double-Throw Analog Switch | 0.45 | 1 | 0.45 | |||
Other | Resistances | 0.5 | 10 | 5 | ||
Total | 87.66 |
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Parra, L.; Sendra, S.; García, L.; Lloret, J. Design and Deployment of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality and Fish Behavior in Aquaculture Tanks during the Feeding Process. Sensors 2018, 18, 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030750
Parra L, Sendra S, García L, Lloret J. Design and Deployment of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality and Fish Behavior in Aquaculture Tanks during the Feeding Process. Sensors. 2018; 18(3):750. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030750
Chicago/Turabian StyleParra, Lorena, Sandra Sendra, Laura García, and Jaime Lloret. 2018. "Design and Deployment of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality and Fish Behavior in Aquaculture Tanks during the Feeding Process" Sensors 18, no. 3: 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030750