Reversed Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Positioning Utilizing Annular Receivers with Multi-Photodiodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. The Experiment of Measuring Positioning Range
3.2. The Experiment of Receiver’s Circle Radius and Height
3.3. The Measurement of the Positioning Error
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
IPS | indoor positioning system |
VLC | visible light communication |
RSS | received signal strength |
TOA | time of arrival |
TDOA | time difference of arrival |
AOA | angle of arrival |
QAM | quadrature amplitude modulation |
ADC | analog-to-digital conversion |
MCU | microcontroller control unit |
DSP | digital signal processing |
CRC | cyclic redundancy check |
OOK | on-off keying |
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x-Offset (m) | PIN1_Value | PIN2_Value | PIN3_Value | PIN4_Value | Max_Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.05 | 0.7085 | 0.6246 | 0.7261 | 0.7905 | 0.082 |
0.1 | 0.6762 | 0.5431 | 0.6969 | 0.8388 | 0.2957 |
0.15 | 0.4687 | 0.3587 | 0.4232 | 0.9319 | 0.5731 |
0.2 | 0.4208 | 0.2808 | 0.3960 | 1 | 0.7192 |
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Xu, Y.; Zhao, J.; Shi, J.; Chi, N. Reversed Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Positioning Utilizing Annular Receivers with Multi-Photodiodes. Sensors 2016, 16, 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081254
Xu Y, Zhao J, Shi J, Chi N. Reversed Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Positioning Utilizing Annular Receivers with Multi-Photodiodes. Sensors. 2016; 16(8):1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081254
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yinfan, Jiaqi Zhao, Jianyang Shi, and Nan Chi. 2016. "Reversed Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Positioning Utilizing Annular Receivers with Multi-Photodiodes" Sensors 16, no. 8: 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081254
APA StyleXu, Y., Zhao, J., Shi, J., & Chi, N. (2016). Reversed Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Positioning Utilizing Annular Receivers with Multi-Photodiodes. Sensors, 16(8), 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081254