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Article

The Multipartite Mitogenome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 Reveals Frequent Reorganization and Hints at Phylogeographic History

1
Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Tea and Food Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
2
Dabie Mountain Laboratory, College of Tea and Food Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
3
College of Tea and Food Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
Diversity 2025, 17(10), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100705 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 September 2025 / Revised: 9 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 11 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Diversity)

Abstract

Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 is a nationally recognized elite tea cultivar selected from the Xinyang drought-resistant population, valued for its notable cold tolerance and broad adaptability. In this study, we present the first complete assembly and annotation of its mitogenome. The mitogenome features a multipartite structure, consisting of a circular chromosome (798,917 bp) and a linear chromosome (46,159 bp), harboring a total of 74 genes. We identified extensive repetitive sequences (244 simple sequence repeats and 998 long sequence repeats), 211 RNA editing sites, and 16,614 bp of chloroplast-derived DNA, indicating a highly dynamic genome. Positive selection was detected in nad1 and ccmFC. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial SNP markers placed C. sinensis Xinyang10 closest to C. sinensis var. pubilimba. Notably, a phylogeny reconstructed based on mitogenomic collinearity displayed a distinct geographical pattern, supporting the hypothesized westward-to-eastward migration route of tea plants from southwestern China. These findings provide valuable genomic resources and demonstrate the utility of the mitogenome in understanding the evolutionary history of tea plants.
Keywords: C. sinensis cv. Xinyang10; mitogenome; RNA editing; positive selection; phylogenetic analysis C. sinensis cv. Xinyang10; mitogenome; RNA editing; positive selection; phylogenetic analysis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yan, M.-H.; Du, Y.-R.; Tong, W.; Su, J.-M.; Pu, G.-Q.; Yan, L.-M.; Zhu, T.-T.; Wang, W.-W. The Multipartite Mitogenome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 Reveals Frequent Reorganization and Hints at Phylogeographic History. Diversity 2025, 17, 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100705

AMA Style

Yan M-H, Du Y-R, Tong W, Su J-M, Pu G-Q, Yan L-M, Zhu T-T, Wang W-W. The Multipartite Mitogenome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 Reveals Frequent Reorganization and Hints at Phylogeographic History. Diversity. 2025; 17(10):705. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100705

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan, Ming-Hui, Yan-Rong Du, Wei Tong, Jia-Meng Su, Guo-Qing Pu, Lu-Miao Yan, Tong-Tong Zhu, and Wen-Wen Wang. 2025. "The Multipartite Mitogenome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 Reveals Frequent Reorganization and Hints at Phylogeographic History" Diversity 17, no. 10: 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100705

APA Style

Yan, M.-H., Du, Y.-R., Tong, W., Su, J.-M., Pu, G.-Q., Yan, L.-M., Zhu, T.-T., & Wang, W.-W. (2025). The Multipartite Mitogenome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang10 Reveals Frequent Reorganization and Hints at Phylogeographic History. Diversity, 17(10), 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100705

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