A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacologically Active Phyto-Constituents from Hedychium species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phyto-Constituents
2.1.1. Terpenes
2.1.2. Flavonoids
2.1.3. Glycoside
2.1.4. Xanthone
2.1.5. Saponins
2.2. Essential Oil
2.3. Synthesis of Labdane Diterpenes
2.3.1. Synthesis of Hedychenone, Yunnacoronarin A from Larixol
2.3.2. Synthesis of Yunnacoronarin D from Hedychenone
2.3.3. Synthesis of Hedychenone and Hedychilactone-B from a Hindered Diene System
2.3.4. Synthesis of Derivative of Hedychenone
2.3.5. Other Reactions
2.4. Herbal and Traditional Uses of Hedychium species
2.5. Pharmacological Activity of Hedychium species
2.5.1. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effect
Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing Test for Analgesic Effect
Radiant Heat Tail-Flick Method for Analgesic Activity
Carrageenan-Induced Rat Hind Paw Edema Animal Model for Anti-Inflammatory Study
Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Effect
- In Vitro Inhibitory Assay Oof NO Produced in LPS and IFN-g-Stimulated 264.7 Macrophages
Inhibition of NO Production and iNOS Induction in LPS-Activated Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
Inhibition of Acetic Acid-Induced Vascular Permeability in Mice (Anti-Inflammatory)
Inhibition of Released Beta-Hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 Cells In Vitro (Antiallergic)
2.5.2. Antioxidant Activity
2.5.3. Anti-Microbial Activity and Anti-Fungal Activity
Anti-Microbial Activity and Anti-Fungal Activity by Disk Diffusion Method
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Using Agar Diffusion/Disk Diffusion Method
2.5.4. Anthelmintic Property
Caenorhabditis Elegans Mobility Test for Anthelmintic Activity
2.5.5. Anti-Histaminic, Mast Cell-Stabilizing and Bronchodilator Effect
2.5.6. Cytotoxic Activity
Cytotoxic Screening Test
In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study of Hedychenone and Its Analogues
2.5.7. Ameliorating Potential
2.5.8. Hepatoprotective Effect
Hepatoprotective Effect on D-GalN-Induced Cytotoxicity in Primary Cultured Mouse Hepatocytes
- Compounds showing hepatoprotective effect through inhibition of D-GalN-induced cytotoxicity: Coronarins B, Coronarins C, Coronarins D, 15-Hydroxylabda-8(17), 11,13-trien-16,15-olide, 16-Formyllabda-8(17),12-dien-15,11-olide, and Ferullic acid.
- Compounds showing anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of lPs-induced NO production: Hedychenoids A, Hedychenoids B, Hedychenone, Forrestin A, Villosin, Hedychilactone A, Hedychilactone B, Hedychilctone C, Coronarin D, Coronarin D methyl ether, Coronarine E, Labda-8(17), 13(14)-dien-15,16-olide, Hedychenone, 7-Hydroxihedychenone, (+)-Nerolidol, Hedychiol A, and Hedychiol B 8,9-diacetate.
- Compounds showing anti-allergic effect through inhibition of TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity: Coronarin G, Coronarin H, Coronarin I, Coronarin D, Coronarin D methyl ether, Hedyforrestin C, (E)-Nerolidol, β-Sitosterol, Daucosterol, and Stigmasterol.
2.5.9. In Vitro Pediculicidal Activity
2.5.10. Hair-Growth Promotion Activity
2.5.11. CNS Depressant Activity of Hedychium Spectrum Extract on Rats
2.6. Medicinal/Therapeutic Uses of Herbal Compositions
2.6.1. Antimicrobial Composition
2.6.2. Skin Protective Composition
Inhibition of UV-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-(MMP)
Prevention of Smoke-Induced Loss of Thiols in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production
2.6.3. Compositions Used to Darkenthe Skin
Induced Pigmentation in Human Cell Culture
Induced Pigmentation In Vivo
Darkening of Human Skin
2.6.4. Synergistic Antipyretic Formulation
2.6.5. Altering the Perception of Malodor
2.6.6. Composition Containing Active Sunscreen Agent
2.6.7. Composition Treating Tenia Infection
2.6.8. Anti-TNF Alpha Activity of Hedychium Spicatum Extract and Lead Molecule
2.6.9. Ointment Cream Formulation and Its In vitro Anti-Dermatophytic Activity
2.6.10. Antidiabetic Activity of Extract and Composition Used to Reduce Blood Glucose Level
2.6.11. Anti-Inflammatory Composition in Cream
2.6.12. Uses in Cracked Heels
2.6.13. Therapeutic Effect of Composition of Plant Extract of Hedychium Coronarium Root for Treatment of the Human Body
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Chemical Structure | Phytoconstituents and Their Derivatives | Chemical Nature | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Hedychenone | Furanoid diterpene | [9] |
2. | 11,12-Dihyrohedychenone | Furanoid diterpene | [9] |
3. | 7-Hydroxyhedychenone | Furanoid diterpene | [10] |
4. | 7-Acetoxyhedychenone | Furanoid diterpene | [10] |
5. | 9-Hydroxyhedychenone | Furanoid diterpene | [11] |
6. | Hedychanone | Furanoid diterpene (semi-synthetic) | [9] |
7. | 11,12-Dihydrohedychanone | Furanoid diterpene (semi-synthetic) | [9] |
8. | Dihydro-7-hydroxyhedychenone | Furanoid diterpene (semi- synthetic) | [10] |
9. | 7-hydroxyhedychanone | Furanoid diterpene (semi-synthetic) | [10] |
10. | β- Furaldehyde | Furanoid diterpene (semi-synthetic) | [9] |
11. | Hedyforrestin B | Labdane diterpene | [12,13] |
12. | Hedyforrestine C | Labdane diterpene | [13] |
13. | Hedylongnoid A | Labdane diterpene | [13] |
14. | Hedylongnoid B | Labdane diterpene | [13] |
15. | Hedylongnoid C | Labdane diterpene | [13] |
16. | Yunnacoronarin A | Labdane diterpene | [11,12,13] |
17. | Coronarin D | Labdane diterpene | [14,15,16] |
18. | Coronarin D methyl ether | Labdane diterpene | [17] |
19. | Coronarin D ethyl ether | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
20. | Coronarin B | Labdane diterpene | [15,18] |
21. | Coronarin D acetate | Labdane diterpene | [15] |
22. | Isocoronarin D | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
23. | (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-olide | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
24. | Coronarin D C-15 epimer | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
25. | Coronarin D methyl ether-C-15 epimer | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
26. | Coronarin D ethyl ether-C-15 epimer | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
27. | Isocoronarin D-C-14 epimer | Labdane diterpene | [18] |
28. | Ethoxycoronarin D | Labdane diterpene | [19] |
29. | Methoxy coronarin D | Labdane diterpene | [19] |
30. | Hedychiumin | Labdane diterpene | [20] |
31. | Calcaratarin A | Labdane diterpene | [20] |
32. | Coronarin A | Labdane diterpene | [12,20] |
33. | Hedychilactone A | Labdane diterpene | [17] |
34. | Hedychilactone B | Labdane diterpene | [11,17,21] |
35. | Hedychilactone C | Labdane diterpene | [11,17] |
36. | Hedychilactone D | Labdane diterpene | [11] |
37. | Yunnacoranarin B | Labdane diterpene | [12] |
38. | Coronarin E | Labdane diterpene | [12] |
39. | 18-Spicatanol | Labdane diterpene | [22] |
40. | 7-Hydroxy hydichinal | Labdane diterpene | [23] |
41. | Spicatanol methyl ether | Labdane diterpene | [22] |
42. | 8(12)-Drimene | Labdane diterpene | [23] |
43. | Yunnacoranarin-D | Labdane diterpene | [23] |
44. | Hedychin D | Labdane diterpene | [24] |
45. | Spicatanoic acid | Labdane diterpene | [23] |
46. | Coronadiene | Labdane-type trinorditerpene | [25] |
47. | Chrysin | Flavonoid | [11] |
48. | Teptochrysin | Flavonoid | [11] |
49. | Myricetin | Flavonoid | [26] |
50. | Quercetin | Flavonoid | [26] |
51. | Hedychin C | Diterpenoid | [24] |
52. | Villosin | Diterpenoid | [12] |
53. | Lupeol | Triterpenoid | [10] |
54. | 3-(2-Hydroxyethoxy) xanthone | Xanthone | [27] |
55. | 1-Hydroxyxanthone | Biogenic xanthone | [27] |
56. | Salicylic acid | Plant metabolite/hormone | [27] |
57. | Syringetin-3-rhamnoside | Glycoside | [26] |
58. | Coronalactosides I | Labdane-type diterpene glycosides | [25] |
59. | Coronalactosides II | Labdane-type diterpene glycosides | [25] |
60. | 4-Methoxy ethyl cinnamate | Phenolic compound | [23] |
61. | Ethyl cinnamate | Phenolic compounds | [23,28] |
62. | Ethyl-trans-p-methoxy cinnamate | Phenolic compound | [29,30] |
63. | Benzoyl eugenol | Phenolic compound | [19] |
64. | Xanthophylls | Carotenoids | [23] |
65. | α-Carotene | Carotenoids | [23] |
66. | DL-a-Tocopherol | Methylated phenol | [23,29] |
67. | β-Carotene | Carotenoids | [23] |
68. | c-Tocopherol | Methylated phenol | [23,29] |
69. | β-Sitosterol | Phytosterols | [7,10,31] |
70. | Stigmasterol-D-glucoside | Phytosterols | [10] |
71. | β-Sitosterol-D-glucoside | Phytosterols | [10,31] |
72. | Ethylferulate | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
73. | c-Eudesmal | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
74. | 3-Hydroxy-c-eudesmal | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
75. | Anhuienosol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
76. | 1,2-Dehydrocarrissonol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
77. | Eudesma-4(15)-ene-β-11diol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
78. | Crytomeridiol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
79. | β-Eudesmol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
80. | 3-Hydroxy-b-eudesmol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
81. | Mucrolidin | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
82. | Oplapanone | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
83. | α-Terpineol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
84. | Elemol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
85. | Dehydrocarissone | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
86. | D7-b-Eudesmol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
87. | Opladiol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
88. | Hydroxy-cryptomeridiol | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
89. | β-Caryophyllene oxide | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
90. | Coniferaldehyde | Sesquiterpene | [28] |
91. | Heychiols A | Farnesane-type sesquiterpenes | [32] |
92. | Heychiols B 8,9-diacetate | Farnesane-type sesquiterpenes | [32] |
93. | Pentadecane | Alkane hydrocarbon | [30] |
Test | Specification |
---|---|
Color | Yellow |
Specific gravity 20 °C | 0.924 |
Refractive index 20 °C | 1.4800 |
Acid value | 1.80 |
Ester value | 14.3 |
Ester value after acetylation | 120.3 |
Hedychium species | Rhizome Essential Oil of Hedychium spicatum var. Acuminatum | Essential Oil of Hedychium gardnerianum Leaves and Flowers | Rhizomes Essential Oil of Hedychium cylindricum Ridl | Rhizome Essential Oil of Hedychium coronarium J. Konig | Rhizome Essential Oil of Hedychium flavescens | Rhizome Essential Oil of Hedychium venustum | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. No. | Chemical Constituents | [8] | [28] | [37] | [38] | [39] | [40] | [28] | [41] | [28] | [28] |
1 | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-Pinene | β-pinene | β-pinene |
2 | Terpinolene | Terpinolene | Terpinolene | ||||||||
3 | Camphor | Camphor | |||||||||
4 | Borneol | Borneol | Borneol | Borneol | Borneol | ||||||
5 | Terpineol | Terpineol | |||||||||
6 | Linalyl acetate | Linalyl acetate | |||||||||
7 | Aceto eugenol | Aceto eugenol | |||||||||
8 | Cadinene | Cadinene | |||||||||
9 | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | 1,8-Cineole | ||
10 | Myrcene | Myrcene | Myrcene | Myrcene | Myrcene | Myrcene | Myrcene | ||||
11 | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | α-Pinene | ||||
12 | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | Camphene | ||
13 | β-terpinene | β-Terpinene | |||||||||
14 | β-Myrecene | β-Myrcene | β-Myrcene | ||||||||
15 | ɣ-Phellandrene | ɣ-Phellandrene | |||||||||
16 | 2-Carene | 2-Carene | |||||||||
17 | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | p-Cymene | ||
18 | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | Limonene | ||
19 | Eucalyptol | Eucalyptol | Eucalyptol | ||||||||
20 | ɣ-Terpinene | ɣ-Terpinene | ɣ-Terpinene | ɣ-Terpinene | ɣ-Terpinene | ɣ-Terpinene | |||||
21 | α-Pinene oxide | α-pinene oxide | |||||||||
22 | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool | Linalool |
23 | Thujol | Thujol | Thujol | ||||||||
24 | (E)-3(10)-caren-4-ol | (E)-3(10)-caren-4-ol | |||||||||
25 | α-Cubebene | α-Cubebene | |||||||||
26 | α-Copaene | α-Copaene | α-Copaene | ||||||||
27 | β-Elemene | β-elemene | |||||||||
28 | α-Gurjunene | α-Gurjunene | |||||||||
29 | Caryophyllene | Caryophyllene | Caryophyllene | ||||||||
30 | Aromadendrene | Aromadendrene | |||||||||
31 | ɣ-Cardinene | ɣ-Cardinene | ɣ-Cardinene | ||||||||
32 | EBCP | EBCP | |||||||||
33 | ɣ-Muurolene | ɣ-Muurolene | ɣ-Muurolene | ||||||||
34 | ɣ-Elemene | ɣ-Elemene | ɣ-Elemene | ||||||||
35 | Patchoulene | Patchoulene | |||||||||
36 | Valencene | Valencene | |||||||||
37 | α-Farnesene | α-Farnesene | |||||||||
38 | Isocaryophyllene | Isocaryophyllene | |||||||||
39 | β-Cubebene | β-Cubebene | |||||||||
40 | β-Cardinene | β-Cardinene | |||||||||
41 | Delta-cardinene | delta-Cardinene | delta-Cardinene | ||||||||
42 | Calamenene | Calamenene | |||||||||
43 | α-Muurolene | α-Muurolene | |||||||||
44 | Nerolidol | Nerolidol | |||||||||
45 | ɣ-Gurjunene | ɣ-Gurjunene | |||||||||
46 | β-guaiene | β-Guaiene | |||||||||
47 | Germacrene B | Germacrene B | |||||||||
48 | Eudesmene | Eudesmene | |||||||||
49 | Dihydro-cis-α-copaene-8-ol | Dihydro-cis-α-copaene-8-ol | |||||||||
50 | Cubenol | Cubenol | |||||||||
51 | Longifolenaldehyde | Longifolenaldehyde | |||||||||
52 | Spathuenol | spathuenol | |||||||||
53 | t-Cadinol | t-Cadinol | |||||||||
54 | t-Muurolol | t-Muurolol | |||||||||
55 | Delta-cardinol | delta-Cardinol | |||||||||
56 | α-Cardinol | α-Cardinol | |||||||||
57 | α-Phellandrene | α-Phellandrene | α-Phellandrene | ||||||||
58 | Delta-3-carene | delta-3-Carene | |||||||||
59 | Nerol | Nerol | |||||||||
60 | Neral | Neral | |||||||||
61 | Geranial | Geranial | |||||||||
62 | Carvacrol | Carvacrol | Carvacrol | Carvacrol | |||||||
63 | Undecanal | Undecanal | |||||||||
64 | delta-Elemene | delta-Elemene | |||||||||
65 | α-Ylangene | α-Ylangene | |||||||||
66 | Longifolene | Longifolene | |||||||||
67 | β-Caryophyllene | β-Caryophyllene | |||||||||
68 | (E)-β-Farnesene | (E)-β-farnesene | |||||||||
69 | α-Humulene | α-Humulene | |||||||||
70 | β-Selinene | β-Selinene | |||||||||
71 | Pentadecane | Pentadecane | |||||||||
72 | (Z)-Nerolidol | (Z)-Nerolidol | |||||||||
73 | (E)-Nerolidol | (E)-Nerolidol | |||||||||
74 | Viridiflorol | Viridiflorol | |||||||||
75 | Tetradecanal | Tetradecanal | |||||||||
76 | (Z, Z)-Farnesol | (Z, Z)-Farnesol | |||||||||
77 | 2-Heptadecanone | 2-Heptadecanone | |||||||||
78 | Glucose penta acetate | Glucose penta acetate | |||||||||
79 | α-Terpineol | α-Terpineol | α-Terpineol | α-Terpineol | |||||||
80 | p-Menth-1-en-4-ol | p-Menth-1-en-4-ol | |||||||||
81 | (E)-Pinocarveol | (E)-Pinocarveol | |||||||||
82 | 2-Pinen-10-ol | 2-Pinen-10-ol | |||||||||
83 | d-Limonene | d-Limonene | |||||||||
84 | 1- Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene | 1- Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene | |||||||||
85 | 2(10)-pinen-3-one | 2(10)-Pinen-3-one | |||||||||
86 | 2(10)-pinen- 3-ol | 2(10)-Pinen- 3-ol | |||||||||
87 | β-Thujene | β-Thujene | |||||||||
88 | α-Thujene | α-Thujene | α-Thujene | ||||||||
89 | Sabinene | Sabinene | Sabinene | ||||||||
90 | δ-3-Carene | δ-3-Carene | |||||||||
91 | cis-Sabinene hydrate | cis-Sabinene hydrate | |||||||||
92 | endo-Fenchol | endo-Fenchol | |||||||||
93 | cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | |||||||||
94 | α-Campholenal | α-Campholenal | α-Campholenal | ||||||||
95 | Nopinone | Nopinone | |||||||||
96 | trans-Pinocarveol | trans-Pinocarveol | trans-Pinocarveol | ||||||||
97 | trans-Verbenol | trans-Verbenol | |||||||||
98 | Pinocarvone | Pinocarvone | |||||||||
99 | Terpinen-4-ol | Terpinen-4-ol | Terpinen-4-ol | ||||||||
100 | p-Cymen-8-ol | p-Cymen-8-ol | |||||||||
101 | α-Terpineol | α-Terpineol | |||||||||
102 | trans-Piperitol | trans-Piperitol | |||||||||
103 | Perilla alcohol | Perilla alcohol | |||||||||
104 | p-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol | p-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol | |||||||||
105 | α-Terpenyl acetate | α-Terpenyl acetate | |||||||||
106 | (E)-Caryophyllene | (E)-Caryophyllene | |||||||||
107 | β-Bisabolene | β-Bisabolene | |||||||||
108 | Caryophyllene oxide | Caryophyllene oxide | Caryophyllene oxide | ||||||||
109 | Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol | Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol | |||||||||
110 | Junicedranone | Junicedranone | |||||||||
111 | Hexadecanoic acid | Hexadecanoic acid | |||||||||
112 | Unidentified diterpene compounds | Unidentified diterpene compounds | |||||||||
113 | Monoterpene hydrocarbons | Monoterpene hydrocarons | |||||||||
114 | α-Pinene epoxide | α-Pinene epoxide | |||||||||
115 | Caranol | Caranol | |||||||||
116 | cis-Verbenol | cis-Verbenol | |||||||||
117 | 3–Thujene | 3–Thujene | |||||||||
118 | Myrtenol | Myrtenol | |||||||||
119 | α-Phellandrene epoxide | α-Phellandrene epoxide | |||||||||
120 | Isomenthol | Isomenthol | |||||||||
121 | Isobornyl acetate | Isobornyl acetate | |||||||||
122 | trans-2-Caren-4-ol | trans-2-Caren-4-ol | |||||||||
123 | α-Thujone | α-Thujone | |||||||||
124 | Aromadendrene epoxide | Aromadendrene epoxide | |||||||||
125 | 17-Acetyloxy, Kauran-18-al | 17-Acetyloxy, Kauran-18-al | |||||||||
126 | Iso cyclocitral | Iso Cyclocitral | |||||||||
127 | 9-cis-Retinal | 9-cis-Retinal | |||||||||
128 | (1-Propyl heptadecyl) benzene | (1-Propyl heptadecyl) benzene | |||||||||
129 | Methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-D- glucopyranoside | Methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-D- glucopyranoside | |||||||||
130 | β-Phellandrene | β-Phellandrene | |||||||||
131 | ɣ-Terpinolene | ɣ-Terpinolene | |||||||||
132 | α-Fenchol | α-Fenchol | |||||||||
133 | Camphene | Camphene | |||||||||
134 | Camphene hydrate | Camphene hydrate | |||||||||
135 | Citronellal | Citronellal | |||||||||
136 | Terpinene-4-ol | Terpinene-4-ol | |||||||||
137 | Myrtenal | Myrtenal | |||||||||
138 | Decanal | Decanal | |||||||||
139 | Oxygenated monoterpenes | Oxygenated monoterpenes | |||||||||
140 | Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||
141 | Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
142 | 3-Carene | 3-Carene | |||||||||
143 | Cymene | Cymene |
Hedychium species | Geographical Origin | Traditional Use | Preparation and/or Administration | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hedychium species | Myanmar | (a) Cuts (b) Poor blood circulation, as well as to speed up postpartum recovery | (a) Cataplasm of crushed leaves and rhizome (b) Decoction of rhizomes is drunk | [44] |
Hedychium spicatum Sm. | India | Breath problems, Bronchitis, and Blood disorders, Vomiting, and Hiccups, Asthma, Bodily pain, Inflammation, and Laxatives are all symptoms of Asthma. | 3 to 4 g of rhizome powder twice a day | [45] |
Vasodilator, Stomachic Expectorant, Tonic Stimulant | 1 g dried rhizome powder thrice a day, Cup of rhizome decoction twice a day | [46] | ||
Snake bite | [47] | |||
Nepal | Indigestion and high Fever | Decoction of rhizome three to five teaspoons twice a day | [48] | |
Hedychium coccineum Buch-Ham ex Smit | India | Jaundice | Decoction of rhizomes | [49] |
Brazil | Anti-inflammatory and Sedative Headache and Fever | Leaves infusion | [50,51] | |
China | Diabetes, Headache, Inflammation, Rheumatism, and Skin disease | Rhizomes | [52] | |
Colombia | Snake bite | Decoction of rhizomes | [53] | |
India | Stimulant tonic, Carminative, Headache, Fever, Diphtheria, and Diabetes | Grinded rhizomes | [54,55,56,57] | |
Malaysia | Indigestion and Abdominal pain | Boiled leaves and betel nut are taken | [58] | |
Hedychium coronarium | Mauritius | Carminative, Cordial, Emmenagogue, Diuretic and Toothache Rubefacient Rheumatism | Rhizome decoction, Fresh rhizome cataplasm, and a paste from crushed rhizomes boiled in mustard oil, garlic and camphor bark is applied to the affected area | [59] |
Nicaragua | Snake bites | Decoction of rhizomes | [60] | |
Peru | Soothing and Rheumatism | Bath is prepared with the aerial part | [61] | |
Thailand | Sore and stiff joints Tonsillitis Mosquito repellent | Application of boiled leaves in affected area A decoction of the stem is gargled Oil from the plant | [39,54] | |
Vietnam | Diabetes, Headache, Inflammation Rheumatism and Skin diseases | Rhizomes | [62] | |
Hedychium cylindricum ridl. | Malaysia | Antirheumatic, Febrifuge, Tonic, Treatment of skin diseases and Wounds | Rhizomes | [38] |
Heychium ellipticum buch-ham ex Sm | Nepal | Fever | Five teaspoons twice a day of rhizome juice | [48] |
Hedychium flavescens carey ex Roscoe | Madagascar | Caries | The liquid from squeezed leaves is applied to cotton and placed in the affected cavity | [63] |
Mauritius | Rheumatism | A paste made from crushed rhizomes cooked with mustered oil is applied to the affected areas | [59] | |
Hedychium longicornutum Griff. Ex Baker | Malaysia | Intestinal worms and Earache | Macerated roots or the whole plant | [34] |
Species | Part | Extract/Compound | Activity | Test Method | Model/Mechanism/Pathway | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hedychium coronarium | Leaves | Methanolic extract | Antioxidant | DPPH assay | UV spectrophotometer | [58] |
Leaves and pseudo stem | Ethanol extract composition | Antidiabetic | Glucose tolerance test | In vitro | [64] | |
Flower | 80% Aqueous extract Coronarins B Coronarins C Coronarins D 15-Hydroxylabda-8(17), 11,13-trien-16,15-olide 16-formyllabda-8(17),12-dien-15,11-olide Ferullic acid Silybin | Hepatoprotective | D-GaIN induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes (MTT assay) | In vitro | [65] | |
Rhizome | Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol extract | Analgesic [66] | (a) Acetic acid induced writhing test [66] (b) Radiant heat tail-flick method | In vitro | [67] | |
Chloroform extract (E)-λ-8(17),12-di Coronarin A, ene-15,16-dial, Coronarin B, CoronarinC, Coronarin D | Cytotoxic against Cloned Chinese hamster V-79 cell | Bioassay | In vitro | [68] | ||
Hexane extract 6-Oxo-7,11,13-labdatrien-17-al-16,15-olide 7,17-dihy- droxy-6-oxo-7,11,13-labdatrien-16,15-olide Coronarin D Coronarin C Coronarin D methyl ether Cryptomeridiol Hedychenone 6-oxo-7,11,13-labdatri-ene-16, 15-olide Pacovatinin A 4-Hydroxy3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy ethyl cinnamate | Cytotoxic against A-549 (lung cancer), SK-N-SH (human neuroblastoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines | Bioassay | In vitro | [69] | ||
Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol extract | Anti-inflammatory | Carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema | In vitro | [67] | ||
Methanol extract Hedychilactone A Hedychilactone B Hedychilactone C Coronarin D Coronarin D methyl ether Coronarin E Hedychenone 7-Hydroxy Hedychenone (+)-Nerolidol Hedychiol A Hedychiol B 8,9-diacetate | Anti-inflammatory | NO and iNOS assay in LPS activated mouse peritoneal macrophage | LPS stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 | [17] | ||
Methanol extract Coronarin D Coronarin D methyl ether | Anti-inflammatory | Acetic acid induced vascular permeability in mice | Histamine, Serotonin mediated inflammation | |||
Methanolic extract Hedychiol A Hedychiol B 8,9-diacetate Hedychilactone A Hedychilactone B Hedychilactone C Coronarin D Coronarin D methyl ether Coronarin E Hedychenone 7-Hydroxyhedychinone (+)-Nerolidol | Anti-allergic | Inhibition of released Hexosaminidase from RBL-2h3 cells | [32] | |||
Methanol extract Coronarin G Coronarin H Coronarin I Coronarin D Coronarin D methyl ether Hedyforrestin C (E)-Nerolidol β-sitosterol Daucosterol Stigmasterol | Anti-inflammatory | LPS stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells | LPS stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 p40 | [62] | ||
Methanol extract Hedycoronen A Hedycoronen B Coronarin A Coronarin E Labda-8(17),11,13-trien-16,15-olide 16-hydroxyl-abda-8(17),11,13-trien-15,16-olide | Anti-inflammatory | LPS stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells | LPS stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 p40 | [66] | ||
Methanol extract Hedychicoronarin Peroxycoronarin D 7β-Hydroxycalcaratarin A (E)-7β-hydroxy-6-oxo-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial Calcaratarin A Coronarin A Coronarin D Coronarin D methyl ether Coronarin D ethyl ether (E)-Labda-8(17),12-Diene-15,16-dial Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one | Anti-inflammatory | Inhibition of superoxide radical anion generation | Elastase release by human neutrophils evaluated in response to fMet-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B | [70] | ||
Essential | Anti-microbial | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [71,72] | ||
Hedychium spicatum | Rhizome and leaves | Methanolic extract | Antioxidant | DPPH assay | UV spectrophotometer | [73] |
Rhizome | Aqueous, Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, Hexane extract | Anti-microbial, Anti-fungal | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [74] | |
Petroleum ether, Benzene, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Acetone, Ethanol, Aqueous extract, and Essential oil | Anti-microbial | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [75] | ||
Essential oil | Anti-microbial | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [72] | ||
Essential oil | Anthelmintic | C. elegans mobility test | In vitro | [40,76] | ||
Chloroform extract (Eudesma-4(15)-ene-β- 11diol crytomeridiol β-udesmol 3-Hydroxy-β-eudesmol Mucrolidin Oplapanone A-Terpineol Elemol Dehydrocarissone Δ7-β-Eudesmol Opladiol Hydroxycryptomeridiol β-Caryophyllene oxide Coniferaldehyde and Ethylferulate | Cytotoxic against (inhibitory effect against) A-549, B-16, Hela, HT-29, NCI-H460, PC-3, IEC-6 and L-6 cancer cell lines | MTT assay | In vitro | [29] | ||
Powder | Ameliorating Potential | Indoxacarb induced toxic effect | In vitro | [77] | ||
Essential oil | Pediculicidal | % Mortality determined | In vitro | [78] | ||
Hexane extract/Pentadecane, Ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate | Hair growth | Hair growth promotion activity | In vitro | [30] | ||
Ethanol, Hexane, Chloroform | CNS depressant | Locomotor activity in Wistar rats | In vitro | [79] | ||
Extract composition | Skin protective | Inhibition of UV induced matrix metalloproteinase | In vitro | [80] | ||
Induced pigmentation | Forskolin induced pigmentation | In vitro | [81] | |||
Extract composition | Anti-dermatophytic | Agar slant cell culture | In vitro | [82] | ||
Extract composition | Cracked heels. | Used as barrier to protect skin | In vitro | [83] | ||
Root | Hydroalcoholic extract | Antihistaminic | Isolated Guinea pig ileum response on student physiograph | In vitro | [84] | |
Mast cell stabilizer | Mast cell degranulation test using ringer-Locke solution | In vitro | ||||
Bronchodilator | Histamine induced bronchospasm | In vitro | ||||
Hedychium forrestii | Rhizome | Ethanol extract Hedyforrestin D 15-Ethoxy-hedyforrestin D Yunnacoronarin A Yunnacoronarin B Yunnacoronarin C | Cytotoxic against MCF-7 (breast cancer), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), CHO (Chinese hamster ovary), A-375 (Human malignant melanoma), and A-549 (Human lung carcinoma) cell lines | MTT assay | In vitro | [24] |
Hedychium yunnanense | Rhizome | Ethanol extract Hedychenoids A Hedychenoids B Hedychenone Forrestin A Villosin | Cytotoxic against SGC-7901 (human gastric cancer cell line) and HELA (human cervical carcinoma) | Bioassay | In vitro | [85] |
Ethanol extract HedychenoidsA, Hedychenoids B, Hedychenone, Forrestin A, Villosin | Anti-inflammatory | NO assay produced in LPS and IFN-g-stimulated 264.7 macrophages | LPS stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 | [85] | ||
Hedychium ellipticum | Rhizome | Essential oil | Anti-microbial | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [72] |
Hedychium aurantiacum | Rhizome | Essential oil | Anti-microbial | Disk diffusion method | Microbiological | [72] |
Hedychium gardnerianum | Leaves | Essential oil | Antioxidant | DPPH assay | UV spectrophotometer | [86] |
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Singh, A.P.; Chitme, H.; Sharma, R.K.; Kandpal, J.; Behera, A.; Abdel-Wahab, B.A.; Orabi, M.A.; Khateeb, M.M.; Habeeb, M.S.; Bakir, M.B. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacologically Active Phyto-Constituents from Hedychium species. Molecules 2023, 28, 3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073278
Singh AP, Chitme H, Sharma RK, Kandpal J, Behera A, Abdel-Wahab BA, Orabi MA, Khateeb MM, Habeeb MS, Bakir MB. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacologically Active Phyto-Constituents from Hedychium species. Molecules. 2023; 28(7):3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073278
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Alok Pratap, Havagiray Chitme, Rajeev Kumar Sharma, JB Kandpal, Ashok Behera, Basel A. Abdel-Wahab, Mohammed Abdelmalek Orabi, Masood Medleri Khateeb, Mohammed Shafiuddin Habeeb, and Marwa B. Bakir. 2023. "A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacologically Active Phyto-Constituents from Hedychium species" Molecules 28, no. 7: 3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073278