Impact of Tea Processing on Tryptophan, Melatonin, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves: Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Mulberry Leaf Extracts
2.2. LC-MS/MS Analysis of Tryptophan, Melatonin, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents
2.3. Antioxidant Capacities and In Vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibition of Mulberry Leaf Extracts
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sample Preparation and Extraction
3.2. Tryptophan, Melatonin and Phenolic Determination by LC-MS
3.3. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
3.4. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
3.5. Antioxidant Activities
3.5.1. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Assay
3.5.2. 2,2-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) Radical Scavenging Assay
3.5.3. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay
3.6. In Vitro Inhibition Study on Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Enzyme
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | TPC (mg GAE/g Extract) | TFC (mg QE/g Extract) | Antioxidant Capacities | AChE Inhibition IC50 (µg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH IC50 (µg/mL) | ABTS IC50 (µg/mL) | FRAP (mmole/100 g Extract) | ||||
YB-FL | 390.89 ± 3.90 a | 10.15 ± 0.21 c | 96.17 ± 2.28 b | 86.05 ± 1.40 b | 163.99 ± 9.26 b | 165.24 ± 5.11 c |
YB-GT | 194.69 ± 2.81 c | 29.42 ± 1.06 b | 253.70 ± 1.71 d | 145.22 ± 6.20 c | 143.15 ± 0.44 c | 160.66 ± 6.51 c |
YB-BT | 261.10 ± 1.69 b | 39.09 ± 0.48 a | 117.69 ± 0.90 c | 90.40 ± 2.18 b | 187.54 ± 0.94 a | 146.53 ± 2.66 b |
KP-FL | 290.94 ± 4.56 a | 17.59 ± 0.23 b | 128.97 ± 1.17 d | 88.71 ± 1.47 d | 111.62 ± 1.96 c | 163.07 ± 2.30 c |
KP-GT | 129.93 ± 2.37 c | 30.76 ± 0.05 a | 121.55 ± 1.23 c | 76.89 ± 1.32 c | 173.52 ± 1.29 b | 156.01 ± 3.19 b |
KP-BT | 252.15 ± 4.72 b | 30.24 ± 0.17 a | 117.75 ± 1.42 b | 67.35 ± 1.15 b | 239.26 ± 1.78 a | 159.51 ± 4.24 b,c |
Trolox | - | - | 3.40 ± 0.01 a | 4.49 ± 0.04 a | 40.89 ± 0.51 d | - |
Galantamine | - | - | - | - | - | 1.06 ± 0.08 a |
Samples | Tryptophan (µg/g Extract) | Melatonin (µg/g Extract) | Phenolics (mg/g Extract) | Flavonoids (mg/g Extract) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallic Acid | Caffeic Acid | Gentisic Acid | Protocatechuic Acid | Chlorogenic Acid | Rutin | Myricetin | |||
YB-FL | 29.54 ± 4.03 c | 9.77 ± 0.32 | 1.84 ± 0.08 c | 7.67 ± 0.15 b | 17.58 ± 0.27 c | 4.91 ± 0.45 c | 6580.60 ± 35.28 a | 1009.75 ± 11.29 a | ND |
YB-GT | 113.03 ± 2.6 b | ND | 5.95 ± 0.32 a | 4.78 ± 0.88 c | 50.84 ± 1.84 b | 22.51 ± 1.06 a | 5832.83 ± 15.82 b | 109.48 ± 1.55 c | ND |
YB-BT | 673.72 ± 4.43 a | ND | 3.23 ± 0.47 b | 11.91 ± 1.00 a | 54.00 ± 0.79 a | 13.73 ± 0.38 b | 19.63 ± 0.92 c | 751.33 ± 13.80 b | ND |
KP-FL | 209.40 ± 11.87 b | ND | 2.49 ± 0.27 a | 5.80 ± 0.14 c | 16.13 ± 0.54 c | 6.18 ± 0.13 c | 11907.10 ± 151.80 a | 773.76 ± 26.20 a | ND |
KP-GT | 210.86 ± 1.38 b | ND | 2.54 ± 0.13 a | 7.77 ± 0.74 b | 36.49 ± 2.35 b | 7.75 ± 0.14 b | 5122.08 ± 50.75 b | 372.66 ± 6.90 c | ND |
KP-BT | 481.49 ± 10.11 a | ND | 2.65 ± 0.24 a | 11.17 ± 0.80 a | 46.93 ± 1.31 a | 10.73 ± 0.53 a | 1330.69 ± 11.36 c | 543.14 ± 4.04 b | ND |
Samples | Fresh Weights (g) | Extracts (g) | Yields (%) |
---|---|---|---|
YB-FL | 500.00 | 23.12 | 4.63 |
YB-GT | 100.00 | 3.40 | 3.40 |
YB-BT | 100.00 | 2.13 | 2.13 |
KP-FL | 500.00 | 26.43 | 5.30 |
KP-GT | 100.00 | 3.07 | 3.07 |
KP-BT | 100.00 | 2.93 | 2.93 |
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Panyatip, P.; Padumanonda, T.; Yongram, C.; Kasikorn, T.; Sungthong, B.; Puthongking, P. Impact of Tea Processing on Tryptophan, Melatonin, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves: Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022, 27, 4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154979
Panyatip P, Padumanonda T, Yongram C, Kasikorn T, Sungthong B, Puthongking P. Impact of Tea Processing on Tryptophan, Melatonin, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves: Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS. Molecules. 2022; 27(15):4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154979
Chicago/Turabian StylePanyatip, Panyada, Tanit Padumanonda, Chawalit Yongram, Tiantip Kasikorn, Bunleu Sungthong, and Ploenthip Puthongking. 2022. "Impact of Tea Processing on Tryptophan, Melatonin, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves: Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS" Molecules 27, no. 15: 4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154979