A PUT-Based Approach to Automatically Extracting Quantities and Generating Final Answers for Numerical Attributes
1
School of Information Science & Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
2
Department of Mathematics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
3
School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, Yantai 264005, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Andreas Holzinger
Entropy 2016, 18(6), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060235
Received: 14 January 2016
/
Revised: 12 June 2016
/
Accepted: 12 June 2016
/
Published: 22 June 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Entropy: Discover Unknown Unknowns in Complex Data Sets)
Automatically extracting quantities and generating final answers for numerical attributes is very useful in many occasions, including question answering, image processing, human-computer interaction, etc. A common approach is to learn linguistics templates or wrappers and employ some algorithm or model to generate a final answer. However, building linguistics templates or wrappers is a tough task for builders. In addition, linguistics templates or wrappers are domain-dependent. To make the builder escape from building linguistics templates or wrappers, we propose a new approach to final answer generation based on Predicates-Units Table (PUT), a mini domain-independent knowledge base. It is deserved to point out that, in the following cases, quantities are not represented well. Quantities are absent of units. Quantities are perhaps wrong for a given question. Even if all of them are represented well, their units are perhaps inconsistent. These cases have a strong impact on final answer solving. One thousand nine hundred twenty-six real queries are employed to test the proposed method, and the experimental results show that the average correctness ratio of our approach is 87.1%.
View Full-Text
▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, Y.; Wang, L.; Chen, R.; Song, Y.; Cai, Y. A PUT-Based Approach to Automatically Extracting Quantities and Generating Final Answers for Numerical Attributes. Entropy 2016, 18, 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060235
AMA Style
Liu Y, Wang L, Chen R, Song Y, Cai Y. A PUT-Based Approach to Automatically Extracting Quantities and Generating Final Answers for Numerical Attributes. Entropy. 2016; 18(6):235. https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060235
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yaqing, Lidong Wang, Rong Chen, Yingjie Song, and Yalin Cai. 2016. "A PUT-Based Approach to Automatically Extracting Quantities and Generating Final Answers for Numerical Attributes" Entropy 18, no. 6: 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060235
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
