Topic Editors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Dr. Chuanyang Li
Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies

Abstract submission deadline
closed (15 August 2023)
Manuscript submission deadline
closed (15 November 2023)
Viewed by
16580

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite submissions to this Topic on High-Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies. In recent years, the vigorous development of smart grid and energy internet has promoted the wide application of sensing and monitoring, information technology, and artificial intelligence technology in the field of high-voltage engineering, making equipment smarter and more reliable and flexible. Led by these technologies, the digital twin of high-voltage devices has become a hot topic, leading to the continuous development of new technology for the operation, maintenance, diagnosis, and condition evaluation of high-voltage equipment.

Topics of interest could include but are not limited to:

  • Sensing
  • Monitoring
  • Diagnostics
  • Data mining
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Numerical modeling
  • Digital twin
  • EMC
  • Functional materials
  • Self-healing
  • Energy conversion
  • Other smart technologies

Prof. Dr. Bo Zhang
Dr. Chuanyang Li
Prof. Dr. Qing Yang
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • high-voltage system
  • sensors
  • monitoring
  • machine learning
  • big data
  • digital twins

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Energies
energies
3.0 6.2 2008 17.5 Days CHF 2600
Applied Sciences
applsci
2.5 5.3 2011 17.8 Days CHF 2400
Electronics
electronics
2.6 5.3 2012 16.8 Days CHF 2400
Sci
sci
- 4.5 2019 27.4 Days CHF 1200

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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19 pages, 10020 KiB  
Article
Investigating Pressure Patterns in Transformer Tanks after an Interturn Short Circuit: A Finite Element Approach
by Mingming Han, Mengzhao Zhu, Zhaoliang Gu, Qizhao Zhang, Ruxue Zhao and Hongshun Liu
Energies 2024, 17(3), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030564 - 24 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1048
Abstract
When an inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs during the operation of a transformer, the arc generates energy that causes the temperature in the tank to rise. This in turn increases the temperature of the insulating oil, vaporizing it, and the rising pressure in the [...] Read more.
When an inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs during the operation of a transformer, the arc generates energy that causes the temperature in the tank to rise. This in turn increases the temperature of the insulating oil, vaporizing it, and the rising pressure in the tank acts on the tank such that it can easily explode. The arc energy is related to the initial pressure of the gas and its production in the tank. The pressure wave propagates in insulating oil, and the transient pressure at any point in the path of the pressure wave is the superposition of vectors of forward- and backward-traveling waves. The authors of this study applied a finite element simulation software to establish a model of the transformer tank and used it to analyze the changes in pressure in the tank and on the wall as well as the factors influencing this phenomenon. The results show that the wall pressure of the transformer increases with time after the failure of the interturn short circuit. The pressure wave travels from the initial position of the arc to the periphery and decreases with diffusion effects. The influence of pressure on the transformer tank can be reduced by selecting an appropriate location for the pressure-release valve and can in turn prevent the tank from rupturing due to the impact of rising pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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16 pages, 4090 KiB  
Article
Design, Simulation, and Fabrication of a 500 kV Ultrawideband Coaxial Matched Load and Its Connectors for Fast Transient Pulse Measurement Systems
by Mohammad Saif Khan, Mohamed Agazar and Yann Le Bihan
Energies 2024, 17(1), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010166 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 881
Abstract
In the past few decades, Pulsed Power (PP) has been one of the fastest growing technologies, with more and more systems frequently emerging in domains such as civil, medical and military. These systems are based on high-voltage pulses, up to several hundreds of [...] Read more.
In the past few decades, Pulsed Power (PP) has been one of the fastest growing technologies, with more and more systems frequently emerging in domains such as civil, medical and military. These systems are based on high-voltage pulses, up to several hundreds of kilovolts, with temporal parameters ranging from microsecond levels to sub-nanosecond levels. One of the biggest challenges in this technology is the accurate and precise measurement of the generated PP. The PP measurement systems must possess high-voltage and wideband properties simultaneously, which is often conflicting. The central elements of a PP measurement system are a voltage divider and a termination load. The work presented in this article is dedicated to the second element of the PP measurement system. This paper describes the development of a 50 Ω coaxial termination load and its connectors for a high power ultrawideband (UWB) pulse measurement systems. The principle roles of these devices are to serve as a dummy matched load for the former and to facilitate the connections between different components of the pulse measurement system for the latter. These devices are designed to withstand pulse voltage amplitudes at least up to 500 kV with temporal parameters, such as rise time and pulse duration, varying from nanosecond to sub-nanosecond ranges. The main challenge in the development of a high-voltage UWB termination load is the tradeoff between the high-voltage and wideband characteristics, both of them requiring opposite dimensional aspects for the load device. This challenge is overcame by the special exponential geometry of the load device. The design employs a 30 cm long low-inductance tubular ceramic 50 Ω resistor, enclosed in a critically dimensioned shielding conductor of an exponential inner profile. This shrinking coaxial structure makes it possible to maintain a good level of matching all along the 50 Ω load. The results obtained through 3D electromagnetic modeling and vector network analyzer measurements show good agreement and confirm the reflection coefficient below −27 dB up to at least 2.5 GHz for the load device. Moreover, calculations demonstrate that the load device is very well adapted for nanosecond and sub-nanosecond pulses with voltage peaks as high as 500 kV. These results demonstrate the high-voltage and UWB properties of the developed load device and prove the utilization of this device in the measurement systems for the accurate and precise measurements of the PP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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15 pages, 4526 KiB  
Article
Efficient Zero-Sequence Impedance Measurement in Autotransformers Using Low-Voltage Excitation
by Min Zhang, Jian Fang, Hongbin Wang, Qingdan Huang, Haicheng Hong, Xiang Lin and Niancheng Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010215 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 2455
Abstract
In accordance with the IEEE standard, the zero-sequence impedance test of transformers necessitates an open or short circuit test on the high-voltage side winding. Power source excitation is applied to the high-voltage test winding using a high-capacity test power supply. To circumvent the [...] Read more.
In accordance with the IEEE standard, the zero-sequence impedance test of transformers necessitates an open or short circuit test on the high-voltage side winding. Power source excitation is applied to the high-voltage test winding using a high-capacity test power supply. To circumvent the need for a large-capacity, high-voltage test power supply in field tests, this paper proposes a method for measuring zero-sequence impedance in autotransformers based on low-voltage excitation and disconnection testing. By applying a three-phase power supply to the lowest voltage side of the autotransformer and creating a disconnection condition, an unbalanced test scenario is established. Subsequently, the composite sequence network equivalent circuit for one-phase and two-phase disconnections between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the transformer is formulated. Calculation formulas for the zero-sequence impedance of the autotransformer under various conditions are derived. The accuracy of the zero-sequence impedance is verified using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software 2018b, evaluating double-winding and three-winding autotransformers in breaking tests under different connection modes. The error is found to be less than 3%. The results of this study affirm the high accuracy of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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12 pages, 3477 KiB  
Article
A Measurement Method for the Charging Potential of Conductors in the Vicinity of HVDC Overhead Lines Based on a Non-Contact Electrometer
by Jinpeng Shi, Xingxin Guo, Donglai Wang, Bo Chen, Yan Zhao and Aijun Zhang
Electronics 2023, 12(22), 4567; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12224567 - 8 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1085
Abstract
Charging potential appears when a conductor insulated to the ground is exposed to an electrostatic field. A modified measurement method based on a non-contact electrometer is presented in this article. This system is appropriate for measuring the charging potential of a conductor near [...] Read more.
Charging potential appears when a conductor insulated to the ground is exposed to an electrostatic field. A modified measurement method based on a non-contact electrometer is presented in this article. This system is appropriate for measuring the charging potential of a conductor near high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) overhead lines. Compared with the contact measurement method, the modified method is hardly affected by the internal resistance of the electrometer, which helps ensure measurement accuracy in the electrostatic field. In contrast with the traditional non-contact electrometer, the electric field generated by HVDC lines and the space charges around the electrometer probe are shielded using a grounding cage. The effectiveness of the modified measurement method was verified via experiments. The impacts of the structure and position of the measurement system on the measured charging potential are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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18 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
Free and Wire-Guided Spark Discharges in Water: Pre-Breakdown Energy Losses and Generated Pressure Impulses
by Yifan Chai, Igor V. Timoshkin, Mark P. Wilson, Martin J. Given and Scott J. MacGregor
Energies 2023, 16(13), 4932; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134932 - 25 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1262
Abstract
Impulsive underwater discharges have been investigated for many decades, yet the complex pre-breakdown processes that underpin their development are not fully understood. Higher pre-breakdown energy losses may lead to significant reduction in the magnitude and intensity of the pressure waves generated by expanding [...] Read more.
Impulsive underwater discharges have been investigated for many decades, yet the complex pre-breakdown processes that underpin their development are not fully understood. Higher pre-breakdown energy losses may lead to significant reduction in the magnitude and intensity of the pressure waves generated by expanding post-breakdown plasma channels. Thus, it is important to characterize these losses for different discharge types and to identify approaches to their reduction. The present paper analyses thermal pre-breakdown processes in the case of free path and wire-guided discharges in water: fast joule heating of a small volume of water at the high-voltage electrode and joule heating and the melting of the wire, respectively. The energy required for joule heating of the water and metallic wire have been obtained from thermal models, analysed and compared with the experimental pre-breakdown energy losses. Pressure impulses generated by free path and by wire-guided underwater discharges have also been investigated. It was shown that wire-guided discharges support the formation of longer plasma channels better than free path underwater discharges for the same energy available per discharge. This results in stronger pressure impulses developed by underwater wire-guided discharges. It has been shown that the pressure magnitude in the case of both discharge types is inversely proportional to the observation distance which is a characteristic of a spherical acoustic wave. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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15 pages, 3295 KiB  
Article
Non-Intrusive Voltage-Inversion Measurement Method for Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Near-End Electric-Field Integration
by Wei Liao, Qing Yang, Kun Ke, Zhenhui Qiu, Yuqing Lei and Fei Jiao
Energies 2023, 16(8), 3415; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083415 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
Existing electric-field integral inversion methods have limited field application conditions, and they are difficult to arrange electric-field measurement points on high-span overhead lines. This paper proposes a non-intrusive voltage measurement method for overhead transmission lines based on the near-end electric-field integration method. First, [...] Read more.
Existing electric-field integral inversion methods have limited field application conditions, and they are difficult to arrange electric-field measurement points on high-span overhead lines. This paper proposes a non-intrusive voltage measurement method for overhead transmission lines based on the near-end electric-field integration method. First, the electric-field distribution under 10 kV lines is calculated by finite element simulation software. The electric-field distribution of the plumb line and the discrete integral node below the wire are analyzed. Then, based on traditional electric-field integration, a line-voltage-inversion measurement method based on near-end electric-field integration is proposed. In addition, a voltage-monitoring system based on near-end electric-field integration is constructed. Next, the numerical integration types, the number of integration nodes, and the scale coefficient of the near-end region of the inversion algorithm are optimized with the electric-field simulation data. Finally, to verify the voltage-inversion method proposed in this paper, a test platform for overhead-line voltage is constructed using a MEMS electric-field sensor. The results indicate that the voltage-inversion error is 5.75%. The research results will provide theoretical guidance for non-intrusive voltage-inversion measurement of overhead lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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12 pages, 5911 KiB  
Article
Grating Spectrum Design and Optimization of GMM-FBG Current Sensor
by Fei Jiao, Yuqing Lei, Guozheng Peng, Funing Dong, Qing Yang and Wei Liao
Energies 2023, 16(2), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020997 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a current sensor based on giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been improved by optimizing the spectral characteristics of gratings. By analyzing the influence of FBG on the current sensor characteristics, three key [...] Read more.
In this study, the performance of a current sensor based on giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been improved by optimizing the spectral characteristics of gratings. By analyzing the influence of FBG on the current sensor characteristics, three key parameters (gate region length, refractive index modulation depth, and toe cutting system) are selected for optimization. The optimal grating parameters are determined to improve the linearity and sensitivity of sensor output. Experimental tests reveal that after grating optimization, the current sensor shows excellent performance parameters, including a linearity of 0.9942, sensitivity of 249.75 mV/A, and good stability in the temperature range of 0–60 °C. This research can provide a reference for improving the grating design and performance of existing GMM-FBG current sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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17 pages, 3068 KiB  
Article
Study on the Lightning Protection Performance for a 110 kV Non-Shield-Wired Overhead Line with Anti-Thunder and Anti-Icing Composite Insulators
by Jianping Hu, Ting Zhu, Jianlin Hu, Zhen Fang and Ruihe Zhang
Energies 2023, 16(2), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020815 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
Due to micro landforms and climate, the 110 kV transmission lines crossing the mountain areas are exposed to severe icing conditions for both their high voltage (HV) conductors and shield wires during the winter. Ice accumulation on the shield wire causes excessive sag, [...] Read more.
Due to micro landforms and climate, the 110 kV transmission lines crossing the mountain areas are exposed to severe icing conditions for both their high voltage (HV) conductors and shield wires during the winter. Ice accumulation on the shield wire causes excessive sag, which leads to a reduced clearance between earth and HV wires, and could eventually result in tripping of the line due to phase-to-ground flashover. Due to the lack of effective de-icing techniques for the shield wires, removing them completely from the existing overhead line (OHL) structure becomes a reasonable solution to prevent icing accidents. Nevertheless, the risk of exposure to lightning strikes increased significantly after the shield wires were removed. In order to cope with this, the anti-thunder and anti-icing composite insulator (AACI) is installed on the OHLs. In this article, the 110 kV transmission line without shield wire is considered. The shielding failure after installation of the AACIs is studied using the lightning strike simulation models established in the ATP software. The lightning stroke flashover tests are carried out to examine the shielding failures on various designs for the AACIs. Assuming the tower’s earth resistance is 30 Ω, the LWL of back flashover and direct flashover are 630.88 kA and 261.33 kA, respectively, after the installation of AACIs on an unearthed OHL. Due to the unique mechanism of the AACI, the operational voltage level and the height of the pylon have a neglectable influence on its lightning withstand level (LWL). When the length of the parallel protective gap increases from 450 mm to 550 mm, the lightning trip-out rate decreases from 0.104 times/100 km·a to 0.014 times/100 km·a, and the drop rate reaches 86.5%. Therefore, increasing the gap distance for the AACI to provide additional clearance is proven to be an effective method to reduce the shielding failure rates for non-shield-wired OHLs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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15 pages, 8570 KiB  
Article
The Identification Method of the Winding Vibration Faults of Dry-Type Transformers
by Shulian Liu, Ling Zhang, Likang Yang, Cunkai Gu and Zaihua Wang
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010003 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1744
Abstract
To identify the four typical faults of dry-type transformer winding insulations, looseness, deformation and eccentricity, this study establishes the electric magnetic force multi-physical field simulation model of a dry-type transformer winding under the four typical faults with COMSOL software, based on the vibration [...] Read more.
To identify the four typical faults of dry-type transformer winding insulations, looseness, deformation and eccentricity, this study establishes the electric magnetic force multi-physical field simulation model of a dry-type transformer winding under the four typical faults with COMSOL software, based on the vibration mechanism of an SCB10-1000/10 dry-type transformer. Through the multi-physical field coupling calculation, the comparative relationship between the vibration acceleration of the winding under the four kinds of faults and the normal working state is obtained. The results show that the amplitude growth rate of the fundamental frequency or harmonic frequency of the acceleration signal under four kinds of faults is different from that under normal conditions. Therefore, the threshold value of the fundamental frequency or harmonic increment of the acceleration signal is introduced to describe the growth rate of the acceleration signal relative to normal conditions. Finally, four typical faults are identified with different threshold ranges of acceleration increment under faults, laying a foundation for the fault diagnosis of transformer winding vibrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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13 pages, 4686 KiB  
Article
An Approach to Assess the 500 kV Insulator String Condition Using Ultraviolet Imager
by Faiq Arkan Dewanto, Adityadika Miftakhul Khakim, Tumiran, Mochammad Wahyudi, Noor Akhmad Setiawan and Dharma Saputra
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12054; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312054 - 25 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
The condition of each cup-and-pin insulator that forms a string must be considered in order to obtain effective guidance for contamination flashover mitigation. This paper describes an approach to assess the string condition based on the ultraviolet (UV) emitted by each cup-and-pin insulator [...] Read more.
The condition of each cup-and-pin insulator that forms a string must be considered in order to obtain effective guidance for contamination flashover mitigation. This paper describes an approach to assess the string condition based on the ultraviolet (UV) emitted by each cup-and-pin insulator during partial discharge condition. The UV patterns on the string were observed visually in the laboratory test. The criteria of string condition level was built based on the patterns and applied to the strings installed in the field. The index value expressing the string condition level in the field (level status) was then compared with the UV quantitative parameter extracted from the UV video. At the final stage, a logarithmic regression classification model was built based on these two values. The laboratory test results showed that there were three levels of string condition, namely level one (safest), level two, and level three (most dangerous). Most strings in the field had category level two, while most strings with level three were of the suspension type. The UV emission area parameters expressed in pixels and percentages were able to represent the sporadic nature of the discharge phenomenon. The proposed approach provided a predictive model with a mean absolute error of 0.182. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic High Voltage Systems and Smart Technologies)
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