Advanced Composite Materials

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.5	2011	16 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Materials materials	3.2	6.4	2008	15.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Buildings buildings	3.1	4.4	2011	15.1 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Construction Materials constrmater	-	3.1	2021	20.9 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Fibers fibers	3.9	7.4	2013	23.1 Days	CHF 2000	Submit
Sustainability sustainability	3.3	7.7	2009	17.9 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Clean Technologies cleantechnol	4.7	8.3	2019	20 Days	CHF 1800	Submit

20 pages, 1848 KB

Open AccessArticle

Principal Component and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis for Predicting Strength in Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortars

by Enea Mustafaraj, Erion Luga, Christina El Sawda, Elio Ziade and Khaled Younes

Constr. Mater. 2026, 6(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater6010011 - 5 Feb 2026

Accurate prediction of the mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced cement mortars (FRCM) is challenging because fiber geometry and properties vary widely and interact with the cement matrix in a non-trivial way. In this study, we propose an interpretable, computationally light framework that combines principal [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of the mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced cement mortars (FRCM) is challenging because fiber geometry and properties vary widely and interact with the cement matrix in a non-trivial way. In this study, we propose an interpretable, computationally light framework that combines principal component analysis (PCA) with multiple linear regression (MLR) to predict compressive strength (Cs) and flexural strength (Fs) from mix proportions and fiber parameters. The literature-based dataset of 52 mortar mixes reinforced with polypropylene, steel, coconut, date palm, and hemp fibers was compiled and analyzed, covering Cs = 4.4–78.6 MPa and Fs = 0.75–16.7 MPa, with fiber volume fraction V_f = 0–15% and fiber length F_l = 4.48–60 mm. PCA performed on the full dataset showed that PC1–PC2 explain 53.4% of the total variance; a targeted variable-selection strategy increased the captured variance to 73.0% for the subset used for regression model development. MLR models built using PC1 and PC2 achieved good accuracy in the low-to-mid strength range, while prediction errors increased for higher-strength mixes (approximately Cs ≳ 60 MPa and Fs ≳ 10 MPa). On an independent validation dataset (n = 10), the refined model achieved mean absolute percentage errors of 11.3% for Fs and 18.5% for Cs. The proposed PCA-MLR approach provides a transparent alternative to more complex data-driven predictors, and it can support preliminary screening and optimization of fiber-reinforced mortar designs for durable structural and repair applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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13 pages, 1893 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fracture Behavior Under Mode I Loading in Laminated Composite Materials Repaired with Structural Adhesives

by Paula Vigón, Antonio Argüelles, Miguel Lozano and Jaime Viña

Fibers 2026, 14(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib14020020 - 2 Feb 2026

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Abstract

One of the most critical damage modes affecting the structural performance of traditional composite materials, and therefore their durability, is the occurrence of interlaminar cracks (delamination), which are prone to grow under different loading conditions. In this study, the feasibility of repairing carbon [...] Read more.

One of the most critical damage modes affecting the structural performance of traditional composite materials, and therefore their durability, is the occurrence of interlaminar cracks (delamination), which are prone to grow under different loading conditions. In this study, the feasibility of repairing carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using structural adhesives was experimentally investigated by evaluating the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. Two unidirectional AS4 CFRP systems were analyzed, manufactured with epoxy 8552 and epoxy 3501-6 matrix resins. Mode I delamination behavior was characterized using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens. Three commercial structural adhesives were used in the repair process: two epoxy-based systems, (Loctite^® EA 9460™, manufactured by Henkel adhesives (Düsseldorf, Germany), and Araldite^® 2015 manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Materials (The Woodlands, TX, USA) and one low-odor acrylic adhesive, 3M Scotch-Weld^® DP8810NS manufactured by 3M Company (St. Paul, MN, USA). Adhesive joints were applied to previously fractured specimens, and the results were compared with those obtained from baseline composite specimens. The results indicate that repaired joints based on the 8552 matrix exhibited higher strain energy release rate (G_Ic) values, approaching those of the original material. The 3501-6 system showed increased fiber bridging, contributing to higher apparent fracture toughness. Among the adhesives evaluated, the acrylic-based adhesive provided the highest delamination resistance for both composite systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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22 pages, 82477 KB

Open AccessArticle

Shear and Interface Properties for Unidirectional, Woven, and Hybrid M21 Particle-Toughened Composites

by Andrew Seamone, Anthony Waas and Vipul Ranatunga

Materials 2026, 19(3), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030540 - 29 Jan 2026

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Abstract

The M21 epoxy matrix is a toughened material designed to enhance the fracture resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). This study presents an experimental characterization of the shear and interlaminar properties required for validating computational damage models of hybrid laminated composite panels manufactured [...] Read more.

The M21 epoxy matrix is a toughened material designed to enhance the fracture resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). This study presents an experimental characterization of the shear and interlaminar properties required for validating computational damage models of hybrid laminated composite panels manufactured with the M21 material system. In-plane shear behavior was evaluated using ±45 (PM45) tests, while interlaminar fracture properties were characterized through double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests. The results demonstrate that hybrid laminates exhibit high interfacial fracture toughness, with notably increased resistance observed in woven–woven and unidirectional–woven interface pairs. Parametric studies identified cohesive strength and fracture energy as the dominant parameters governing delamination behavior in numerical simulations. Corresponding values were extracted for each interface type, enabling accurate representation of damage initiation and propagation in finite element models. To the authors’ knowledge, this work provides the first experimental dataset for the listed M21-based hybrid unidirectional–woven and woven–woven interfaces, establishing a benchmark for future modeling and simulation of toughened composite structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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14 pages, 4282 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Plant Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment

by Cho-Sin Nicole Chan, Wing-Yu Chan, Sun-Pui Ng, Chi-Wai Kan, Wang-Kin Chiu and Cheuk-Him Ng

Materials 2026, 19(3), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030504 - 27 Jan 2026

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Abstract

This research investigates the effects of corona plasma treatment on the mechanical properties of jute/epoxy-reinforced composites, particularly within biomedical application contexts. Plant Fibre Composites (PFCs) are attractive for medical devices and scaffolds due to their environmental friendliness, renewability, cost-effectiveness, low density, and high [...] Read more.

This research investigates the effects of corona plasma treatment on the mechanical properties of jute/epoxy-reinforced composites, particularly within biomedical application contexts. Plant Fibre Composites (PFCs) are attractive for medical devices and scaffolds due to their environmental friendliness, renewability, cost-effectiveness, low density, and high specific strength. However, their applications are often constrained by inferior mechanical performance arising from poor bonding between the plant fibre used as the reinforcement and the synthetic resin or polymer serving as the matrix. This study addresses the challenge of improving the weak interfacial bonding between plant fibre and synthetic resin in a 2/2 twill-weave-woven jute/epoxy composite material. The surface of the jute fibre is modified for better adhesion with the epoxy resin through plasma treatment, which exposes the jute fibre to controlled plasma energy and utilises dry air (plasma only), argon (Ar) (argon gas with plasma), and nitrogen (N₂) (nitrogen gas with plasma) at two different distances (25 mm and 35 mm) between the plasma nozzle and the fibre surface. In this context, “equilibrium” refers to the optimal combination of plasma power, treatment distance, and gas environment that collectively determines the degree of fibre surface modification. The results indicate that all plasma treatments improve the interlaminar shear strength in comparison to untreated samples, with treatments at 35 mm using N₂ gas showing a 35.4% increase in shear strength. Conversely, plasma treatment using dry air at 25 mm yields an 18.3% increase in tensile strength and a 35.7% increase in Young’s modulus. These findings highlight the importance of achieving an appropriate equilibrium among plasma intensity, treatment distance, and fibre–plasma interaction conditions to maximise the effectiveness of plasma treatment for jute/epoxy composites. This research advances sustainable innovation in biomedical materials, underscoring the potential for improved mechanical properties in environmentally friendly fibre-reinforced composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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19 pages, 3682 KB

Open AccessArticle

Performance of Cementitious Composites with Nanofibrillated Cellulose and High-Volume Slag

by Tasnia Ahmed, Sanduni Wijesinghe, Mohammed El-Gendy, Ahmed Elshaer, Omar Awayssa and Ahmed Bediwy

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031259 - 27 Jan 2026

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Abstract

In this study, the effects of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on the performance of cementitious composites have been explored. The composite mixtures contained cement that was replaced by 40% slag to prepare a high-performance composite, along with fine aggregate and NFC. The air content [...] Read more.

In this study, the effects of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on the performance of cementitious composites have been explored. The composite mixtures contained cement that was replaced by 40% slag to prepare a high-performance composite, along with fine aggregate and NFC. The air content reduced drastically in the presence of NFC; hence, air entraining admixture (AEA) was added to maintain the criteria of CSA A23.1. In total, eight mixtures were tested with varying dosages of NFC of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%, where four mixtures contained AEA. Different properties such as fresh (slump flow, air content), mechanical (compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength), and durability (rapid chloride penetration, rapid chloride migration, bulk resistivity, resistance against freeze–thaw) have been investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of NFC with high-volume slag after 7 and 28 days. The microstructure of the composites and the distribution of the nanofibers within the paste are also studied by using SEM images. The results revealed that NFC improved the specimen’s splitting strength, flexural strength, and durability. Splitting tensile strength increased by up to 50% at 0.75% NFC, while flexural strength improved by 162% at 0.5% dosage. A negative impact on the compressive, flexural, and durability properties was observed for the 0.75% dosage of NFC due to fiber agglomeration, whereas the 0.5% dosage exhibited the best overall performance. The optimum NFC dosage is found to be 0.25–0.5% which yields a high-strength and durable composite. This research will provide an understanding of the effect of air concentration and NFC on cementitious composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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22 pages, 8616 KB

Open AccessReview

Research Frontiers in Numerical Simulation and Mechanical Modeling of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Bibliometric Analysis and Hotspot Trends from 2000 to 2025

by Shifu Wang, Changxing Zhang, Biao Xia, Meiqian Wang, Zhiyi Tang and Wei Xu

Materials 2026, 19(2), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020414 - 21 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and fracture toughness, making them superior to traditional metals and single-phase ceramics in extreme environments such as aerospace, nuclear energy equipment, and high-temperature protection systems. The mechanical properties of CMCs directly influence the [...] Read more.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and fracture toughness, making them superior to traditional metals and single-phase ceramics in extreme environments such as aerospace, nuclear energy equipment, and high-temperature protection systems. The mechanical properties of CMCs directly influence the reliability and service life of structures; thus, accurately predicting their mechanical response and service behavior has become a core issue in current research. However, the multi-phase heterogeneity of CMCs leads to highly complex stress distribution and deformation behavior in traditional mechanical property testing, resulting in significant uncertainty in the measurement of key mechanical parameters such as strength and modulus. Additionally, the high manufacturing cost and limited experimental data further constrain material design and performance evaluation based on experimental data. Therefore, the development of effective numerical simulation and mechanical modeling methods is crucial. This paper provides an overview of the research hotspots and future directions in the field of CMCs numerical simulation and mechanical modeling through bibliometric analysis using the CiteSpace software. The analysis reveals that China, the United States, and France are the leading research contributors in this field, with 422, 157, and 71 publications and 6170, 3796, and 2268 citations, respectively. At the institutional level, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (166 publications; 1700 citations), Northwestern Polytechnical University (72; 1282), and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (49; 1657) lead in publication volume and/or citation influence. Current research hotspots focus on finite element modeling, continuum damage mechanics, multiscale modeling, and simulations of high-temperature service behavior. In recent years, emerging research frontiers such as interface debonding mechanism modeling, acoustic emission monitoring and damage correlation, multiphysics coupling simulations, and machine learning-driven predictive modeling reflect the shift in CMCs research, from traditional experimental mechanics and analytical methods to intelligent and predictive modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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21 pages, 5074 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Waste Powders of Tuff Manufactured Sand on Characteristics of Highly Ductile Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composite

by Tao Liu, Youjia Wang, Bentian Yu, Shikai Ji, Kai Wang and Fangling Wang

Materials 2026, 19(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020296 - 12 Jan 2026

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Abstract

In this paper, a highly ductile polyvinyl alcohol fiber engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) was developed by replacing quartz sand (QS) with tuff stone powder (TP) at different replacement ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The resulting mechanical properties and drying shrinkage [...] Read more.

In this paper, a highly ductile polyvinyl alcohol fiber engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) was developed by replacing quartz sand (QS) with tuff stone powder (TP) at different replacement ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The resulting mechanical properties and drying shrinkage were determined for the developed ECC. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of hydration products, pore structure, and micro-morphology of ECC were conducted by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pore size and porosity, and scanning electron microscopic imaging. The influencing mechanism of tuff stone powder content on ECC performance was also studied at a micro level. It was found that with the increase in the replacement ratio of tuff stone powder, the ultimate tensile strain and tensile peak stress of ECC all exhibited an increasing trend, which declined afterward. The variation in compressive and flexural strengths also showed a similar pattern. When the replacement ratio of tuff stone powder was 40%, the ultimate tensile strain, peak tensile stress, flexural strength, and compressive strength were higher than the control group by 15.1%, 4.7%, 16.3%, and 10.7%, respectively. When the content of tuff stone powder did not exceed 80%, it could fill the internal pores of the ECC matrix, which reduced harmful pores. With the increase in tuff stone powder content, calcite content increases gradually while the Ca(OH)₂ amount decreases. It can be seen that tuff stone powder can improve ECC hydration products. However, incorporating tuff stone powder does not produce new hydration products. Incorporating tuff stone powder increased the drying shrinkage of ECC, and the value of drying shrinkage increased with the increase in the replacement ratio of tuff stone powder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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20 pages, 14945 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Transport Law and Corrosion Behavior of Sulfate Ions of a Solution Soaking FA-PMPC Paste

by Yuying Hou, Qiang Xu, Tao Li, Sha Sa, Yante Mao, Caiqiang Xiong, Xiamin Hu, Kan Xu and Jianming Yang

Materials 2026, 19(1), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010202 - 5 Jan 2026

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Abstract

To study the sulfate corrosion behavior of potassium magnesium phosphate cement (PMPC) paste, the sulfate content, strength, and length of PMPC specimens were measured at different corrosion ages under 5% Na₂SO₄ solution soaking conditions, and the phase composition and microstructure [...] Read more.

To study the sulfate corrosion behavior of potassium magnesium phosphate cement (PMPC) paste, the sulfate content, strength, and length of PMPC specimens were measured at different corrosion ages under 5% Na₂SO₄ solution soaking conditions, and the phase composition and microstructure were analyzed. The conclusion is as follows: In PMPC specimens subjected to one-dimensional SO₄²⁻ corrosion, the relation between the diffusion depth of SO₄²⁻ (h) and the SO₄²⁻ concentration (c (h, t)) can be referred by a polynomial very well. The sulfate diffusion coefficient (D) of PMPC specimens was one order of magnitude lower than Portland cement concrete (on the order of 10⁻⁷ mm²/s). The surface SO₄²⁻ concentration c (0, t), the SO₄²⁻ computed corrosion depth h₀₀, and D of FM2 specimen containing 20% fly ash (FA) were all less than those of the FM0 specimen (reference). At 360-day immersion ages, the c (0, 360 d) and h₀₀ in FM2 were obviously smaller than those in FM0, and the D of FM2 was 64.2% of FM0. The strengths of FM2 specimens soaked for 2 days (the benchmark strength) were greater than those of FM0 specimens. At 360-day immersion ages, the residual flexural/compressive strength ratios (360-day strength/benchmark strength) of FM0 and FM2 specimens were all larger than 95%. The volume linear expansion rates (S_n) of PMPC specimens continued to increase with the immersion age, and S_n of FM2 specimen was only 49.5% of that of the FM0 specimen at 360-day immersion ages. The results provide an experimental basis for the application of PMPC-based materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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16 pages, 4633 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Mn-Doped ZnFe₂O₄ Ferrites on Structural Changes and Magneto-Optical Behavior in Nematic Liquid Crystals

by Peter Bury, Marek Veveričík, František Černobila, Hima Patel, Ramesh V. Upadhyay, Kinnari Parekh, Veronika Lacková, Michal Rajnak, Ivo Šafařík, Koryun Oganesyan, Milan Timko and Peter Kopčanský

Materials 2025, 18(24), 5660; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245660 - 17 Dec 2025

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Abstract

The effect of Mn-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles at a low volume concentration (1 × 10⁻⁴) on structural changes in the nematic liquid crystals 6CHBT and 5CB, induced by weak magnetic fields, was investigated using surface acoustic wave (SAW) and light transmission [...] Read more.

The effect of Mn-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles at a low volume concentration (1 × 10⁻⁴) on structural changes in the nematic liquid crystals 6CHBT and 5CB, induced by weak magnetic fields, was investigated using surface acoustic wave (SAW) and light transmission (LT) techniques. Structural changes caused by the applied magnetic field, in both increasing and decreasing modes, as well as after pulsed changes, were examined by measuring the responses of SAW attenuation and LT using a linearly polarized laser beam. The influence of nanoparticle shape (rods, needles, and clusters) and temperature on the structural changes was investigated. A shift in the threshold field and the transition temperature was observed. In addition, the magnetic properties of the individual samples in powder form were examined using M–H curves, M–T curves, and XRD patterns. The results obtained from all measurements are compared, and the effectiveness of each technique, considering the influence of nanoparticle shape and suspension stability, was evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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23 pages, 8989 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Novel Composite Materials with Radiation Shielding Properties for Electronic Encapsulation

by Carla Ortiz Sánchez, Juan José Medina Del Barrio, Gonzalo Fernández Romero, Ángel Yedra Martínez, Paula Ruiz Losada and Luis Alejandro Arriaga Arellano

Materials 2025, 18(24), 5564; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245564 - 11 Dec 2025

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Abstract

It is well known that the space radiation environment, which has contributions from the trapped particles within the Van Allen belts, solar energetic particles (SEPs) and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), directly influences space systems. These systems rely on complex and fragile electronic devices, [...] Read more.

It is well known that the space radiation environment, which has contributions from the trapped particles within the Van Allen belts, solar energetic particles (SEPs) and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), directly influences space systems. These systems rely on complex and fragile electronic devices, whose performance can be degraded because of the action of the radiation and its related phenomena: single-event effects (SEEs), displacement damages (DDs) and total ionizing dose (TID). This could cause failures to arise through various mechanisms, ranging from parametric drift failures, such as leakage current and threshold voltage, among others, to destructive effects, like single-event burnout (SEB) or single-event latch-up (SEL). These failures in electronics affect the system’s reliability and its performance, which could compromise the mission’s success. Considering this, the main objective of the SRPROTEC project is to develop and validate new composite materials with better shielding performance against space radiation to increase the radiation tolerance of microelectronic devices encapsulated with these materials. For this purpose, three composites will be synthesized using a liquid epoxy resin filled with silica as a matrix mixed in different proportions, with a high-Z filler. The presence of low-Z elements from the high hydrogen content in the polymer and the presence of high-Z fillers are expected to produce a material with good radiation shielding properties. The developed materials will be exhaustively characterized, subjecting the three composites and control samples to rheological outgassing; gamma radiation shielding; and thermal, electrical, thermomechanical and moisture absorption, among other tests. Finally, the composite with the best performance will be selected and subjected to degradation tests (thermal cycling in vacuum, thermal cycling, thermal shock and relative humidity tests) to determine its suitability for space packaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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14 pages, 8738 KB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Cation-Substituted Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2−xMe_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (Me = Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn) W-Type Hexagonal Ferrites

by Jae-Hee Heo and Young-Min Kang

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9586; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179586 - 30 Aug 2025

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Abstract

W-type hexaferrites with compositions Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2-xMe_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (Me = Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn; x = 1) and Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2−xMn_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (x [...] Read more.

W-type hexaferrites with compositions Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2-xMe_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (Me = Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn; x = 1) and Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2−xMn_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (x = 0–2.0) were synthesized via solid-state reaction and optimized using a two-step calcination process to obtain single-phase or nearly single-phase structures. Their electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties were investigated by fabricating composites with 10 wt% epoxy and measuring the complex permittivity and permeability across two frequency bands: 0.1–18 GHz and 26.5–40 GHz. Reflection loss (RL) was calculated and visualized as two-dimensional (2D) maps with respect to frequency and sample thickness. In the 0.1–18 GHz range, only the Co-substituted sample exhibited strong ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and broadband absorption, achieving a minimum RL of −41.5 dB at 4.84 GHz and a −10 dB bandwidth of 11.8 GHz. In contrast, the other Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Zn_2-xMe_xFe₁₆O₂₇ samples (Me = Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu) showed no significant absorption in this range due to the absence of FMR. However, all these samples clearly exhibited FMR characteristics and distinct absorption peaks in the 26.5–40 GHz range, particularly the Mn-substituted series, which demonstrated RL values below −10 dB over the 32.0–40 GHz range with absorber thicknesses below 1 mm. The FMR frequency varied depending on the substitution type and amount. In the Mn-substituted series, the FMR frequency was lowest at x = 1.0 and increased as x deviated from this composition. This study confirms the potential of Co-free W-type hexaferrites as efficient, cost-effective, and broadband EM wave absorbers in the 26.5–40 GHz range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composite Materials)

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