Search Results (9,598)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) remains a significant pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The emergence of drug-resistant strains necessitates alternative therapeutic agents. Lentinula edodes (LE), Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Pleurotus eryngii are edible mushrooms with recognized medicinal properties. However, their effects on drug-resistant HSV-1 remain unclear. This study characterized metabolites from high-temperature/high-pressure (121 °C) water extracts of fresh and dried fruiting bodies and evaluated anti-HSV-1 activities using in vitro and in silico approaches. Metabolic profiles were analyzed by electrospray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 KOS (wild-type) and HSV-1 dxpiii (drug-resistant) strains was assessed by plaque assays and qPCR. Molecular docking and network pharmacology were performed on candidate compounds. LE extract from dried mushroom tended to show the highest levels of selected major bioactive constituents, along with greater antioxidant activities. All extracts significantly inhibited viral infection and gene expression in both strains. LE extract from dried mushroom modulated the expression of NFKB1 and IL6. Molecular docking analysis revealed that eritanidine showed a predicted binding affinity to HSV-1 DNA polymerase (−7.95 kcal/mol). Additionally, eritanidine, 5′-methylthioadenosine, and 3-indoleacrylic acid were predicted to interact with TNF and MAPK1. Several compounds also demonstrated favorable drug-likeness properties. Overall, these mushroom extracts are promising natural sources of antiviral agents against HSV-1, including drug-resistant variants. Full article

The corrosion phenomenon can cause negative allergic and cytotoxic reactions in the human body, inflammation, and, in the future, the development of cancer. Their sources may be corrosion products, metal ions released during the corrosion process, and galvanic currents that penetrate the surrounding tissues. In order to avoid the negative effects of using metal alloys, their surface can be modified by applying coatings. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the amount of ion release from Si(C,N) coatings with varying carbon and nitrogen contents, as well as from the uncoated substrate alloy (Group A) in various aqueous environments. Si(C,N) coatings were applied to the surface of the prosthetic alloy. Si(C,N) coatings with different carbon and nitrogen contents were deposited using the reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) method. The research included determining the amount of ions released into the environment: distilled water, 0.9% NaCl and artificial saliva. Assessments were made at 10, 30 and 90 days. All tested Si(C,N) coatings significantly limit the amount of metal ions in the surrounding medium. Due to the lack of statistically significant differences in the number of ions released by individual coatings, when selecting them, other properties related to the operating conditions of the elements should also be taken into account. Full article

In the northern Sichuan Basin, distant from the main body of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), marine deposits of the Wujiaping Formation from the Permian period contain widely distributed tuffs of varying thicknesses. To clarify the genesis of these tuffs and their relationship with the ELIP, this study conducted field measurements and sample collection at the Daliang Section, Wangcang County, and the Qiaoting Section, Nanjiang County, of the northern Sichuan Basin and compared them with basalts and tuffs from Well DY1 in a minor basaltic eruption zone in the northern Sichuan Basin. The results indicate that tuffs from the Daliang and Qiaoting Sections of the northern Sichuan Basin exhibit high Al₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios (23.65–39.55) and significant depletion of Eu, Ba, and Sr elements. These characteristics suggest that their origin is linked to multiphase felsic volcanic activity within the ELIP and formation in an intraplate extensional setting. The basalts and tuffs developed at Well DY1 share the same low Al₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios (4.02–4.97), similar to the Emeishan basalts. In the Zr-Ti, Zr/Sc-Th/Sc, Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂, and Zr/TiO₂-SiO₂ diagram plots, they fall within the basalt range, indicating that the tuffs at Well DY1 originated from the mid-ELIP eruption of basic basalt. In contrast to the felsic nature of the tuffs at Well DY1, the northern Sichuan Basin lacks records of such basic–alkaline igneous eruptions, suggesting that the influence of basalt eruptions in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is limited and does not affect the Wujiaping Formation in the northern Sichuan Basin. There is a positive correlation between volcanic activity and the total organic carbon (TOC) content of black siliceous rocks and siliceous shales in the Wujiaping Formation of northern Sichuan. The acid volcanic eruptions from Emeishan likely also played a key role in the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the deep-water continental shelf areas of the Wujiaping Formation in the northern Sichuan Basin. Full article

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress, leading to severe systemic complications. Medicinal plants rich in polyphenolic compounds have gained increasing attention as complementary therapeutic agents. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the chemical composition, as well as the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects of Polygonum persicaria and Vaccinium myrtillus in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Although Vaccinium myrtillus has been more extensively investigated for its antidiabetic potential, the pharmacological relevance of Polygonum persicaria in diabetes remains insufficiently characterized, particularly in direct comparison with a recognized phytotherapeutic comparator. Methods: Hydroalcoholic tinctures prepared from Polygonum persicaria L. herb and Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves were subjected to phytochemical analysis using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) for the identification of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids, alongside spectrophotometric determination of total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Experimental diabetes was induced in CD1 mice by streptozotocin administration. Animals were treated orally for 35 days, and glycemic parameters, lipid profile, body weight, food and water intake, and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, TAC, and GPx) were evaluated. Results: HPTLC/CSS screening indicated the presence of rutin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in Polygonum persicaria, while Vaccinium myrtillus showed stronger densitometric signals for phenolcarboxylic acid-type compounds, particularly chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content were also higher in Vaccinium myrtillus (433.89 ± 8.67 mg/L GAE; 154.38 ± 3.08 mg/L QE) compared to Polygonum persicaria (269.28 ± 5.25 mg/L GAE; 132.75 ± 2.65 mg/L QE). Functionally, Vaccinium myrtillus demonstrated a significant antihyperglycemic effect from day 14 (p = 0.009) and improved lipid parameters, while Polygonum persicaria showed a delayed glycemic effect, significant only at day 35 (p = 0.014), without significant hypolipidemic activity. In contrast, Polygonum persicaria exerted a marked antioxidant effect, significantly increasing GPx activity (p = 0.025) and reducing MDA levels (p = 0.053). Conclusions: Vaccinium myrtillus showed stronger antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, while Polygonum persicaria was mainly associated with antioxidant-related biochemical changes. These differences may be influenced by phytochemical composition, but they cannot be attributed solely to total polyphenol or flavonoid content. Full article

The production of inexpensive, effective sorbents from natural materials for the purification of water bodies and/or soils is a pressing problem. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to summarize current approaches to the use of brown coal (lignite) and its processing products (humic acids, HAs) as sorbents for the purification of aqueous and soil environments from heavy metal ions and other pollutants. Modification of lignite (chemical, biological, physicochemical) or the creation of lignite–mineral composites significantly increases its sorption capacity and stability: after modification, the sorption capacity can reach more than 85 mg of heavy metals per g of sorbent, which is only 3 times lower than that of specialized, expensive sorbents. Also, good results are achieved in the case of sorption of water-soluble organic drugs, dyes, etc. Humic acids obtained from brown coal have better selectivity and efficiency than the original lignite, and slightly worse than the modified one, in terms of removing cadmium, lead, copper, and other toxic elements; and also, can complex with organic xenobiotics. Current research trends indicate growing interest in multifunctional composite sorbents, environmentally friendly extraction technologies, and the development of materials with enhanced selectivity and regeneration ability. Future studies should focus on improving the understanding of sorption mechanisms, optimizing modification strategies, scaling up lignite-based technologies for practical environmental applications, and developing waste-free technologies to produce sorbents from lignite. Full article

Background: Anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are widely used in the treatment of breast cancer; however, their effects on body composition and fluid distribution are not fully elucidated. Conventional assessment methods are often insufficient to distinguish true tissue changes from treatment-related fluid shifts. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in body composition and fluid distribution during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The secondary objective was to investigate the impact of anthracycline and docetaxel exposure on these changes and to identify patterns suggestive of masked sarcopenia. Methods: This prospective, single-center, longitudinal observational study was conducted between October 2024 and October 2025. Follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months were completed by October 2025. A total of 51 female breast cancer patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy were evaluated using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BCM^®). Measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio (E/I), lean tissue mass (LTM), adipose tissue mass (ATM), and volume status were analyzed longitudinally and according to treatment exposure. Results: The cohort consisted of 51 women (median age, 55 years), of whom 70.6% were postmenopausal, and the majority had stage II–III disease. While TBW remained stable, significant alterations in fluid distribution and body composition were observed. ECW increased, and ICW decreased, resulting in a significant rise in the E/I ratio. LTM declined significantly, particularly during the first 3 months, whereas ATM showed a gradual increase. Volume status increased progressively over time, indicating fluid accumulation. Anthracycline exposure was associated with greater reductions in LTM, while docetaxel treatment was linked to significant increases in extracellular fluid and volume, especially during the 3–6-month interval. At 6 months, a median increase of +1100 mL in volume was observed alongside a decrease in muscle mass (−1.4 kg), consistent with a pattern of masked sarcopenia. Conclusions: Chemotherapy in breast cancer patients is associated with concurrent muscle loss and fluid redistribution, which may obscure clinically relevant changes in body composition. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy enables differentiation between fluid and tissue compartments and provides a more accurate assessment than conventional methods. Early recognition of these changes may facilitate timely nutritional support and appropriate fluid management strategies. Full article

Seasonal thermal stratification in deep reservoirs easily causes bottom hypoxia and a sharp decrease in oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), leading to the pulsed release of internal phosphorus from sediments. Under climate warming, this has become a hot issue for sustainable reservoir eutrophication control. Taking the Quanmin Reservoir in Southwest China as the research object, this study combined high-resolution profile monitoring and a Box–Behnken response surface experiment to construct a semi-empirical model coupling redox threshold effect and Arrhenius kinetics. Results showed that during thermal stratification, the water body below 18 m formed a significant redox gradient, resulting in a 21-fold vertical difference in phosphorus concentration. The response surface experiment confirmed that ORP dominates phosphorus release, and the temperature (T) effect is strictly redox-dependent: warming only promotes phosphorus release under anaerobic conditions (−50 mV), with a 26% increase in release amount when temperature rises from 10 °C to 30 °C, while temperature has a negligible effect under aerobic conditions (+30 mV). Model fitting yielded an ORP critical threshold of −17.2 ± 4.8 mV and a normalized steepness of 0.033 mV⁻¹, indicating joint control by diffusion and reaction. Based on these results, a synergistic regulatory mechanism of redox threshold and temperature was proposed, providing a quantitative basis for reservoir eutrophication management under climate warming. Maintaining ORP above −17 mV through bottom aeration can effectively block internal phosphorus release from the redox threshold perspective, though practical in situ application is constrained by aeration-induced water mixing and microbial variations, and such precise redox control may save energy, supporting the sustainability of reservoir ecosystems and long-term water quality security. Full article

Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is an aqueous solution containing dissolved molecular hydrogen. This study evaluated its effects on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under acute low-temperature stress. A total of 480 juveniles (2.4 ± 0.5 g) were randomly assigned to four groups: the control group was reared in standard water; the treatment groups were exposed to different hydrogen concentrations, specifically H1 (0.3 mg/L), H2 (0.5 mg/L), and H3 (0.9 mg/L). The fry were reared at 26 ± 0.5 °C for 30 days, followed by acute low-temperature stress (11 ± 0.5 °C) for 48 h. Samples were collected at 0, 8, 24, and 48 h. Results showed that after 30 days of HRW rearing, the final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF) of the H1 group were significantly increased, while the H3 group only increased CF. No significant differences were observed in hepatopancreas somatic index (HSI) and survival rate (SR) among groups. Acute low-temperature stress induced liver and intestinal damage, which were alleviated in the H1 group. The H1 group exhibited significantly increased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in the liver, as well as CAT and SOD in the intestine and gills, while reducing MDA levels, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity. The H1 group significantly upregulated the antioxidant genes expression (sod, cat, and gsh-px mRNA levels) in the liver and gills but downregulated them in the intestine. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that HRW increased intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of Bacillota. In conclusion, the H1 group significantly improved growth performance, mitigated acute low-temperature damage, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and increased the relative abundance of Bacillota in the intestines. This provides an innovative, safe, and effective solution for aquaculture industries confronting low-temperature challenges. Full article

River ecological restoration in lowland plain basins is often constrained by fragmented river networks, degraded riparian zones, eutrophication risk, and intensive human disturbance. Conventional monitoring approaches rarely connect watershed-scale dynamics with responses from typical restoration units, limiting quantitative evaluation and the separation of direct project outcomes from broader environmental variability. To address this gap, this study developed a collaborative satellite–unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)–unmanned surface vehicle (USV) monitoring framework and applied it to the Nihe River Basin, China, a lowland plain river undergoing systematic restoration under the Shan-shui Initiative. The framework combines Sentinel-2 time-series imagery, high-resolution Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2, and Jilin-1 imagery, UAV orthophotos, USV observations, and auxiliary environmental datasets. Unlike single-scale monitoring approaches, it links watershed-scale indicators, including water-body dynamics, chlorophyll-related eutrophication risk, riparian ecological background, and soil-water conservation capacity, with unit-scale diagnosis of riparian buffer and riverine wetland restoration. Results showed that river water-body area increased from 37.78 km² to 40.59 km² during 2021–2024, while normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI)-based eutrophication risk improved in 9.12% of the monitored river area and degraded in only 0.47%. Riparian vegetation cover remained high, whereas regional soil-water conservation capacity declined due to climatic factors, revealing asynchronous responses between local recovery and regional background conditions. At the unit scale, riparian buffer restoration enhanced buffer continuity and near-bank water quality, as reflected by decreased chemical oxygen demand (COD), increased dissolved oxygen (DO), and limited ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) improvement. Riverine wetland restoration promoted land-use adjustment and ecological spatial reorganization. This cross-scale evidence chain supports adaptive management of inland river and wetland restoration projects. Full article

Tropical estuaries are socioeconomically important yet highly vulnerable environments. In the eastern Amazon, the Pará River Estuary (PRE) and adjacent water bodies support the city of Belém and are increasingly affected by environmental pressures but remain underrepresented in numerical modeling efforts. The influence of key input parameters on hydrodynamic model performance in these systems remains poorly characterized, hindering the development of reliable simulation tools for this region. We present the calibration and validation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the PRE, Guajará Bay, and the Guamá River, examining how parameters such as bathymetry, roughness, and tidal and discharge forcings influence model performance. Delft3D-FM was applied using tidal harmonics and seasonal river discharge as primary forcings, with model skill evaluated against observed water levels and discharge across ten seasonally distinct scenarios over seven calibration iterations. Tidal forcing and bathymetric representation emerged as the dominant performance drivers: replacing global tidal datasets with locally derived harmonics substantially reduced simulation errors, and bathymetric refinements also improved discharge representation. Final performance met established satisfactory thresholds at the majority of observation points and cross-sections. The calibrated model provides a basis for investigating processes governed by local hydrodynamics, such as water quality assessments, contaminant dispersion, and infrastructure planning. Full article

Microwave-based remote sensing possesses the capability to penetrate through atmospheric obstructions such as cloud layers and fog, making it extensively utilized for estimating parameters including soil water content, atmospheric moisture levels, and terrestrial surface temperatures. Extended temporal datasets serve as fundamental requirements for climatological investigations; however, individual satellite operational lifespans remain constrained and prove inadequate for establishing multi-decade temporal sequences. Consequently, conducting comparative analyses and implementing cross-calibration procedures across measurements obtained from distinct sensors exhibiting comparable operational features becomes imperative. The FengYun (FY)-3G spacecraft, deployed into orbit during April 2023, hosts China’s most recent orbiting microwave radiometric instrument, designated as the Microwave Radiation Imager–Rainfall Mission (MWRI-RM). The FY-3G satellite’s unique drifting equator crossing time orbit plays a critical role in the calibration behavior of the MWRI-RM instrument, representing a key novelty of this study. The reliability of its brightness temperature (TB) observations has attracted considerable attention. Within this investigation, we conduct comparative assessments of orbital TB observations acquired from FY-3G/MWRI-RM against corresponding measurements obtained from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) installed on the Global Change Observation Mission–Water 1 (GCOM-W1) platform, and establish a straightforward linear inter-calibration methodology. Both sensing systems show strong consistency, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9 for all corresponding channels and systematic biases ranging from −1.40 K to −0.14 K. FY-3G/MWRI-RM generally reports lower TB values than GCOM-W1/AMSR2. The inter-sensor differences vary with frequency, land cover type, and TB range. Larger negative biases are mainly observed at 23.8 GHz and over water bodies, whereas the biases at 89 GHz are generally close to zero for most surface types. Latitude-dependent TB biases are most evident at 10.65 and 18.7 GHz, especially for vertical polarization at high latitudes, while orbit-dependent differences are more pronounced for vertically polarized low- and mid-frequency channels. After applying an inter-calibration procedure using AMSR2 as the reference, the agreement between FY-3G/MWRI-RM and GCOM-W1/AMSR2 is improved substantially, with mean biases below 0.25 K and RMSE values below 2 K for all channels. Validation using independent datasets further supports the stability of the calibration. The calibrated FY-3G/MWRI-RM TB data provide a basis for constructing long-term passive microwave brightness temperature records and for retrieving land and atmospheric parameters. Full article

To determine the optimal water temperature range for artificial breeding and early development of Osteochilus salsburyi, six water temperature gradients (14, 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) were set to systematically investigate the effects of water temperature on artificial reproduction efficiency, embryonic development, the morphology of newly hatched larvae, larval growth performance, and the timing of organ development in O. salsburyi. The results showed that the spawning induction rate of O. salsburyi reached 100% at 14–30 °C. The fertilization rate and hatching rate peaked at 18–22 °C, and no fertilization was completed at 34 °C. The malformation rates of embryos and larvae showed a U-shaped change, with the lowest malformation rate at 18 °C, and the teratogenic effect of high-temperature stress was more significant. The embryonic development rate was significantly negatively correlated with water temperature, and the development duration was significantly shortened with increasing water temperature. Embryonic development was arrested and all embryos died at 34 °C, while hatching could be completed at 14 °C but with an excessively long cycle. The morphological indicators of newly hatched larvae showed differentiated sensitivity to water temperature; total length, pre-anal length, and body height were highly sensitive indicators, and larvae exhibited balanced and robust morphological development at 18–22 °C. The larval survival rate first increased and then decreased with increasing water temperature, reaching the highest rate at 22–26 °C. The absolute growth increment, relative growth increment, and specific growth rate (SGR) continued to increase with increasing water temperature. The timing of larval organ differentiation and behavioral development was significantly advanced with increasing water temperature. Late organ development of larvae was blocked at 14 °C, only early development was completed at 34°C, and the internal and external organs of larvae developed completely and in an orderly manner at 18–30 °C. In summary, the optimal water temperature for artificial breeding and early development of O. salsburyi is 18–26 °C, among which 18–22 °C is the best for artificial reproduction and 22–26 °C is optimal for larval rearing. The results can provide a scientific basis for the precise regulation of water temperature in large-scale seedling production of O. salsburyi. Full article

With the accelerated pace of urbanization, the substantial reduction in natural vegetation, water bodies, and wetlands has disrupted ecosystem structures, leading to significant declines in biodiversity. Blue-green spaces play a crucial role in maintaining urban habitat quality and supporting species diversity. As a sensitive indicator group to changes in the ecological environment, spatial variations in bird richness can provide important insights into changes in urban ecosystems and habitats. Therefore, a systematic investigation of the relationship between the landscape patterns of blue-green spaces and bird richness in ecologically complex regions is of great significance for achieving sustainable urban development and biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on Southwest China, utilizing bird richness data and blue-green space landscape pattern indicators. By integrating Random Forest (RF) models with Shapley (SHAP) methods, it quantitatively analyzes the relationship between blue-green space landscape patterns and bird richness in typical complex ecological regions. Results indicate nonlinear associations between blue-green landscape patterns and bird richness, with green spaces exerting a stronger overall influence than blue spaces. Edge density (ED) in green spaces demonstrated markedly higher feature importance than other landscape indicators. Within green spaces, ED and class area (CA) showed stronger associations with bird richness, while within blue spaces, CA and Percentage of Landscape (PLAND) provided more prominent explanatory power for bird richness. By clarifying the nonlinear responses and differentiated roles of blue and green landscape patterns, this study provides quantitative evidence for optimizing blue-green spatial planning and promoting biodiversity conservation in ecologically complex regions. Full article

Chondrichthyans are among the most threatened vertebrate groups worldwide, yet their ecology and long-term trajectories remain poorly understood in data-limited regions such as the Mediterranean Sea. This study used Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) provided by fishers to investigate perception-based temporal changes in the reported composition of chondrichthyan taxa across Italian waters. A total of 57 semi-structured interviews were conducted across multiple Geographical Sub-Areas, collecting information on reported taxon occurrence, perceived abundance trends, and temporal contrasts between earlier and more recent phases of fishers’ careers. Overall, 35 taxa were reported. The number of taxa reported was significantly higher for the present than for the past. Rather than indicating a real increase in biodiversity, this pattern is more plausibly interpreted as a shift in ecological perception, potentially influenced by shifting baselines, changes in detectability, evolving fishing practices, and improved taxonomic awareness. Taxon-level analyses showed contrasting patterns, with some taxa increasing in reporting frequency, whereas others, such as Squatina squatina, declined markedly in contemporary reports. Anecdotal recollections of large catches and large individuals were consistent with fishers’ perceptions of historically more frequent encounters and body sizes, although these accounts should be interpreted as qualitative evidence. Several frequently reported taxa are currently classified as threatened, highlighting a mismatch between perceived commonness and conservation status. These findings show that LEK primarily reflects ecological perception and memory and should therefore be integrated with conventional data sources to support chondrichthyan conservation in the Mediterranean Sea. Full article

As the growing presence of antibiotic residues in environmental water bodies poses an increasing risk to ecological safety and human health, developing simple and efficient methods for the targeted detection of antibiotics is of particular importance. In this study, we propose a simple method for the one-step hydrothermal synthesis of N, S-co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) using disulfide bonds from discarded badminton shuttlecocks. We investigated the effects of different synthesis temperatures on its performance and confirmed the method’s excellent performance in detecting tetracycline (TC) concentrations, with results demonstrating that varying synthesis temperatures affect the degree and distribution of carbonization, thereby influencing fluorescence intensity. Consequently, employing N, S-CDs-180, which exhibits optimal photoluminescence properties, as the sensing probe for the detection of TC solutions at varying concentrations yielded an excellent linear equation for fluorescence quenching and the detection limit is 1.963 mg/L. Additionally, the fluorescence stability of N,S-CDs-180 was investigated in laboratory water, tap water, seawater, lake water, and industrial wastewater, all of which demonstrated exceptional environmental adaptability. Furthermore, a systematic investigation into the target selectivity of N, S-CDs-180 toward various antibiotics revealed that this material exhibits a sensitive quenching response specifically to tetracycline-class antibiotics while showing no quenching effect on non-tetracycline antibiotics, collectively indicating that the as-prepared N, S-CDs can serve as potential fluorescent probes for the highly selective detection of tetracycline-class antibiotics in complex aqueous systems. Full article