Search Results (912)

The Lower Cretaceous fan-delta sandstones in the North Yellow Sea Basin underwent a distinctive polyphase burial trajectory, offering a natural laboratory to investigate path-dependent diagenesis and its impact on reservoir quality evolution in superimposed rift basins. Integrating petrographic, cathodoluminescence, SEM, and quantitative diagenetic analysis, this study reveals an anomalously compaction-dominated diagenetic regime wherein mechanical compaction accounted for 32.1% porosity loss (ICOMPACT ~0.8) compared to only 7.4% by cementation. This anomaly is attributed to a path-dependent mechanism as follows: a >60 Ma erosional hiatus arrested early calcite cementation, leaving sandstones mechanically metastable and vulnerable to intensified anomalous re-compaction triggered by rapid reburial since ~37 Ma during the Himalayan tectonic phase (since 66 Ma). The paragenetic sequence progresses from early poikilotopic calcite precipitation to late-stage microquartz, ferroan carbonates, and illitization, with intermediate feldspar dissolution generating secondary porosity. Critically, reservoir quality exhibits strong facies-dependent heterogeneity driven by divergent diagenetic pathways. Proximal matrix-supported gravels (Gcm/Gmm) are destroyed by pseudomatrix formation, whereas channelized sandstones (St/Sp) with localized early cement frameworks are buffered against compaction and preserve enhanced porosity (12%–18%) through subsequent dissolution. Consequently, this polyphase burial history fundamentally decouples reservoir quality from maximum burial depth. Effective reservoir prediction requires a paradigm shift from conventional depth-porosity transforms to integrated diagenetic facies analysis, validated by static petrophysical and well-log signatures (e.g., elevated Th/K ratios). These findings establish a transferable genetic model for evaluating porosity preservation in analogous Mesozoic polyphase-reactivated rift basins. Full article

Despite its geodynamic significance, the northern Tyrrhenian Back-Arc Basin, characterized by a complex tectono-magmatic evolution, remains poorly investigated. We present the first geophysical characterization of the Flavia Seamount, a previously uninvestigated edifice in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, integrating new multibeam, seismic, and magnetic data. The new high-resolution bathymetric data reveal a flat, nearly circular summit and strongly asymmetric flanks. Reduced-to-the-pole magnetic anomalies exhibit a north–south polarity pattern, with positive values in the northern sector and negative values in the southern sector. Seismic data, integrated with Sparker profiles collected in 1985, reveal a flat-topped acoustic basement overlain by a ~100 m thick stratified sequence and affected by inactive east-dipping extensional faults, indicating tectonic control on the evolution of the seamount. Widespread landslide scarps and associated mass-transport deposits document recurrent gravitational instability along the flanks and within surrounding basins. Pockmark morphometry suggests distinct formation processes, with summit pockmarks controlled by fluid seepage and gravitational processes, and basin pockmarks mainly related to fluid escape from mass-transport deposits. Magnetic forward modelling constrained by seismic data provides new insights into the distribution of magnetic susceptibility bodies and the crustal architecture beneath the seamount. Results suggest that the present-day morphology of the Flavia Seamount reflects the combined effects of tectonic, sedimentary, and gravitational processes. Full article

Upper Cretaceous–Lower Paleogene successions along the southern Tethyan margin record the combined effects of global environmental perturbations, relative sea-level change, and regional tectonism. This study reconstructs paleoenvironmental and sequence-stratigraphic evolution across Maastrichtian–Ypresian strata in four Esh El-Mellaha sections, northern Eastern Desert, Egypt, using integrated lithostratigraphy, microfacies, benthic foraminiferal assemblages, faunal indices, quantitative paleodepth estimates, and sequence-stratigraphic analysis. The exposed succession comprises the Sudr, Dib, Esna, and Thebes Formations and includes intervals spanning the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary and the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Two major erosional surfaces are recognized: the Sudr/Dib boundary, associated with an incomplete K/Pg transition and a latest Maastrichtian–early Danian hiatus, and the Dib/Esna boundary, related to Late Paleocene erosion/non-deposition during the Selandian–Thanetian interval. Four benthic foraminiferal biofacies indicate deposition mainly in middle-neritic to upper bathyal settings, with pronounced shallowing during Dib Formation deposition. Foraminiferal trophic-oxygen signals indicate contrasting ecological responses, with comparatively oxygenated, low-productivity conditions in the strata bracketing the K/Pg interval and increased organic flux, dysoxia, and opportunistic infaunal taxa during the PETM. Five depositional sequences and five sequence boundaries provide a refined Maastrichtian–Ypresian framework, showing that global eustatic and environmental signals were locally modified by Syrian Arc-related accommodation changes. Full article

Granitoids in North Bangka, Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia, are an integral part of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt magmatism, yet their deformation history from crystallization through tectonic cooling remains incompletely documented. This study characterizes the petrography and reconstructs the microstructural deformation history of granitoids. Nine representative granitoid samples were collected from outcrops at Bukit Bias, Tempilang, Siangau, Mangkol, Kelapa, Jebus, Pemali, Plangas, and Menumbing (Nikon Eclipse LV100NPOL (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with NIS-Elements BR software, Basic Research Version) and modal point counting (3608 points per section) were applied to ensure a more detailed description and accurate quantification of mineral compositions. The granitoids are classified as syenogranite, monzogranite, and quartz syenite based on the QAP modal diagram. The dominant minerals are K-feldspar (24.89–54.27 vol.%), quartz (16.47–37.13 vol.%), and plagioclase (10.89–24.45 vol.%), with biotite as the femic phase. Microstructural analysis reveals three successive deformation stages: (1) a suprasolidus stage (T > 650 °C) marked by submagmatic fractures, grain boundary migration (GBM) in feldspar and chessboard pattern quartz; (2) a high-temperature subsolidus stage (650–450 °C) characterized by GBM and subgrain rotation recrystallization in quartz, myrmekite, and flame perthite; and (3) a low-temperature subsolidus stage (T < 450 °C) evidenced by undulose extinction, bulging recrystallization (BLG), deformation twins in feldspar, and kink bands in feldspar and mica. The progressive microstructural sequence demonstrates that deformation was initiated during the late magmatic stage and persisted under decreasing temperature in the solid state, indicating that the North Bangka granitoids record a prolonged history of syn- to post-magmatic deformation linked to the regional tectono-magmatic evolution of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt. These granitoids belong to the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (228–198 Ma) Klabat Granite Complex, emplaced within the Indonesian segment of the belt during the Sibumasu–Indochina collision, and the microstructural evolution documented here is consistent with this regional tectono-magmatic history. Full article

The Niukutoudong deposit, in the Qimantage metallogenic belt, western East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, is a recently discovered cobalt-rich polymetallic deposit. This study integrates zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry of the ore-hosting intrusions to constrain their emplacement ages, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting, thereby constraining the Early Devonian tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun area. The geochronological results for four samples demonstrate that the granite porphyry, granite, granodiorite, and gabbroic diorite at Niukutoudong were emplaced in the Early Devonian (403.7–406.3 Ma). Geochemically, the granite, granodiorite, and gabbroic diorite are high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous I-type granitoids, characterized by consistent enrichment in LREEs, negative Eu anomalies, enrichment in LILEs, and depletion in HFSEs. The granite porphyry, by contrast, is a peraluminous A-type granite distinguished by elevated total REE contents, pronounced negative Eu anomalies, and high HFSE abundances. The regional source characteristics of coeval intrusions, integrated with key incompatible element ratios (e.g., Nb/Ta, Ba/Nb), imply that the Early Devonian Niukutoudong intrusions were probably generated through crust–mantle interaction. Integrated evidence indicates that the Niukutoudong intrusive rocks formed in a post-collisional extensional environment following the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The mixed crust–mantle signature common to both regional and local Early Devonian intrusive rocks indicates that the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt had already transitioned from syn-collisional crustal thickening into a post-collisional extensional stage by the Early Devonian, marked by lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, and crust–mantle interaction. This magmatism records the tectonic regime shift and likely has a genetic link with the Niukutoudong Co-polymetallic mineralization, offering critical insights into the Qimantage metallogenic framework. Full article

The Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin is a structurally complex foreland basin with strong east–west variations in tectonic deformation, pressure regime, and petroleum system evolution, making reconstruction of multiphase hydrocarbon charging essential for deep and tight reservoir exploration. This study aims to compare the timing, phases, and controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Dibei area and the western Qiulitage structural belt. Petrography, fluid inclusion petrography, fluorescence spectroscopy, microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and burial–thermal history modeling were integrated to reconstruct hydrocarbon charging and pressure evolution in two representative structural domains, the eastern Dibei area and the western Qiulitage structural belt. The results show that the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the eastern Dibei area experienced four charging episodes at 22–20 Ma, 12–10 Ma, 9–7 Ma, and 3–2 Ma, including two oil-charging and two gas-charging stages, whereas the western Tuotan-1 area recorded only two main oil-charging events at 23–20 Ma and 5–3 Ma. These contrasting accumulation histories are primarily controlled by differences in the degree of tectonic contraction, pressure evolution, and source rock maturity. In the eastern Kuqa Depression, intense Himalayan compression promoted overpressure development (pressure coefficient 1.5–1.7), facilitating vertical hydrocarbon migration along fault systems and ultimately leading to tight gas accumulation following reservoir densification at ~8 Ma. In contrast, the western region experienced weaker deformation and near-normal pressure conditions, favoring lateral migration along unconformities and the formation of conventional oil reservoirs. These results highlight the role of tectonic–pressure coupling in governing multi-phase hydrocarbon accumulation and provide a geological basis not only for exploration of deep and tight reservoirs in the Kuqa Depression, but also for evaluating reservoir preservation, overpressure-related development risk, and possible hydrocarbon phase and product-quality variation. Full article

Vein-type pyrobitumen, widely developed along the western margin of the Jiangnan–Xuefeng Uplift, preserves important records of structural modification and post-accumulation alteration within tectonically reworked reservoirs. In this study, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, molecular geochemistry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry, and fluid inclusion analyses were integrated to investigate the origin of geochemical heterogeneity and the evolution of residual hydrocarbons. The analyzed samples are uniformly overmature, with high T_max values (527–594 °C), extremely low S₁ and HI values, and poorly ordered turbostratic carbon structures composed of defect-rich aromatic domains. Despite the comparable thermal maturity, marked variations occur in n-alkane distributions, NSO fractions, asphaltene abundance, and aromatic hydrocarbon compositions. These differences are not systematically related to maturity parameters but instead appear to reflect selective retention and localized redistribution of pyrobituminous material during structural reworking. Late Indosinian–Early Yanshanian compression generated NE-trending shear fractures together with NW-oriented extensional faults, forming a fault–fracture network that served as the principal pathways for fluid circulation and localized emplacement of pyrobituminous material. Trace-element and REE signatures, together with fluid inclusion microthermometry, suggest localized fluid–rock interaction and possible hydrothermal overprinting during pyrobitumen emplacement. The combined results suggest that tectonically driven mobilization, selective compositional fractionation, and late-stage fluid–rock interaction collectively contributed to the observed compositional heterogeneity of the vein-type pyrobitumen. This study provides additional constraints on hydrocarbon redistribution and fluid evolution in structurally reworked, highly evolved petroleum reservoirs. Full article

This study investigates the provenance, weathering history, and tectono-sedimentary evolution of lower Ediacaran siliciclastic rocks of the Imiter Formation (Saghro Group, Imiter Sub-inlier, Anti-Atlas, Morocco) deposited along the northern margin of Gondwana. An integrated approach combining petrography, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry, rare earth elements (REEs), Sm–Nd isotopes, and organic geochemistry (TOC and δ¹³C_org) was used to constrain sediment sources and depositional conditions. Geochemical proxies, including Th/Sc, La/Sc, and Zr/Sc ratios, together with REE distribution patterns, indicate that the sediments were mainly derived from felsic-to-intermediate rocks of the upper continental crust, with only minor sediment recycling. The negative εNd(t) values (−8.5 to −6.2) and Paleoproterozoic Nd model ages (1.6–2.1 Ga) further suggest the erosion of evolved crustal sources related to the West African Craton. Weathering indices (CIA, CIW, PIA) suggest weak-to-moderate chemical weathering under predominantly arid conditions. Redox-sensitive proxies (V–Ni, V/Cr, V/(V + Ni)) and low TOC content (0.1–0.3 wt.%) indicate deposition under mainly oxic-to-dysoxic conditions, with only transient reducing episodes. Tectonic discrimination diagrams, supported by regional magmatism, point to sedimentation within an extensional basin evolving from active-margin to continental rift conditions during the late Pan-African orogeny. The Imiter Formation records a system dominated by crustal recycling, syn-rift tectonics, and dynamic redox conditions in a shallow marine environment. Full article

The Yishu Fault Zone (YSFZ) is located in a key tectonic transition zone shaped by the interaction between the Pacific and Tethyan tectonic domains in eastern China. Despite sparse geothermal borehole coverage across this region, the deeply incised fault structures create favorable hydrogeological prerequisites for fault-mediated subsurface heat migration and hydrothermal fluid circulation. This study integrates hydrochemistry, multi-isotope tracing (δD, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and δ³⁴S), multi-mineral equilibrium modeling, and silica–enthalpy mixing analysis to constrain the evolution process and genetic mechanism of geothermal groundwater in the middle segment of the YSFZ. The geothermal groundwater displays weakly alkaline to alkaline properties and in situ temperatures of 35.2~75.0 °C, which is characterized by the HCO₃–Na, SO₄–Na, and Cl·SO₄–Na type. Stable isotope signatures demonstrate that the geothermal groundwater is recharged by the atmospheric precipitation with elevations of 822~1274 m. The hydrochemical evolution of the geothermal waters is governed by silicate weathering, evaporite dissolution, and cation exchange. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios indicate mixed solute contributions from silicate and evaporite lithologies, whereas the δ³⁴S signatures suggest that SO₄²⁻ is predominantly derived from gypsum dissolution. Two distinct hydrochemical evolution patterns can be identified in the study area. Samples GG1 and GG5 are characterized by HCO₃⁻ enrichment, whereas GG2, GG3, and GG4 exhibit enrichment in Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻. Reservoir temperatures estimated using multi-mineral equilibrium geothermometry range from 56.7 °C to 92.1 °C, with circulation depths of 1648~2304 m and cold-water mixing ratios of 48%~69%. The results of this study provide geochemical evidence for hidden geothermal resource exploration in deep fault zones. Full article

The Kamchatka Peninsula is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and experienced the Mw 8.8 earthquake in 2025. To examine whether tectonic processes were associated with enhanced atmospheric warming while minimizing external interference, this study analyzed multi-level air temperature fields from the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data. A tidal-force-based background framework was used to characterize the vertical evolution of air temperature excesses before and after the mainshock. Results showed that a pronounced warming excess emerged near the epicentral area prior to the earthquake. The warming excess exhibited the strongest intensity and amplitude in the near-surface layer and decayed progressively with altitude, a pattern that may be consistent with the vertical attenuation expected for tectonically related thermal excesses. Sentinel-5P SO₂ observations showed enhanced volcanic SO₂ concentrations from mid-July 2025, before the Mw 8.8 mainshock. The SO₂ enhancement was observed in the volcanic regions of the study area, suggesting that the SO₂ signal may reflect enhanced regional degassing activity while also being influenced by volcanic emissions, plume dispersion, and atmospheric transport. Sentinel-1A InSAR observations derived from SAR images acquired on 23 July and 4 August 2025 represent cumulative coseismic line-of-sight (LOS) deformation associated with the Mw 8.8 mainshock, rather than preseismic subsidence. Overall, the air temperature excesses and SO₂ enhancement may provide auxiliary evidence for possible changes in the regional volcanic-tectonic system before the earthquake, whereas the InSAR result provides coseismic deformation context. These findings highlight the potential value of vertical air temperature structure for investigating possible earthquake-related thermal signals, but further studies based on multi-year statistical analyses of various observational datasets and additional earthquake cases are still required. Full article

The Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Alibonca Formation retains an essential record of intricate relationships among carbonate platform evolution, volcanic–sedimentary inflow, and high-purity silica deposition. This study examines the stratigraphic structure, paleoenvironmental development, and industrial viability of the Ağın diatomite deposits using comprehensive sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical investigations. Stratigraphic evidence indicates that the formation commenced with Early Miocene alluvial fan and shallow restricted marine sub-basin sedimentation prior to evolving into a significant marine incursion. This marine phase created a resilient carbonate platform structure consisting of reef-core, fore-reef, and back-reef sub-environments. Simultaneously, vigorous regional synsedimentary volcanism introduced high-flux silica pulses into the basin, acting as a major catalyst for diatom proliferation and high biological productivity within a restricted sub-basin setting. Geochemical analyses indicate that these bright white, diatomite deposits formed in conjunction with potassium-rich clays in a relatively deep, low-energy, and confined sub-basin of the Alibonca Sea. The high concentration of bulk SiO₂ and low trace element baselines are consistent with a high-purity deposional system and a low total rare earth element (ΣREE) abundance. However, their relatively high Al₂O₃ and K₂O contents indicate significant volcanic and terrigenous detrital input together with authigenic clay mineral formation during diatomite deposition, classifying the deposits as clay-bearing (argillaceous) diatomites rather than exceptionally pure diatomites. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values indicate moderate continental chemical weathering under mostly hot and humid paleoclimatic conditions. The rapid terrestrial runoff and nutrient influx stimulated significant diatom growth before the ultimate late Early Miocene marine regression, transforming the area into a subaerial, volcanically influenced terrestrial environment. The Ağın deposits exemplify intra-platform marine silica sinks, demonstrating how tectonic–magmatic influences can surpass typical carbonate factory conditions to provide economically valuable biogenic mineral resources. Full article

A-type granites represent high-temperature, highly differentiated felsic magmas formed in post-collisional and intraplate tectonic settings. While whole-rock geochemistry constrains bulk melt evolution, zircon trace element systematics provide higher-resolution insights into crystallization conditions, including temperature, oxidation state, and differentiation intensity. This study integrates whole-rock geochemical data with zircon trace element analyses to evaluate the extent to which zircon records magmatic evolution in Neoproterozoic A-type granites from Sinai, Egypt. Whole-rock compositions define a high-silica, ferroan differentiation trend characterized by enrichment in high-field-strength elements (HFSE) and pronounced negative Ba–Sr–Ti anomalies, indicating advanced fractional crystallization. Zircon trace element patterns exhibit strong heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment (Yb up to 1757 ppm), systematically negative Eu anomalies (mean Eu/Eu* = 0.32), and elevated Hf concentrations (up to 14,453 ppm; mean = 4763 ppm), reflecting progressive melt differentiation. Ti-in-zircon thermometry yields crystallization temperatures ranging from 562 °C to 1384 °C. However, most values cluster between 757 °C and 872 °C (mean ≈ 837 °C), indicating sustained high-temperature magmatic conditions. The broader temperature range likely reflects analytical uncertainties, assumptions in Ti activity, and possible outliers. Positive Ce anomalies indicate moderately oxidized crystallization environments. Systematic relationships among zircon Hf, Eu/Eu*, Yb/Gd, Th/U, and Ti-in-zircon temperatures demonstrate a strong coupling between zircon chemistry and whole-rock differentiation trends. These relationships are supported by statistically significant correlations, indicating that zircon trace element systematics provide a robust, semi-quantitative framework for interpreting melt evolution, while preserving independent constraints on temperature and redox state. Full article

The linking zone between Claritas Fossae and Noctis Labyrinthus represents one of the most structurally complex areas on Mars and has so far received limited attention in the scientific literature. In this work, we aim to reconstruct the tectonic structural framework of this area by combining regional-scale geological structural mapping of tectonic lineaments and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. For the clustering analysis, five attributes were considered for each of the 1729 mapped lineament: azimuth, sinuosity, length, position, and the age of the terrain on which they occur. A total of 68 tests were conducted using different combinations of attributes and relative weights. The most geologically and statistically meaningful solution identified six clusters with specific orientations occurring on both Noachian and Hesperian terrains. This allowed us to relate individual clusters with the different phases of evolution proposed in the literature for the Thaumasia region. In addition, comparison with previous regional tectonic models indicates that some clusters can be confidently related to the Claritas Fossae, others to the Noctis Labyrinthus. Results indicate that the study area effectively represents the place where the two regional-scale tectonic domains interacted during multiple phases of deformation. The highlighted polyphase evolution started during the Noachian and continued through episode(s) of reactivation during the Hesperian, as a result of the tectonic interference between Claritas Fossae and Noctis Labyrinthus. Full article

The Ordos Basin and the adjacent Shanxi region in northern China host multiple energy resources. However, the exhumation history of this region (especially the Cenozoic exhumation history) remains poorly constrained despite its importance for understanding basin evolution and multi-energy resource accumulation within the North China Craton (NCC). This study presents new apatite fission-track (AFT) data and thermal-history models from the eastern Ordos Basin and integrates them with previously published low-temperature thermochronological datasets to reconstruct the regional tectono-thermal evolution and evaluate its implications for mineral and hydrocarbon systems. The new AFT ages range from 39.5 to 24.8 Ma and are concentrated in the Late Eocene-Oligocene, recording two rapid cooling episodes at 39.5–32.7 Ma and 26.6–24.8 Ma. Together with regional thermochronological data, these results define five major tectono-thermal episodes since the Late Ordovician and reveal pronounced spatial variations in exhumation. This pattern indicates that Cenozoic deformation became increasingly localized along inherited basin-margin fault systems while the interior of the Ordos Basin remained comparatively stable. The reconstructed tectono-thermal history demonstrates that Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectono-thermal reactivation coincided with peak hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, whereas Cenozoic uplift and fault reactivation primarily influenced hydrocarbon preservation and coalbed methane enrichment through differential exhumation and structural reorganization. These results refine the Cenozoic exhumation history of the eastern Ordos Basin and establish a regional tectono-thermal framework for understanding the coupled evolution of basin development and the accumulation and preservation of multi-energy resources. Full article

The Songpan-Ganzi and Eastern Kunlun region on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a key area for the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys tectonic domain and hosts abundant gold, lithium, and polymetallic mineral resources. To reveal the deep structure of this region and its metallogenic background, this study constructed a lithospheric electrical structure model based on magnetotelluric (MT) data along a profile traversing tectonic units such as the Qiangtang, Songpan-Ganzi, and Eastern Kunlun blocks. Data processing, dimensionality analysis, and two-dimensional inversion were performed. The results show that a large-scale, funnel-shaped conductor, originating from the upper mantle and penetrating the middle-lower crust, exists beneath the Songpan-Ganzi and Qiangtang terranes, indicating a major channel for deep-seated thermal material upwelling. Driven by Cenozoic tectonic reactivation, the thermal materials ascended along pre-existing lithospheric weak zones formed during the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. It spread extensively within the upper-middle crust of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and migrated to the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt via complex fault systems, ultimately forming low-resistivity bodies that closely coincide with the locations of major shallow ore-controlling faults. This electrical model suggests the presence of a “thermal material channel” system extending from the mantle to the shallow crust. The study suggests that the migration pathways of ore-forming fluids, represented by gold deposits in the Eastern Kunlun metallogenic belt, are highly correlated with the fault-magma channel system constituted by intra-crustal conductors. In contrast, the lithium-rich granitic magmatism associated with lithium mineralization within the Songpan-Ganzi terrane may be related to the deep thermal background reflected by the large-scale conductor in the upper mantle. From the perspective of electrical structure, this study suggests that mineralization in this region may be closely linked to deep crust–mantle processes. The reactivation of pre-existing tectonic-magmatic channels by Cenozoic thermal material is key to controlling the distribution pattern of dominant shallow mineral resources. The research results provide important geophysical constraints for a deeper understanding of the tectonic–magmatic–mineralization coupling mechanism on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Full article