Search Results (48,248)

Digital salary advance and earned wage access platforms require intelligent monitoring mechanisms capable of identifying behavioral anomalies, estimating operational risk, and preserving auditable transaction evidence. Existing financial anomaly detection approaches commonly rely on isolated predictive models, static anomaly thresholds, or rule-based monitoring, providing limited support for behavior-aware enterprise monitoring. This study proposes a behavioral drift-aware adaptive anomaly fusion framework for explainable risk monitoring in salary advance FinTech systems. The framework introduces the Behavioral Risk Deviation Index (BRDI), which integrates temporal irregularity, behavioral entropy, transaction velocity, burst activity, and historical behavioral drift into a unified behavioral state representation. BRDI adaptively regulates the fusion of Isolation Forest-based statistical anomaly scores and reconstruction-based nonlinear anomaly scores according to each employee’s behavioral profile. The framework further combines calibrated ensemble risk scoring, SHAP-based explainability, and blockchain-assisted audit verification using SHA-256 hashing and Merkle-root validation. Experimental evaluation on 52,846 anonymized salary advance transactions demonstrates that the framework supports behavior-aware anomaly detection, interpretable risk prioritization, and trustworthy audit traceability in enterprise financial environments. The proposed approach contributes a unified behavioral state representation, a deterministic adaptive anomaly fusion mechanism, and an integrated architecture for trustworthy AI-assisted salary advance monitoring. Full article

Sesame is a significant oilseed crop whose exceptional oxidative stability is closely associated with its abundant endogenous antioxidants. As one of the most predominant lipid-soluble antioxidants in sesame, vitamin E (VE) plays a critical role in scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals, terminating lipid peroxidation chain reactions, and protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage, thereby maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and attenuating the development of oxidative stress-related disorders. Although VE is a potent natural antioxidant with significant pharmacological activities in mitigating oxidative stress-related disorders, the genetic mechanisms underlying the natural variation in VE content in sesame remain incompletely understood. Here, variation in VE content was evaluated across 400 sesame accessions grown in two environments. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed that only γ-tocopherol was detected in sesame seeds, with concentrations between 169.33 and 463.31 mg/kg, averaging 316.28 mg/kg. The newly acquired SNP and InDel data from whole-genome resequencing were associated with the phenotypic data, leading to the identification of five significant loci associated with VE content. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of two sesame accessions with distinct VE contents revealed the differential expression of key biosynthetic enzyme genes (such as GGDR, PDS1, VTE2, and VTE4) between the two accessions. By integrating a genome-wide association study with transcriptomic data, two primary candidate effector genes, SINPZ1100015/SiNST1 and SINPZ0901927, were identified, with SiNST1 being particularly prominent. Functional validation further showed that overexpression of SiNST1 in the hairy root of sesame significantly decreased VE content. This investigation advances the comprehension of variations in VE content and the regulatory mechanisms governing its biosynthetic metabolism in sesame, supporting the development of functional sesame varieties for dietary antioxidant supplementation. Full article

Chilo sacchariphagus is a destructive sugarcane borer worldwide, and frequent extreme high temperatures disrupt its field populations. Clarifying larval thermal response mechanisms provides theoretical support for pest risk prediction under climate warming. Previous work has illustrated moderate heat induces canonical HSP activation, but the molecular responses of this pest to 41 °C extreme heat remain unclear. As such, we conducted non-reference transcriptome sequencing and 11 physio-biochemical assays on fifth-instar larvae exposed to 41 °C for 12 h (26 °C as control) to characterize its thermal regulatory network. De novo assembly yielded a comprehensive transcriptome resource, and analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment in energy metabolism, ER protein processing, MAPK signaling and autophagy pathways. Core HSP70/40 transcripts were significantly down-regulated while HSP80 showed stable transcription, suggesting that 41 °C may exceed the heat-shock protective threshold and potentially trigger heat damage. qRT-PCR validation of seven core stress genes confirmed the RNA-seq trends. Catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly; however, none of the annotated catalase genes showed transcriptional changes, whereas elevated CarE and AchE activities also lacked corresponding transcriptional shifts, implying post-translational or alternative regulatory mechanisms. Our data showed coordinated transcriptional and physiological changes under extreme heat. These findings provide a basis for further investigation into how C. sacchariphagus may respond to extreme heat under climate warming scenarios. Full article

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is considered one of the most important cereals globally, contributing significantly to the human population’s caloric and protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring a sufficient yield of wheat for global consumption plays a significant role in maintaining food security in different parts of the world. With increasing demand and dwindling production capacity, due to increasingly uncertain growing conditions, projections indicate that there should be an upswing of 60–70% in wheat productivity by 2050 to fulfill the requirement. However, drought represents the most significant and widespread abiotic limitation to global wheat production, currently resulting in approximately 10% yield losses worldwide. Furthermore, each additional 1 °C increase in temperature is anticipated to decrease staple calorie production by 4.4%. The factors contributing to drought in wheat, as well as its impact on the plant’s biochemical, physiological, and morphological structures, include altered rainfall patterns, elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels, increased temperatures, hot and dry winds, and restricted soil water availability. These factors initiate a series of morphological, physiological, and biochemical disruptions that hinder wheat growth and productivity. Drought impact on wheat starts at biochemical levels through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and degradation of chlorophylls, and tolerance to stress is influenced by a polygenic system where numerous genes contribute minor effects and interact significantly with environmental factors transitioning to osmoprotectants. At the physiological level, drought alters the water content in the plant body, leading to reduced net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water utilization efficiency. At the morphological level, drought impacts all kinds of structures such as roots, shoots, leaves and reproductive parts. To counter these effects, wheat develops a set of tolerant mechanisms called drought escape, avoidance and tolerance. An increase in trichomes and leaf waxes, alteration of root–shoot ratios, the staying green phenomenon, production of stress proteins like proline, activity of enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, etc., osmotic adjustment, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, expression of dehydration proteins called dehydrin, etc., contribute towards drought tolerance. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate interactions between drought and various wheat genotypes, emphasizing their substantial impacts on plant physiology, biochemistry, growth dynamics, and grain yield. Additionally, this review assesses a variety of genetic and biotechnological strategies aimed at enhancing the resilience of wheat genotypes to drought stress. By integrating recent research findings with practical applications, this review provides a detailed framework for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat plants to withstand the escalating threats of drought stress, thereby supporting sustainable wheat production in a changing climate. Addressing drought stress through genetic and biotechnological management practices is crucial for maintaining wheat productivity. Full article

The ubiquity of surveillance networks in public infrastructure presents a significant, yet underutilized, opportunity to assist vulnerable populations, particularly individuals who are blind or have low vision (BLV). However, transforming these passive video feeds into active guidance systems requires accurate camera calibration, a process that is traditionally labor-intensive and unscalable in large facilities. This paper introduces a novel, automated framework that leverages a mobile quadruped robot (Boston Dynamics Spot) as a dynamic calibration agent. We propose a single-pass approach with two planar calibration algorithms, which mines unstructured robotic trajectories to construct distinct geometric features on the ground plane. By synthesizing “virtual rectangles” from the robot’s odometry, our method first recovers camera focal length through vanishing point estimation by constructing virtual rectangles, and then solves for extrinsic 6-DoF pose using two algorithms: our proposed Virtual Rectangle (ViR) algorithm and a standard planar Perspective-n-Point (PnP) algorithm. Experimental validation using real-world data demonstrates the system’s robustness to sensor noise, maintaining focal length errors around $5\%$, rotational errors around $5^{\circ }$ and relative translation errors of approximately $10\%$, while synthetic simulations indicate focal length errors generally under 10%, rotational errors under $1.5^{\circ }$, and translation errors also around 10% despite heavy image and object disturbances. This work eliminates the need for manual calibration targets for dynamic camera calibration, effectively converting static security infrastructure into a metric sensing network capable of supporting high-fidelity social robotics applications. Full article

As a critical strategic resource in the 21st century, the efficient separation of lithium poses a major challenge in mineral processing. To address the issue of the low flotation separation efficiency caused by the similar surface properties of spodumene, lepidolite, and gangue minerals such as feldspar, this study systematically investigates the effects and mechanisms of NaOH/Na₂CO₃ mixed alkali pretreatment on the flotation behavior of the three minerals. The results show that pretreatment with a specific mass ratio of mixed alkali (NaOH:Na₂CO₃ = 5:2) can significantly enhance the flotation recovery of spodumene and lepidolite, while having minimal impact on the recovery of feldspar. After mixed alkali pretreatment, the flotation recovery of spodumene rises from less than 10% to 87.90%, and lepidolite recovery increases from below 10% to 90.1%, whereas feldspar recovery remains lower than 14% throughout the tests. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the mixed alkali system selectively promotes the breakage of Al-O bonds on the surfaces of lithium minerals, accelerating the differential dissolution of Al and Si, which leads to a decrease in the Al/Si ratio on the mineral surfaces and the formation of Al-enriched active sites. Meanwhile, Na₂CO₃ plays a selective regulatory role by adjusting the interfacial ionic environment and suppressing excessive attack by OH⁻. XPS analysis indicates a significant increase in the proportion of high-binding-energy Al species on the surfaces of lithium minerals after pretreatment, with no obvious changes observed on the feldspar surface. SEM-EDS and XRD confirm the cleaning, modification, and secondary precipitation behavior of the mineral surfaces induced by the pretreatment. Specific surface area analysis further demonstrates that moderate alkali etching reduces the surface energy and porosity of lithium minerals, facilitating subsequent collector adsorption. The bench-scale closed-circuit flotation of real complex lithium ore (1.21% Li₂O) finally yields lithium concentrate grading of 5.52% Li₂O with a Li₂O recovery of 76.82%. This study deepens the understanding of the interfacial reaction mechanisms of lithium minerals under alkaline conditions and provides theoretical support for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly flotation processes for lithium ores. Full article

The flexible DC transmission scheme based on modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is currently the mainstream solution for offshore wind power delivery. With the ongoing growth in both installed capacity and the offshore distance of wind power projects, the dimensions and weight of corresponding offshore converter stations have increased substantially. These developments present significant economic constraints and engineering challenges, thereby complicating the deployment of large-scale, long-distance offshore wind energy systems. Compared with MMCs, diode rectifier units (DRUs) offer advantages such as compact size, light weight, low cost, reduced operating losses, and high reliability. Nevertheless, DRUs lack active control capability, and conventional grid following wind turbines cannot independently support the voltage of the offshore AC network, which severely limits their application in offshore wind scenarios with stringent economic requirements. Grid forming control of wind turbines is an effective approach to address this issue. Given the widespread application of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in engineering practice and their relatively low capital costs, this study investigates the implementation of grid-forming control strategies in DFIGs to address the stability challenges of DRU-based HVDC transmission systems during fault conditions. First, the mathematical model of the DFIG is established. Then, a suitable control strategy is designed to endow the turbine with certain grid forming capabilities. Finally, the developed simulation model and control strategy are verified in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results demonstrate that the proposed grid forming DFIG control strategy can maintain stable offshore AC voltage and frequency under various fault conditions, ensure continuous and reliable operation of the DRU, and achieve fault ride through. On this basis, to account for engineering practicality and cost considerations, this study further proposes a hybrid transmission scheme combining grid-following and grid-forming DFIGs. Simulation results confirm that this hybrid scheme also achieves satisfactory operational performance, while reducing the potential cost increase associated with full-scale grid-forming retrofits, it effectively ensures fault ride-through capability and system operational stability. This method provides an effective solution for low cost, highly reliable offshore wind power DC transmission. Full article

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, with limited treatment options and a high prevalence of oncogenic KRAS mutations. Piper betle contains numerous bioactive phytochemicals with reported anticancer activities, although its activity against pancreatic cancer remains incompletely characterized. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition of P. betle leaf extracts and the cell viability effects of ethanolic extracts against human KRAS G12D-mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, AsPC-1, Panc 02.03, Panc 04.03, Panc 08.13 and Panc 10.05). Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to characterize the extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited higher extraction yield (17.26%), TPC (395.94 ± 0.010 mg GAE/g) and TFC (121.28 ± 0.009 mg QE/g) than aqueous extracts. GC-MS analysis tentatively identified phenylpropanoid compounds, including chavicol, chavibetol, and eugenol. Based on these findings, the ethanolic extract was selected for biological evaluation. Treatment significantly reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner across all pancreatic cancer cell lines, with estimated IC₅₀ values ranging from 21.54 to 54.91 µg/mL. These findings suggest that ethanolic P. betle leaf extract possesses promising biological activity and support further studies to identify its active constituents and elucidate their mechanisms of action. Full article

Medicinal plants in the Acanthaceae family have long been used in Thai traditional medicine. In this study, ethanolic extracts of four plant species, Andrographis paniculata, Thunbergia laurifolia, Acanthus ebracteatus, and Rhinacanthus nasutus, were prepared and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content assays were used to investigate phytochemical content and phytochemical profiles were characterized with LC-MS, while antioxidant activities were assessed via colorimetric methods. The extracts were also tested for antibacterial activity against several skin pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cutibacterium acnes, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. Cytotoxic effects on the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell were assessed using the MTT assay. The extracts were further evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in an LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. Inflammatory gene expression was assessed by quantifying the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB genes using RT-qPCR. The results revealed that among the four species, T. laurifolia extract showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid levels, consistent with the greatest antioxidant activity. Moreover, LC-MS profiling annotated a range of secondary metabolites in the extracts. The inhibition zones were observed for all plant extracts when tested against the skin pathogenic bacteria except C. acnes, and A. paniculata did not inhibit P. aeruginosa, indicating the antibacterial activity of the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values differed across the extracts and bacterial strains. T. laurifolia exhibited the most potent activity against various bacterial pathogens, while A. paniculata was most effective against C. acnes at 0.98 mg/mL. In addition, all plant extracts reduced nitric oxide production and downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes. Among all plant species, A. paniculata showed the most potent activity with the highest NO inhibition of 65.68% at 60 µg/mL. Therefore, these findings support the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory potential of A. paniculata, T. laurifolia, A. ebracteatus and R. nasutus, which are traditionally used in folk medicine. Full article

The Lower Kura Basin is a tectonically active sedimentary region of Azerbaijan where geological and hydrogeological conditions may favor geothermal fluid circulation. This study develops a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based multi-criteria framework for regional geothermal favorability mapping by integrating five spatial criteria: land surface temperature (LST), fault density, slope, drainage density, and elevation. LST was derived from cloud-masked Landsat 9 Collection 2 Level-2 surface-temperature products acquired during summer 2025, while the topographic and hydrological criteria were prepared using a 30 m digital elevation model. All thematic layers were standardized to a common 30 m grid and reclassified into five favorability classes using explicitly defined classification rules. Criterion weights were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the resulting pairwise comparison matrix yielded a consistency ratio of 0.024, indicating acceptable internal consistency. LST and fault density received the highest weights because they represent surface thermal expression and potential structural controls on subsurface fluid circulation, respectively, whereas slope, drainage density, and elevation were treated as secondary or indirect criteria. The baseline model identified 3681.9 km², corresponding to 27.71% of the study area, as having high or very high geothermal favorability. Two alternative weighting scenarios were subsequently evaluated to assess the sensitivity of the model to criterion weights. Despite substantial changes in the weighting scheme, 3624.0 km² (27.27% of the study area) consistently remained within the high or very high classes across all three scenarios and were therefore interpreted as robust geothermal favorability zones. Geological consistency was assessed through spatial comparison with regional geological evidence and mapped mud-volcano occurrences, while faults were not treated as an independent validation dataset because fault density was included as a model criterion. The proposed framework supports the identification of priority areas for further geothermal investigation and may contribute to the broader development of clean and renewable energy resources in Azerbaijan. The identified zones represent priority areas for further geological, hydrogeological, geophysical, geothermal-gradient, and exploratory investigations rather than confirmed geothermal resources. Full article

Engagement in the arts, particularly developing skills in an art form, represents a cognitively rich activity involving attention, memory, executive function, and sensorimotor coordination. Despite widespread assumptions that artistic abilities such as drawing are innate, they are highly trainable through targeted learning. Different techniques exemplify how structured observational drawing exercises can reshape perceptual and cognitive processing. For example, the negative space drawing technique directs attention to the shapes surrounding an object rather than the object itself. Specific techniques can map onto underlying cognitive processes, and this article examines the translational potential of learning to draw as a cognitive intervention. Due to the Arts’ aesthetic nature, the benefits extend beyond cognitive and can impact modifiable salutogenic factors at large. A toolkit of drawing techniques is provided, with information on the underlying cognitive processes. By connecting the cognitive neuropsychology of observational drawing to cognitive aging, this work contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the arts as a vehicle for brain health, with particular promise in an aging global population. As technology transforms the landscape of arts and aesthetics, the cognitive value of embodied artmaking is underscored. Full article

Background/Objectives: Medicinal and aromatic plants are important sources of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of 19 commercially available medicinal herb and spice products of reported Mount Athos provenance and investigated the influence of extraction solvent on these properties. Methods: Extracts were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction using water, 50% aqueous methanol, or 50% aqueous acetone. TPC was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and a qualitative supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation assay. Solvent effects were assessed using Friedman and post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and associations between TPC and antioxidant activity were examined using correlation and regression analyses. Results: TPC and antioxidant activity varied considerably among botanical products and extraction conditions, with Origanum spp. generally exhibiting among the highest TPC values and strong antioxidant responses. Aqueous acetone yielded significantly higher TPC than aqueous methanol and water. Both aqueous organic solvents produced greater DPPH inhibition than water, whereas aqueous methanol produced greater ABTS activity than water; no significant solvent effect was observed for FRAP. TPC was positively associated with antioxidant activity, particularly ABTS and FRAP, explaining up to 78% of its variability. Several extracts also preserved the supercoiled plasmid DNA form under hydroxyl radical-generating conditions, although this observation requires quantitative confirmation. Conclusions: Medicinal herbs and spices of Athonite provenance exhibit considerable phytochemical and antioxidant variability. Extraction solvent influences phenolic recovery and antioxidant activity in an assay-dependent manner, with no single solvent being uniformly superior. These findings provide baseline data supporting further phytochemical characterization and quantitative evaluation of the antioxidant and DNA-protective properties of these botanical materials. Full article

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in foods of animal origin is a public health concern that underscores the need to investigate natural antimicrobial alternatives. Although Syzygium aromaticum essential oil exhibits antibacterial activity, evidence regarding its bactericidal effects against MDR bacteria recovered from commercial eggs remains limited. This study evaluated the bactericidal activity of eugenol-rich S. aromaticum essential oil (SAEO) and explored its potential antibacterial mechanisms. SAEO was obtained by steam distillation and chemically characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Its antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), bacterial growth kinetics, and changes in membrane permeability. Molecular docking was performed to examine the interactions of eugenol with dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH). Eugenol was the predominant constituent (73.9%), followed by dihydroeugenyl acetate (14.1%) and β-caryophyllene (6.0%). SAEO exhibited bactericidal activity against all tested strains, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.125 to 0.25 mg/mL and from 0.25 to 0.50 mg/mL, respectively. SAEO also produced sustained bacterial growth inhibition and concentration-associated changes in membrane permeability. Molecular docking predicted favorable interactions of eugenol with DHPS and FabH; however, these interactions require experimental validation. Overall, the findings demonstrate the in vitro bactericidal activity of eugenol-rich SAEO against MDR bacteria recovered from commercial eggs and support further investigation of its potential application in food-safety interventions. Full article

Bamboo contains abundant hydrophilic components such as hemicellulose which result in poor interfacial compatibility with epoxy resin and, consequently, limit its application in bamboo–epoxy composite packaging materials. In this study, we subjected bamboo (aged 3–4 years) to vacuum heat treatment to investigate the effects of treatment temperature (140, 160, and 180 °C) and holding time (4 and 6 h) and systematically evaluated the resulting changes in density, surface color, microstructure, mechanical behavior, and thermal stability. It was found that temperature serves as the dominant factor regulating bamboo color. With the increase in the heat treatment intensity, the lightness and yellowness of bamboo decrease, and the redness rises first and then falls, while the total color difference increases continuously. The optimal flexural strength and modulus of the treated bamboo are obtained at 140 °C, while its maximum tensile strength appears at 160 °C for 4 h. However, prolonged exposure at 180 °C causes marked mechanical degradation of the treated bamboo, which is attributed to the damaged fibrous structure. As for thermal stability, heat treatment removes heat-sensitive components, thereby increasing the 5% mass loss temperature and thermal degradation activation energy. Among all conditions, the sample treated at 160 °C for 6 h exhibits the best overall thermal stability, whereas excessive treatment at 180 °C destroys cellulose microcrystals and reduces the activation energy at high conversion rates. Considering the surface appearance, mechanical performance and thermal resistance comprehensively, the heat treatment at 140–160 °C with a 4 h holding time is the optimal modification process, which can provide theoretical and data support for the pretreatment of bamboo-based eco-friendly packaging composite materials. Full article

Aiming at the problem that the selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts is difficult to be controlled and the active components are easy to be lost in the acetylene double carbonylation reaction, this paper constructs a highly efficient Pd-based catalyst through the combination of carrier morphology engineering and surface basicity regulation. Using melamine/urea as a precursor, tubular carbon nitride (TCN) was constructed by hydrothermal calcination, and then Pd/TCN-series catalysts were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted impregnation loading 5 wt% Pd and heat treatment in a N₂ atmosphere. At the same time, bulk g-C₃N₄ (BCN) and activated carbon (AC), TiO₂, and ZSM-5 supported systems were used as controls. The characterization results show that compared to BCN, TCN-500 (calcined at 500 °C) has a higher specific surface area (40.19 m²/g vs. 12.47 m²/g) and pore volume (0.1850 cm³/g vs. 0.0792 cm³/g), which provides abundant anchoring sites and efficient mass-transfer channels for Pd nanoparticles. After the introduction of Pd, the total base amount of the catalyst increased significantly from 0.4866 to 1.7172 mmol/g, and the strong Lewis-base center was significantly enhanced. TEM/XRD confirmed that Pd was uniformly dispersed on TCN-500 and mainly exposed the (111) crystal plane. XPS further revealed that there was a stronger electron-coupling effect between Pd and the support. Under the reaction conditions of 70 °C and 5 h, the selectivity of Pd/TCN-500 to dimethyl butenedioate was up to 83.7% (acetylene conversion was 59.6%), which was significantly better than that of the contrast carrier system. The cycle test showed that the selectivity and conversion of the catalyst were reduced to 54.4% and 41.1%, respectively, on the third use. The performance degradation was mainly attributed to the oxidative damage of the TCN nanotube skeleton and the passivation of the surface active defect sites. In this study, the synergistic effect of tubular morphology and surface Lewis basicity effectively stabilized the Pd active center and regulated the product selectivity, which provided a new idea for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for acetylene double carbonylation in non-petroleum routes. Full article