Search Results (3,920)

This article explores how Japanese anime has become a space of theological imagination, where viewers encounter the divine not as fixed dogma but as a lived process. Through symbolic analysis of five spiritually resonant anime series: Puella Magi Madoka Magica, To Your Eternity, Sunday Without God, Code Geass, and The Promised Neverland, the study examines how characters such as Madoka, Fushi, Ai, Lelouch, Emma, and Mujika embody a form of theosis that unfolds through memory, sacrifice, refusal, and care. Rather than representing God as omnipotent or remote, these narratives invite a vision of the divine as vulnerable, suffering, and becoming, emerging through grief, relationships, and transformations. Drawing on theological and philosophical frameworks, especially process theology and symbolic interpretation, the article argues that anime collapses the traditional boundaries between theology and philosophy by embodying both in story. In these narrative worlds, divinity is not merely represented, it is approached, co-created, and remembered. The sacred is not a theory to master, but an encounter to undergo. Anime, thus, does not offer theology as a system but rather theology as a journey: a reenchanted vision of the world where God is still becoming. Full article

Rhetorical questions are used in a variety of ways in the Hebrew Bible. These questions, as found in Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, and Judges, show a strong emotional component, often of anger, and are part of the linguistic structure of accusation and defense. Rhetorical questions are also used as part of diplomatic negotiations between individuals and groups. Such questions function within the narrative to provide momentum for the story and move the action forward. By carrying the emotional component of the text, rhetorical questions draw the reader into scripture and enhance the connection between the reader and the text. One particular format of the accusing rhetorical question is a variant of “what have you done?” This phrase serves to accuse and to imply the need for justification or restitution for the perceived wrong. “What have you done?” is not seeking information in these contexts, as the wrongdoing in question has already come to light for the speaker. This question is accompanied by additional rhetorical questions to form a linguistic cluster. This article proposes that rhetorical questions, and particularly the “What have you done?” format, were long-standing and common linguistic tools of Hebrew writers and speakers in the ancient world. Such questions served as cues for responsive interaction from the party addressed and signaled the opening for apology, negotiation, or further conflict. Full article

Background/Objectives: Senior nurses in Taiwan shoulder layered responsibilities shaped by professional roles, gendered expectations, and family duty. Although Taiwan faces a persistent shortage of experienced clinical nurses, limited research has explored how long-serving nurses sustain identity and commitment across decades of caregiving. This study examines how senior staff nurses understand their journeys of becoming—and remaining—nurses within a culturally and emotionally complex landscape. Methods: Interviews were conducted between May 2019 and September 2023 in locations chosen by participants, with most sessions face-to-face and others undertaken via video conferencing during COVID-19. This narrative inquiry involved in-depth, multi-session interviews with five female senior staff nurses born in the 1970s to early 1980s. Each participant reflected on her life and career, supported by co-constructed “nursing life lines.” Thematic narrative analysis was conducted using McCormack’s five-lens framework and Riessman’s model, with ethical rigor ensured through reflexive journaling and participant validation. Results: Three overarching themes emerged: (1) inner strength and endurance, highlighting silent resilience and the ethical weight of caregiving; (2) support and responsibility in relationships, revealing the influence of family, faith, and relational duty; and (3) role navigation and professional identity, showing how nurses revisit meaning, self-understanding, and tensions across time. Participants described emotionally powerful moments, identity re-connection, and cultural values that shaped their paths. Conclusions: These narratives offer a relational and culturally embedded understanding of what it means to sustain a career in nursing. Narrative inquiry created space for reflection, meaning-making, and voice in a system where such voices are often unheard. Identity was not static—it was lived, reshaped, and held in story. Full article

In the era of generative artificial intelligence, writing has evolved into a programmable practice capable of generating sustainable narratives and preserving cultural heritage through poetic prompts. This study proposes “Writing Is Coding ” as a paradigm for sustainability education, exploring how students engage with AI-mediated multimodal creation to address environmental challenges. Using grounded theory methodology with 57 twelfth-grade students from technology-integrated high schools, we analyzed their experiences creating environmental stories and digital cultural artifacts using MidJourney, Kling, and Sora. Data collection involved classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and reflective journals, analyzed through systematic coding procedures (κ = 0.82). Five central themes emerged: writing as algorithmic design for sustainability (89.5%), emotional scaffolding for environmental awareness (78.9%), aesthetics of imperfection in cultural preservation (71.9%), collaborative dynamics in sustainable creativity (84.2%), and pedagogical value of prompt literacy (91.2%). Findings indicate that AI deepens environmental consciousness and reframes writing as a computational process for addressing global issues. This research contributes a theoretical framework integrating expressive writing with algorithmic thinking in AI-assisted sustainability education, aligned with SDGs 4, 11, and 13. Full article

Interpreters who translate for refugees are regularly confronted with traumatic content. Listening regularly to and translating potentially traumatizing stories make interpreters vulnerable to secondary traumatization. The current study aimed to investigate secondary traumatic stress (STS) in interpreters working with refugees and to identify potential risk and protective factors. In this cross-sectional study, 64 interpreters from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland participated. STS, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and resilience were assessed using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Sociodemographic data were collected (e.g., experiences with translation in psychotherapy, personal backgrounds of forced displacement, and personal experiences with psychotherapy as a client). Subgroup comparisons were conducted to identify risk factors for STS. A total of 43 participants (67%) showed at least mild STS. STS was significantly associated with burnout. Personal experiences of forced displacement, gender, and working context had no impact on STS. Interpreters with personal experiences of psychotherapy showed a higher level of STS as well as higher resilience than those without personal experiences of psychotherapy. Independent of personal experiences of forced displacement, gender, and working context, interpreters who work with refugees are at high risk of STS. Regular training and supervision for interpreters who work with refugees should thus be offered as standard practice. Full article

The 2020 southern Puerto Rico earthquake sequence highlighted the severe seismic vulnerability of informally constructed two-story reinforced concrete (RC) houses. This study examines the failure mechanisms of these structures and assesses the effectiveness of first-floor RC shear-wall retrofitting. Nonlinear pushover and dynamic time–history analyses were performed using fiber-based distributed plasticity models for RC frames and nonlinear macro-elements for second-floor masonry infills, which introduced a significant inter-story stiffness imbalance. A bi-directional seismic input was applied using spectrally matched, near-fault pulse-like ground motions. The findings for the as-built structures showed that stiffness mismatches between stories, along with substantial strength and stiffness differences between orthogonal axes, resulted in concentrated plastic deformations and displacement-driven failures in the first story—consistent with damage observed during the 2020 earthquakes. Retrofitting the first floor with RC shear walls notably improved the performance, doubling the lateral load capacity and enhancing the overall stiffness. However, the retrofitted structures still exhibited a concentration of inelastic action—albeit with lower demands—shifted to the second floor, indicating potential for further optimization. Full article

This paper proposes a novel suspended seismic structure system called Base-suspended Pendulum Isolation (BSPI) structure. The BSPI structure can isolate seismic action and reduce structural seismic response by hanging the structure with hanger rods set at the base. The viscous dampers are installed in the isolation layer to dissipate earthquake energy and control the displacement. Firstly, the configuration of suspension isolation layer and mechanical model of the BSPI structure are described. Then, an equivalent scaled BSPI structure physical model was tested on the shaking table. The test results demonstrate that the BSPI structure has a good isolation effect under earthquakes, and the viscous dampers had an obvious control effect on the structure’s displacement and acceleration response. Finally, numerical simulation of the tests was carried out. The accuracy of the numerical models are confirmed by the good agreement between the simulation and test results. The numerical models for the BSPI structure and conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure are built and analyzed using the commercial software ABAQUS. Research results indicate that the lateral stiffness of the BSPI structure is reduced greatly by installing the suspension layer, and the acceleration response of BSPI structure is significantly reduced under rare earthquakes, which is only 1/2 of that of the RC frame. The inter-story displacement of the BSPI structure is less than 1/100, which meets the seismic fortification goal and is reduced to 50% of that of the BSPI structure without damper under rare earthquakes. Full article

For the past few decades, during each disastrous earthquake, severe damage and poor seismic performance of masonry infilled RC frames, including many newly designed ones, have been reported extensively. Inherent problems related to analysis and design methods for tight-fit infilled frame structures have not yet been solved and are recognized as being far from satisfactory in terms of completeness and reliability. The primary objective of this research was to propose and test an innovative method that can effectively mitigate undesirable interaction damage to masonry infilled RC frame structures. This proposed technical solution consists of connection of the infill panel to the bounding columns with steel reinforcement connections deployed in mortar layers and anchored to the columns. This is practical, cheap and easy to implement without any specific technology, which is especially important for developing countries. A three story, two bay RC building model with the proposed connection implemented on the infill walls was designed and tested on the shake table at IZIIS in Skopje, N. Macedonia. The test results and design guidelines/recommendations from the proposed research are also expected to benefit the infrastructural development in other countries threatened by earthquakes, preferably in the Balkan and the Mediterranean region. Full article

Justice Joseph Story’s Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States (1833) have long been regarded as the scholarly source for a nationalist account of the U.S. Constitution in Antebellum America. Yet recent scholarship has questioned whether the Commentaries should be viewed exclusively as a work of legal scholarship. This article reinterprets Justice Story’s three-volume work as a project of civic education during a period of political and constitutional uncertainty. Written during the Nullification Crisis and in the wake of codification efforts, Justice Story presents his Commentaries for the use of the American public, providing them, and not exclusively lawyers and judges, with a source to support a popular conception of American constitutionalism. Story’s project of civic education is clearly shown by his personal efforts to abridge his Commentaries on three separate occasions to ensure the wide distribution of the work to Americans of different ages, groups, localities, and levels of education. As such, this article offers Justice Story as a guide to contemporary judges who seek to engage in civic education projects. Full article

This article examines the epistemological and homiletical implications of postmodernity for Christian preaching. It addresses the communicative crisis introduced by postmodern skepticism toward metanarratives. It proposes a constructive theological response through the re-articulation of the gospel as a coherent, storied, and transformative metanarrative. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship in theology, homiletics, epistemology, and cultural theory, this study argues that a thoughtful engagement with postmodern critique can serve as a catalytic force for ecclesial renewal. The article advocates for a homiletic method that re-engages Scripture’s narrative form while emphasizing relational epistemology, incarnational witness, and contextual sensitivity. By utilizing narrative theology, post-critical epistemologies, and performative models of preaching, this study proposes a recalibrated approach to gospel proclamation, adapted for fragmented and skeptical audiences, while safeguarding theological orthodoxy. Full article

This story began half a century ago with the discovery of an unusually high presence of tryptophan (Trp, W) in transthyretin (TTR), one of the three carrier proteins of thyroid hormones. With the Trp-rich retinol-binding protein (RBP), TTR forms a plasma complex implicated in the delivery of retinoid compounds to body tissues. W has the lowest concentration among all AAs involved in the sequencing of human body proteins. The present review proposes molecular maps focusing on the ratio of W/AA residues found in the sequence of proteins involved in immune events, allowing us to ascribe the guidance of inflammatory processes as fully under the influence of W. Under the control of cytokine stimulation, plasma biomarkers of protein nutritional status work in concert with major acute-phase reactants (APRs) and with carrier proteins to release, in a free and active form, their W and hormonal ligands, interacting to generate hot spots affecting the course of acute stress disorders. The prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) scoring formula contributes to identifying the respective roles played by each of the components prevailing during the progression of the disease. Glucagon demonstrates ambivalent properties, remaining passive under steady-state conditions while displaying stronger effects after cytokine activation. In developing countries, inappropriate weaning periods lead to toddlers eating W-deficient cereals as a staple, causing a dramatic reduction in the levels of W-rich biomarkers in plasma, constituting a novel nutritional deficiency at the global scale. Appropriate counseling should be set up using W implementations to cover the weaning period and extended until school age. In adult and elderly subjects, the helpful immune protections provided by W may be hindered by the surge in harmful catabolites with the occurrence of chronic complications, which can have a significant public health impact but lack the uncontrolled surges in PINI observed in young infants and teenagers. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative and neoplastic disorders measured in elderly patients indicate the slow-moving elevation of APRs due to rampant degradation processes. Full article

Resettlement communities in Qinghai are located in cold, high-altitude regions with dry climates and strong solar radiation. Although not extremely cold, the moderate heating demand aligns well with high solar availability, making passive design highly effective for reducing energy use. This study investigates solar-optimized spatial configurations that enhance passive energy performance while addressing functional settlement needs. Through parametric modeling and climate-responsive simulations, four key spatial parameters are examined: building spacing, courtyard depth, density, and volumetric ratio. The findings highlight the dominant role of front–rear spacing in solar access, with optimal values at 3–4 m for single-story and 5–10 m for two-story buildings, balancing radiation gain and land use efficiency. Courtyard depths under 2.7 m significantly limit south façade exposure due to shading from the opposite courtyard wall under low-angle winter sun. This reduction results in the south façade attaining only 55.7–79.6% of the solar radiation acquisition by an unobstructed south façade (the baseline). Meanwhile, clustered orientations reduce inter-building shading losses by 38–42% compared to dispersed layouts. A three-tiered design framework is proposed: (1) macro-scale solar orientation zoning, (2) meso-scale spacing tailored to building height, and (3) micro-scale courtyard modulation for low-angle winter radiation. Together, these strategies provide practical, scalable guidelines for energy-efficient, climate-responsive settlement design in the alpine regions of Qinghai. Full article

Background/Objectives: Family spirituality is an important concept in family nursing that reinforces the meaning of the family’s existence. However, no studies on specific family intervention methods have been conducted to date. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of family interventions using the family life review (FLR) program on changes to family spirituality. Methods: An FLR was conducted on six families having older adult members and undergoing family spiritual suffering, with two sessions spaced one week apart. The FLR was conducted using the Plot of Family Story (PFS), a tool for reviewing family history based on the concentric sphere family environment theory (CSFET). Semi-structured interviews and scoring using the Family Spirituality Index were conducted based on CSFET at three points in time: first before, and then after, the FLR, then again one month later, and changes in family spirituality were analyzed using mixed methods. Results: The families encountered family spiritual suffering in the family internal environment system, family system unit, and chrono system according to the CSFET. The FLR, when used with the PFS, was able to maintain, enhance, confer, and actualize family spirituality corresponding to the spiritual suffering being experienced by the target families. Conclusions: Family intervention through an FLR using the PFS can improve family spirituality in families undergoing family spiritual suffering. In this study, the PFS became a legacy for the family and raised awareness of the value of their existence. Full article

Background/Objectives: According to Embodied Cognition theories, motor skills in early childhood are closely interconnected with various cognitive abilities, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and theory of mind. These processes are integral components of the multicomponent model of narrative comprehension, which posits that higher-order cognitive functions support the construction of coherent mental representations of narrative meaning. This study aimed to examine whether motor skills directly contribute to narrative comprehension in preschool children or whether this relationship is mediated by cognitive skills. Methods: Seventy-four typically developing children aged 3 to 6 years (47.2% female) participated in this study. Motor skills were assessed using standardized measures, and cognitive abilities were evaluated through tasks targeting working memory, cognitive flexibility, and theory of mind. Narrative comprehension was measured with age-appropriate tasks requiring the understanding and retelling of stories. A structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to test the direct and indirect effects of motor skills on narrative comprehension via cognitive skills. Results: The SEM results indicated a significant direct effect of motor skills on cognitive skills and an indirect effect on narrative comprehension mediated by cognitive abilities. No evidence was found for a direct pathway from motor skills to narrative comprehension independent of cognitive processes. Conclusions: These findings underscore the complex interplay between motor, cognitive, and language development in early childhood. The results suggest that motor skills contribute to narrative comprehension indirectly by enhancing core cognitive abilities, offering novel insights into the developmental mechanisms that support language acquisition and understanding. Full article

China’s rapid urbanization has driven tremendous socioeconomic development while posing new forms of social–spatial inequalities that challenge environmental sustainability and spatial justice. This study investigates urban park-accessibility patterns across 10 s-tier provincial capital cities in China, examining how these patterns relate to housing-price dynamics to reveal diverse manifestations of social–spatial (in)justice. Using comprehensive spatial analysis grounded in distributive justice principles, we measure park accessibility through multiple metrics: distance to the nearest park, park size, and the number of parks within a 15 min walk from residential communities. Our findings reveal significant variation in park accessibility across these cities, with distinctive patterns emerging in the relationship between housing prices and park access that reflect different forms of social–spatial exclusion and inclusion. While most cities demonstrate an unbalanced spatial distribution of parks, they exhibit different forms of this disparity. Some cities show consistent park access across housing-price categories, while others display correlations between high housing prices and superior park accessibility. We argue that these divergent patterns reflect each city’s unique combination of economic development trajectory, politically strategic positioning within national urban hierarchies, and geographical constraints. Through this comparative analysis of second-tier cities, this study contributes to broader understandings of social–spatial (in)justice and urban environmental inequalities within China’s urbanization process, highlighting the need for place-specific approaches to achieving equitable access to urban amenities. Full article