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Keywords = skin prebiotic

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33 pages, 4819 KiB  
Review
Hydrogels Modulating the Microbiome: Therapies for Tissue Regeneration with Infection Control
by Germán Reynaldo Jiménez-Gastelum, Carlos Esteban Villegas-Mercado, Juan Luis Cota-Quintero, Silvia Ivonne Arzola-Rodríguez, Rosalío Ramos-Payán and Mercedes Bermúdez
Gels 2025, 11(8), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080584 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
This review explores the emerging role of functionalized hydrogels in modulating the microbiome for therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration and infection control. The skin and gut microbiomes play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and influencing the healing process. Disruptions [...] Read more.
This review explores the emerging role of functionalized hydrogels in modulating the microbiome for therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration and infection control. The skin and gut microbiomes play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and influencing the healing process. Disruptions in microbial balance—such as those observed in chronic wounds, autoimmune conditions, or post-surgical environments—can impair regeneration and increase susceptibility to infection. Hydrogels, due to their tunable physical and chemical properties, serve as versatile platforms for delivering probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobials, and immune-modulatory agents. The encapsulation of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum or Prevotella histicola, within hydrogels could enhance bacterial viability, targeted delivery, and immune tolerance. Additionally, hydrogels functionalized with silver nanoparticles, nitric oxide donors, and bacteriocins have demonstrated effective biofilm disruption and pathogen clearance. These systems also promote favorable immune responses, such as M2 macrophage polarization and the induction of regulatory T cells, which are essential for tissue repair. Innovative approaches, including 3D bioprinting, self-healing materials, and photothermal-responsive hydrogels, expand the clinical versatility of these systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Therapeutics)
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20 pages, 954 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence in Cosmetic Formulation: Predictive Modeling for Safety, Tolerability, and Regulatory Perspectives
by Antonio Di Guardo, Federica Trovato, Carmen Cantisani, Annunziata Dattola, Steven P. Nisticò, Giovanni Pellacani and Alessia Paganelli
Cosmetics 2025, 12(4), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12040157 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 711
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly transforming the landscape of cosmetic formulation, enabling the development of safer, more effective, and personalized products. This article explores how AI-driven predictive modeling is applied across various components of cosmetic products, including surfactants, polymers, [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly transforming the landscape of cosmetic formulation, enabling the development of safer, more effective, and personalized products. This article explores how AI-driven predictive modeling is applied across various components of cosmetic products, including surfactants, polymers, fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, and prebiotics. These technologies are employed to forecast critical properties such as texture, stability, and shelf-life, optimizing both product performance and user experience. The integration of computational toxicology and ML algorithms also allows for early prediction of skin sensitization risks, including the likelihood of adverse events such as allergic contact dermatitis. Furthermore, AI models can support efficacy assessment, bridging formulation science with dermatological outcomes. The article also addresses the ethical, regulatory, and safety challenges associated with AI in cosmetic science, underlining the need for transparency, accountability, and harmonized standards. The potential of AI to reshape dermocosmetic innovation is vast, but it must be approached with robust oversight and a commitment to user well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Cosmetics in 2025)
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25 pages, 2449 KiB  
Review
Microbiome-Based Products: Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Skin Diseases
by Anamarija Rušanac, Zara Škibola, Mario Matijašić, Hana Čipčić Paljetak and Mihaela Perić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6745; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146745 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Maintaining a balanced skin microbiota is essential for skin health, whereas disruptions in skin microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, can contribute to the onset and progression of various skin disorders. Microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with several inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, [...] Read more.
Maintaining a balanced skin microbiota is essential for skin health, whereas disruptions in skin microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, can contribute to the onset and progression of various skin disorders. Microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with several inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and rosacea. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analyses have provided a deeper understanding of the skin microbial communities in both health and disease. These discoveries are now being translated into novel therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring microbial balance and promoting skin health through microbiome-based interventions. Unlike conventional therapies that often disrupt the microbiota and lead to side effects or resistance, microbiome-based products offer a more targeted strategy for preventing and managing inflammatory skin diseases. These products, which include probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and live biotherapeutic agents, are designed to modulate the skin ecosystem by enhancing beneficial microbial populations, suppressing pathogenic strains, and enhancing immune tolerance. As a result, they represent a promising class of products with the potential to prevent, manage, and even reverse inflammatory skin conditions. However, realizing the full therapeutic potential of microbiome-based strategies in dermatology will require continued research, robust clinical validation, and clear regulatory frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
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19 pages, 1063 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Evaluation of a Gel Formulation with Postbiotics and Prebiotics Against Pathogenic Microorganisms Present in the Microbiota of Psoriatic Skin
by Nadine Gonçalves Mascarenhas, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Márcio Adriano Andréo, Newton Andréo-Filho and Patricia Santos Lopes
Microbiol. Res. 2025, 16(7), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16070134 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Although current treatments help manage the condition, many present limitations that affect patient adherence, particularly topical therapies. Given that the skin microbiota represents a promising therapeutic target, this study investigated the potential of prebiotics [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Although current treatments help manage the condition, many present limitations that affect patient adherence, particularly topical therapies. Given that the skin microbiota represents a promising therapeutic target, this study investigated the potential of prebiotics derived from β-glucans and postbiotics produced by Lactobacillus paracasei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to modulate microbial balance; the in vitro activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Malassezia furfur, both as isolated compounds and within topical formulations. Extracts were characterized by HPLC, and antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods. Postbiotic extracts at 500 mg/mL inhibited microbial growth by 90–97%. Oat-derived β-glucan at 0.5% inhibited over 97% of microbial growth, while yeast-derived β-glucan showed approximately 60% inhibition. In agar diffusion tests, the active ingredients reduced the growth of both microorganisms, except for the yeast-derived β-glucan. These findings are promising and suggest that these bioactive compounds could support the rebalancing of skin microbiota in dermatological conditions. Further research is needed to identify the molecules produced by probiotics and assess the most suitable vehicle for incorporating the active compounds. Full article
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35 pages, 5123 KiB  
Review
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
by Meijun Zeng, Yang Li, Jie Cheng, Jingyu Wang and Qiyu Liu
Antioxidants 2025, 14(6), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060754 - 18 Jun 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted significant interest in dermatology and skin health due to their ability to modulate the skin microbiome and microbiota–host interactions. This review offers a novel dual perspective, systematically examining the benefits of both oral intake and topical application of prebiotic [...] Read more.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted significant interest in dermatology and skin health due to their ability to modulate the skin microbiome and microbiota–host interactions. This review offers a novel dual perspective, systematically examining the benefits of both oral intake and topical application of prebiotic oligosaccharides, including well-established prebiotics (e.g., human milk oligosaccharides, galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides) and emerging prebiotic candidates (e.g., gluco-oligosaccharides, chitosan-oligosaccharides, agaro-oligosaccharides). First, cutting-edge synthetic processes for producing diverse oligosaccharides and their structural chemistry are introduced. Then, we discuss in vitro studies demonstrating their efficacy in promoting skin commensals, inhibiting pathogens, and conferring protective effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, and wound-healing properties. Furthermore, we emphasize in vivo animal studies and clinical trials revealing that prebiotic oligosaccharides, administered orally or topically, alleviate atopic dermatitis, enhance skin hydration, attenuate acne, and protect against photo-aging by modulating skin–gut microbiota and immune responses. Mechanistically, we integrate genetic and molecular insights to elucidate how oligosaccharides mediate these benefits, including gut–skin axis crosstalk, immune regulation, and microbial metabolite signaling. Finally, we highlight current commercial applications of oligosaccharides in cosmetic formulations while addressing scientific and practical challenges, such as structure–function relationships, clinical scalability, and regulatory considerations. This review bridges mechanistic understanding with practical applications, offering a comprehensive resource for advancing prebiotic oligosaccharides-based skincare therapies. Full article
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26 pages, 2250 KiB  
Review
Sustainable Nanotechnology Strategies for Modulating the Human Gut Microbiota
by Gréta Törős, Gabriella Gulyás, Hassan El-Ramady, Walaa Alibrahem, Arjun Muthu, Prasad Gangakhedkar, Reina Atieh and József Prokisch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(12), 5433; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125433 - 6 Jun 2025
Viewed by 697
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating the development of sustainable and innovative antimicrobial strategies. Plant-based nanomaterials, particularly those synthesized from agricultural byproducts, such as mango seeds, tomato skins, and orange peels, have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating the development of sustainable and innovative antimicrobial strategies. Plant-based nanomaterials, particularly those synthesized from agricultural byproducts, such as mango seeds, tomato skins, and orange peels, have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent antimicrobial activity and reduced likelihood of resistance development. These nanomaterials exert their effects through diverse mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, the disruption of microbial membranes, and interference with critical cellular functions, such as DNA replication. Beyond their antimicrobial properties, recent studies have demonstrated their ability to modulate gut microbiota composition—promoting beneficial genera such as, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while inhibiting pathogenic species like Staphylococcus spp. This dual functionality positions them as attractive agents for prebiotic interventions and targeted dietary strategies. The convergence of plant-derived nanotechnology and personalized nutrition, guided by individual microbiota profiles, offers a novel paradigm for enhancing host health and preventing infection-related disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sustainable production of nanomaterials from agricultural and food industry waste, their antimicrobial and prebiotic applications, and their potential in regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, we discuss emerging nanoenabled strategies to combat infectious diseases and highlight future directions for mechanistic studies, safety assessments, and clinical translation in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food contexts. Full article
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13 pages, 981 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Cosmetic Efficacy of Topical Micrococcus luteus Q24 Probiotic Balm: A Pilot Study in Healthy Adults
by Abigail L. Voss, Stephanie A. Mattison, Sonali S. Sali, John D. F. Hale and Rohit Jain
Cosmetics 2025, 12(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12030105 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 1260
Abstract
The skin microbiome is a focus for innovative skincare. This study investigated topical semi-solid balm formulations of Micrococcus luteus Q24, a live skin-native probiotic, to enhance skin quality parameters such as hydration, pores, pigmentation, wrinkles and dryness. Firstly, the compatibility and growth-promoting effects [...] Read more.
The skin microbiome is a focus for innovative skincare. This study investigated topical semi-solid balm formulations of Micrococcus luteus Q24, a live skin-native probiotic, to enhance skin quality parameters such as hydration, pores, pigmentation, wrinkles and dryness. Firstly, the compatibility and growth-promoting effects of prebiotics and functional actives on M. luteus Q24 were evaluated, identifying oil-based actives, including vitamin E and pomegranate seed oil, that significantly boosted bacterial growth compared to oatmeal, the sole effective prebiotic tested. Subsequently, a pilot cosmetic trial assessed two M. luteus Q24-enriched balms on healthy adults utilising a cutting-edge AI (Artificial Intelligence) driven skin analyser device. Balm B significantly reduced keratin levels, wrinkles, and pore size, and increased hydration, while Balm A effectively reduced spots and keratin. After 4 days of application, Balm A showed mean percentage reductions of 80% in pores, 20% in spots, 60% in wrinkles, and 100% in keratin scores, while Balm B exhibited mean percentage reductions of 100% in pores, 50% in spots, 67% in wrinkles, and 80% in keratin, with a 100% increase in hydration score. Both balms demonstrated compatibility and efficacy, highlighting the potential of M. luteus Q24 in improving skin parameters. These findings suggest that balms optimise the benefits of skin-specific probiotics for microbiome-friendly skincare. Future research with larger, placebo-controlled trials is needed to substantiate these preliminary findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Cosmetics in 2025)
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14 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
The Role of Prebiotic and Herbal Supplementation in Enhancing Welfare and Resilience of Kenguri Sheep Subjected to Transportation Stress
by Veerasamy Sejian, Chinnasamy Devaraj, Chikamagalore Gopalakrishna Shashank, Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan Silpa, Artabandhu Sahoo and Raghavendra Bhatta
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(5), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050442 - 5 May 2025
Viewed by 608
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of prebiotic and herbal supplements to relieve transportation stress based on changes in physiological, hematological, and molecular responses in Kenguri sheep. Thirty healthy female sheep were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (CKS) [...] Read more.
A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of prebiotic and herbal supplements to relieve transportation stress based on changes in physiological, hematological, and molecular responses in Kenguri sheep. Thirty healthy female sheep were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (CKS) with no supplementation, a prebiotic supplementation group (PKS), and an herbal supplementation group (HKS). The animals were transported 230 km over seven hours during summer conditions, with temperatures ranging from 32.5 °C to 34.9 °C. The groups that received the prebiotic (75.6 breaths/min; 64.8 beats/min) and herbal supplementation (31.0 breaths/min; 66.8 beats/min) had a significantly reduced respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) compared to those of the control group (38.7 breaths/min; 75.6 beats/min) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), indicating improved physiological stability. The hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) levels were also significantly lower in the PKS (24.2 g/dL; 24.8%) and HKS (24.7 g/dL; 24.5%) groups than in the CKS (28.1 g/dL; 24.9%) (p < 0.05), highlighting the mitigation of hematological stress. Further, the plasma glucose level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the HKS group (80.0 mg/dL) compared to the CKS group (63.5 mg/dL). However, rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST), red blood cells (RBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cells (WBCs) showed no significant differences among the groups. These findings demonstrate that prebiotic and herbal supplementation can effectively reduce transportation-induced stress in Kenguri sheep, offering a practical strategy to improve the welfare and resilience of livestock under challenging environmental conditions. Full article
44 pages, 2568 KiB  
Review
Matrix Dynamics and Microbiome Crosstalk: Matrix Metalloproteinases as Key Players in Disease and Therapy
by Paraskevi Ioannou, Elias Katsoulieris and Nikolaos A. Afratis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3621; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083621 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1193
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, regulating a wide range of cellular and immune processes in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Host–microbiota interactions play a critical role in maintaining ECM balance; however, during dysbiosis, this regulation is [...] Read more.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, regulating a wide range of cellular and immune processes in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Host–microbiota interactions play a critical role in maintaining ECM balance; however, during dysbiosis, this regulation is disrupted, leading to compromised barrier integrity, pathogen translocation into circulation, and the development of systemic diseases and cancer. This review highlights the bidirectional relationship between MMP expression/activity and microbiota dysbiosis, emphasizing tissue-specific alterations in MMP activity that contribute to disease progression. In addition, it integrates interdisciplinary evidence to illustrate the MMP-dependent mechanisms underlying various pathologies associated with oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis, including long-range effects through the gut–skin and gut–brain axes. Thus, this review introduces the emerging field of MatrixBiome, which explores the complex interactions between the ECM, microbiota, and host tissues. Finally, it also outlines therapeutic strategies to modulate MMP levels, either indirectly through microbiome-targeted approaches (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) or directly using MMP inhibitors, offering promising avenues for future clinical interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Metalloproteases)
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12 pages, 2030 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Effect of Enzymatically-Derived Blackcurrant Extract on Skin Staphylococci Using an In Vitro Human Stratum Corneum Model
by Marija Ćorović, Anja Petrov Ivanković, Ana Milivojević, Klaus Pfeffer, Bernhard Homey, Patrick A. M. Jansen, Patrick L. J. M. Zeeuwen, Ellen H. van den Bogaard and Dejan Bezbradica
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(4), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17040487 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 707
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic stressors can disrupt the balance of the skin microbiome, leading to the development of various skin diseases. It has been proven that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important commensals for maintaining skin microbiome homeostasis and fighting cutaneous pathogens [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic stressors can disrupt the balance of the skin microbiome, leading to the development of various skin diseases. It has been proven that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important commensals for maintaining skin microbiome homeostasis and fighting cutaneous pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Here, we examined the influence of polyphenol-rich enzymatic blackcurrant extract (EBCE) on pathogenic coagulase-positive S. aureus strains and beneficial CoNS, like Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), to explore its potential for rebalancing the skin microbiota. Methods: The polyphenol profile of EBCE was determined by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Microwell plate assays were employed to study the effect of EBCE on five S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of atopic dermatitis patients. An in vitro human stratum corneum model was used to test its effect on mixed bacterial cultures. Results: EBCE inhibited the growth of all tested S. aureus strains by 80–100% at the highest tested concentration after 7 h. No microbial growth was observed at the highest tested EBCE concentration using the stratum corneum model inoculated with one selected pathogen (S. aureus SA-DUS-017) and one commensal laboratory strain (S. epidermidis DSM 20044). The lowest tested concentration did not interfere with S. aureus growth but strongly stimulated the growth of S. epidermidis (~300-fold colony forming unit increase). In addition, low EBCE concentrations strongly stimulated CoNS growth in microbiome samples taken from the armpits of healthy volunteers that were spiked with S. aureus SA-DUS-017. Conclusions: These preclinical data support further testing of EBCE-enriched topical preparations as potential cutaneous prebiotics in human studies. Full article
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15 pages, 489 KiB  
Review
Post-COVID Gut Dysbiosis and Its Role in Persistent Skin Disorders: A Gut–Skin Axis Perspective
by Dorra Guermazi and Elias Guermazi
COVID 2025, 5(4), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5040048 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1550
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to persistent complications beyond the respiratory system, with emerging evidence highlighting the role of gut dysbiosis in long COVID. Given the established gut–skin axis, alterations in gut microbiota post-COVID-19 may contribute to persistent dermatologic conditions such as eczema, [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to persistent complications beyond the respiratory system, with emerging evidence highlighting the role of gut dysbiosis in long COVID. Given the established gut–skin axis, alterations in gut microbiota post-COVID-19 may contribute to persistent dermatologic conditions such as eczema, acne, and rosacea. This review explores the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the gut microbiome, leading to systemic inflammation and skin disease. Furthermore, it examines potential interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications, as microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies for post-COVID dermatologic recovery. Understanding this link may open new avenues for treating chronic inflammatory skin conditions in long COVID patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Long COVID and Post-Acute Sequelae)
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32 pages, 3000 KiB  
Review
Almond By-Products: A Comprehensive Review of Composition, Bioactivities, and Influencing Factors
by Vânia Silva, Ivo Oliveira, José Alberto Pereira and Berta Gonçalves
Foods 2025, 14(6), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14061042 - 19 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2326
Abstract
One of today’s major environmental and economic challenges is the fight against both agro- and industrial-waste. Almond production and industrial processing exemplifies this issue, as it generates tons of waste and by-products, with hulls and shells accounting for about 70% of the total [...] Read more.
One of today’s major environmental and economic challenges is the fight against both agro- and industrial-waste. Almond production and industrial processing exemplifies this issue, as it generates tons of waste and by-products, with hulls and shells accounting for about 70% of the total fruit’s weight while skins represent about 6% of the shelled kernel. Since the edible kernel, about 23% of the total fruit weight, holds the highest commercial value, there has been growing interest within the scientific community in exploring the potential of these by-products. However, almond by-products contain a wide range of phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds (flavonoids and non-flavonoids), and triterpenoids, with great potential as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and prebiotic properties. Although these by-products are being explored as alternative sources in the textile, pharmaceutical/cosmetic, and food industries, their primary use remains in livestock feed or bedding, or as biofuel. This review compiles recent scientific data on almond by-products’ phytochemical composition and bioactivities aiming to support sustainable and holistic agricultural practices. Full article
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12 pages, 1300 KiB  
Review
Probiotics and Diet in Rosacea: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
by Marco Manfredini, Michele Barbieri, Margherita Milandri and Caterina Longo
Biomolecules 2025, 15(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15030411 - 13 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4806
Abstract
Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disease, characterized by erythema, papules and pustules. The pathophysiology of rosacea remains unclear, but the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors may act as a trigger to an abnormal innate immune response associated with a multifaceted [...] Read more.
Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disease, characterized by erythema, papules and pustules. The pathophysiology of rosacea remains unclear, but the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors may act as a trigger to an abnormal innate immune response associated with a multifaceted neurovascular reaction. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea, playing an important role in the inflammatory cutaneous response. Dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, Helicobacter pylori infection and innate immune system dysregulation mutually contribute to the pathophysiology of rosacea, but more extensive future research is needed to better clarify their precise mechanisms of action. Many dietary triggers have been postulated for this disease; however, there is a lack of well-made and controlled studies able to undoubtedly demonstrate a causal relationship between rosacea and diet. We analyzed the available studies on the role of diet and gut microbiome in rosacea and the positive clinical effects reported by the current literature on probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients. Ultimately, this article improves our understanding of the gut–skin axis in rosacea, focusing on how probiotic supplementation and diet could improve the clinical management of patients affected by this common and debilitating disease. Full article
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22 pages, 6760 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential, Ethnomedicinal Values, and Phytochemistry of Helianthus tuberosus L.: A Review
by Ruvimbo Faith Tapera, Xavier Siwe-Noundou, Leshweni Jeremia Shai and Shoeshoe Mokhele
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(12), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17121672 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1662
Abstract
Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) tubers and aerial parts possess both nutritional and therapeutic properties. The Jerusalem artichoke has been utilized for various applications, including its use as a functional food source, a reservoir of bioactive compounds, and a raw material to produce [...] Read more.
Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) tubers and aerial parts possess both nutritional and therapeutic properties. The Jerusalem artichoke has been utilized for various applications, including its use as a functional food source, a reservoir of bioactive compounds, and a raw material to produce biofuels. Moreover, the Jerusalem artichoke is a rich source of an indigestible polysaccharide called inulin, which serves as a prebiotic that improves gastrointestinal health. This plant has been used globally throughout history as a dietary supplement, for pain treatment, to reduce swelling, and to boost the immune system, as well as to treat skin wounds in folk medicine. It is an abundant source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, coumarins, and flavonoids, which are known to exert pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The literature on its potential as an antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-fungistatic, antiviral, and anti-obesity agent, among others, is scanty. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Helianthus tuberosus L.’s traditional uses, nutritional properties, secondary bioactive compounds, and pharmacological properties to further explore its health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products for Therapeutic Potential)
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10 pages, 1070 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Phenolic Components, Fiber Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Prebiotic Capacity of a Shortbread Cookie Fortified with Hazelnut Skin Waste
by Lara Costantini, Giacomo Di Matteo, Martina Felli, Daniel V. Savatin, Luisa Mannina and Nicolò Merendino
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3814; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233814 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1008
Abstract
Food reformulation is a strategy to make healthier foods by using food waste matrices that are still nutritionally valid. A shortbread cookie was reformulated replacing hazelnut skin (HS) of the Tonda Gentile Romana variety (5% and 10%) to refined flour and proportionally decreasing [...] Read more.
Food reformulation is a strategy to make healthier foods by using food waste matrices that are still nutritionally valid. A shortbread cookie was reformulated replacing hazelnut skin (HS) of the Tonda Gentile Romana variety (5% and 10%) to refined flour and proportionally decreasing the butter amount. This resulted in significant, two- and five-fold, increases in the antioxidant capacity compared with the control, in the 5% and 10% fortified recipes, respectively. Among the most important antioxidants, gallic acid, catechin, phloridzin, and protocatechuic acid were found. Moreover, here we found, for the first time, that HS from the Romana variety had a high total fiber content (44.13 g/100 g), most of which was insoluble fiber. Therefore, HS 10% addition to the shortbread cookie recipe caused a significant increase in fiber content, making the experimental cookie earn the nutritional claim of “high fiber content”. Finally, preliminary evidence demonstrated that 10% HS, in comparison to 5%, following in vitro upper gastrointestinal digestion, conferred significant prebiotic activity in an in vitro culture of L. rhamnosus. Therefore, from the perspective of the circular economy, HS could be a valuable ingredient to increase the antioxidant and prebiotic activities of conventional foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Functional Foods: New Trends and Perspectives)
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