Objective. To assess the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the laryngoscopic signs of reflux laryngitis.
Material and methods. Using original quantitative evaluation system, the laryngoscopic signs of 108 patients with reflux laryngitis and 9...
One of the greatest challenges in modern gynecological oncology is ovarian cancer. Despite the numerous studies currently being conducted, it is still sometimes detected at late clinical stages, where the prognosis is unfavorable. One significant con...
24 July 2020
In this paper, a formula for estimating the prevalence ratio of a disease in a population that is tested with imperfect tests is given. The formula is in terms of the fraction of positive test results and test parameters, i.e., probability of true po...
While falls among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been closely associated with an increased postural sway during ecological activities of daily living, there is a dearth of postural sway detection (PSD) research in ecological envir...
The histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) from biopsies is a current challenge if double or triple staining is needed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of a new reliable biomarker to diagnose PCa patients. We aimed to e...
Sample size calculation in biomedical practice is typically based on the problematic Wald method for a binomial proportion, with potentially dangerous consequences. This work highlights the need of incorporating the concept of conditional probability...
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) continues to be a major health problem worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality due to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine...
A timely detection of visual hemifield deficits (VHFDs; hemianopias or quadrantanopias) is critical for both the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients. The present study determined the sensitivity and specificity of four qualitative visual field...
Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and debilitating clinical features of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Neuropsychological assessment, however, is time-consuming and requires personal resources, so, due to limited resourc...
(1) Background: the study of dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) has a limited role in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa), and there is a growing interest in performing unenhanced biparametric prostate-MRI (bpMRI) instead of the conventional multi...
Stroke survivors with right-brain damage (RBD) often present with attentional deficits such as left unilateral spatial neglect. Some patients also present with contralesional visual hemi-field deficits. A late detection of visual hemi-field deficits...
Sample size calculation based on a specified width of 95% confidence interval will offer researchers the freedom to set the level of accuracy of the statistics that they aim to achieve for a particular study. This paper provides a description of the...
Antibodies against HPV16 early proteins have been shown to be promising biomarkers for the identification of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) among OPC cases in multiple studies. A systematic literature search was performed to identify origi...
Investigational diagnostic tests are validated by using a reference standard (RS). If the RS is imperfect (i.e., it has sensitivity [Se] and/or specificity [Sp] < 1), incorrect values for the investigational test’s Se and Sp may result becau...
An estimated 1.5 billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). These infections are targeted for elimination by the World Health Organization (WHO) by 2030, with the main interv...
The continuous and rapid spread of African swine fever (ASF) still poses a significant threat to Eurasian wild boar and domestic pigs, leading to substantial economic losses in all associated sectors annually. In Europe, including Germany, affected w...
Background/Objectives: This work introduces accuracy- and precision-ROC curves in addition to SS– and PV–ROC curves and shows a novel means of profiling biomarker characteristics for validation of optimal cutoffs in clinical diagnostics a...
In Ecuador, a national program for bovine brucellosis control has been in implementation since 2008. Given the costs, small- and medium-sized livestock holders are not completely committed to it. The objective of this study was to determine true prev...
16 April 2022
A residential building’s wastewater presents a potential non-invasive method of surveilling numerous infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed wastewater from 16 different residential locations at Syracuse University (Syracuse, NY,...
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased tremendously in recent decades, which can be attributed to growing exposure to environmental triggers, changes in dietary habits, comorbidity, and the increased use of medications. In this context, th...
Adjusting for covariates is important in the study of the performance of diagnostic tests. In this manuscript, the simultaneous comparison of the sensitivities and specificities of two binary diagnostic tests is studied when discrete covariates are o...
Drug addiction is a disease that is characterized by a compulsion, a desire to take different substances permanently or for a certain period of time. Numerous negative incidents, such as crimes, work accidents and traffic accidents, are related to us...
The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a novel surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity and was found comparable to the gold standard clamp test as well as for predicting the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in several populations. The pr...
The technique of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) utilizes four (or six) primers targeting six (or eight) regions within a fairly small segment of a genome for amplification, with concentration higher than that used in traditional PCR m...
The cost-effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) remains controversial due to variant call variability, necessitating sensitivity and specificity evaluation. WES was performed by three companies (AA, BB, and CC) using reference standards compos...
Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating neoplasms of the central nervous system. This study focused on the development of serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-based glioblastoma tumor marker panels that can be used in a clinic to diagnose glioblastom...
This study determines the sensitivity and specificity of a screening test to detect perceptual abnormalities and whether there are differences between gender. Vision is a complex process involving visual perception. Any alterations can affect learnin...
A novel chitosan (CS) functionalized optical fiber sensor with a bullet-shaped hollow cavity was proposed in this work for the trace concentration of Pb2+ ion detection in the water environment. The sensor is an optical fiber Mach–Zehnder inter...
Uveal melanoma (UM) metastasises in ~50% of patients, most frequently to the liver. Surveillance imaging can provide early detection of hepatic metastases; however, guidance regarding UM patient risk stratification for surveillance is unclear. This s...
Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) are essential micronutrients for aquatic life, but they produce adverse effects on aquatic organisms when environmental concentrations exceed a certain threshold. The objective of this study was to analyze the...
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to assess the application of a multitude of effective diagnostic specimens for conducting mass testing, for accurate diagnosis and to formulate strategies for its prevention and control. As one of t...
A highly sensitive Au-graphene structure D-type fiber surface plasmon resonance biosensor is presented in this study to specifically detect biomolecules. The method of growing graphene is employed directly on the copper, and then a gold film of optim...
Zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in food and feed is prevalent and has severe effects on humans and animals post-consumption. Therefore, a sensitive, specific, rapid, and reliable method for detecting a single residue of ZEN is necessary. This study a...
The growth and reproduction of microorganisms on fabrics could not only affect the wearability of textiles but also cause harm to human health, and it is an important problem that should be solved to reduce the adsorption and growth of microorganisms...
Background: Since the introduction of the SLICC criteria in 2012, biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN) has been the only independent diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This was reaffirmed by the EULAR/ACR in 2019, emphasizing...
In addition to their use as an additive to improve physical properties of solvent polymeric membranes, plasticizers have a considerable impact on the specificity and sensitivity of membrane-modified electrochemical sensors. In this work, we aim at th...
Additive manufacturing (AM) can quickly and easily obtain lattice structures with light weight and excellent mechanical properties. Body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structure is a basic type of lattice structure. BCC with Z strut (BCCZ) lattice stru...
Genomic selection (GS) is a predictive methodology that is revolutionizing plant and animal breeding. However, the practical application of the GS methodology is challenging since a successful implementation requires a good identification of the best...
Background: The Distress Thermometer (DT) is a screening tool recommended to quickly identify cancer patients with distress. Our study aimed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of the DT in detecting psychological distress in long-term Chinese...
Background: We assessed the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of molecular and serological tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A total of 346 patients were enrolled in the emergenc...
The digestion of protein into peptide fragments reduces the size and complexity of protein molecules. Peptide fragments can be analyzed with higher sensitivity (often > 102 fold) and resolution using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers, leading to improv...
Simultaneous aflatoxin (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in agro-products have become widespread globally and have a toxic superposition effect. In the present study, we describe a highly sensitive and specific dual lateral flow immunochroma...
Buprestids are an emerging threat to broadleaf forests across the world. Species such as emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) seriously threaten ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and Europe. As it continues spreading west from European Rus...
Sensitivity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a positive assignment out of all subjects who are actually positive for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly have the outcome of interest. Specifi...
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem affecting the quality of life of more than 2 billion individuals. The current practice guidelines diagnose and monitor IDA via conventional hematological and iron biomarkers, which t...
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola gigantica or F. hepatica infections, which are frequently occurring parasites in animals and humans. The present gold-standard diagnostic technique involves finding parasite eggs through microscopy...
Background: Clinical validation using the Biozek COVID-19 test including sensitivity and specificity and associated patient-reported symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods: 316 sera were analyzed including 47 hospitalized cases, 50 mild cas...
Gonorrhea is one of the most common, but still hidden and insidious, sexually transmitted diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci). However, the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea are hampered by antigenic variability among gonococci, t...
(1) Background: Histological diagnosis and tumor grading are major prognostic and predictive factors in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), as they dictate the treatment strategies with a direct impact on patient survival. This study aims to investigate the...
Observational pain scales can help to identify pain in persons with dementia who may have difficulty expressing pain verbally. The Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition-15 (PAIC15) covers 15 items that indicate pain, but it is unclear how probable pa...
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