Search Results (3,756)

The sustainability of Arctic ecosystems that are extremely vulnerable is contingent upon the state of cryosoils. Understanding the principles of ecosystem stability in permafrost conditions, particularly under external natural or human-induced influences, necessitates an examination of the thermal and moisture regimes of the seasonally thawed soil layer. The study concentrated on the variability in the soil’s thermophysical properties in Central Siberia’s permafrost zone (the northern part of Krasnoyarsk Region, Taimyr, Russia). In the industrially affected area of interest, we evaluated and contrasted the differences in the thermophysical properties of soils between two opposing types of landscapes. On the one hand, these are soils that are characteristic of the natural landscape of flat shrub tundra, with a well-developed moss–lichen cover. An alternative is the soils in the landscape, which have exhibited significant degradation in the vegetation cover due to both natural and human-induced factors. The heat-insulating properties of background areas are controlled by the layer of moss and shrubs, while its disturbance determines the excessive heating of the soil at depth. In comparison to the background soil characteristics, degradation of on-ground vegetation causes the active layer depth of the soils to double and the temperature gradient to decrease. With respect to depth, we examine the changes in soil temperature and heat flow dynamics (q, W/m²). The ranges of thermal conductivity (λ, W/(m∙K)) were assessed using field-measured temperature profiles and heat flux values in the soil layers. The background soil was discovered to have lower thermal conductivity values, which are typical of organic matter, in comparison to the soil of the transformed landscape. Thermal diffusivity coefficients for soil layers were calculated using long-term temperature monitoring data. It is shown that it is possible to use an adjusted model of the thermal conductivity coefficient to reconstruct the dynamics of moisture content from temperature dynamics data. A satisfactory agreement is shown when the estimated ($W_{calc}$, %) and observed ($W_{exp}$, %) moisture content values in the soil layer are compared. The findings will be employed to regulate the effects on landscapes in order to implement sustainable nature management in the region, thereby preventing the significant degradation of ecosystems and the concomitant risks to human well-being. Full article

This study investigated the occupational hazard effects of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) from soil in several critical mining activity areas at the Majdanpek copper mine in Serbia. Soil contamination and associated ecological and health risks to workers were evaluated through an apportionment of sources and a quantitative evaluation of ecological and health risks. The majority of soil samples had increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, Mo, and Sb. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis suggested the existence of multiple sources. The positive matrix factorization further explained these associations between HMs and defined three main pollution sources: natural (Factor 1), mixed source (Factor 2), and mining pollution (Factor 3). According to the RI, the average value was 1215, with more than half of the samples (57.4%) showing very high pollution levels, while 3.3% of the samples had an RI lower than 150. The ecological risk was dominated by Cd, Cu, and Hg, with Factor 3 contributing the most to the RI values. Assessment of worker exposure to soil revealed that outdoor workers had a higher potential for adverse health effects, with mean HI and TCR being 0.18 and 2.9 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. The identified sources had similar impacts on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, with a decreasing trend: Factor 3 > Factor 2 > Factor 1. Indoor workers were exposed to neither non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks, whereas outdoor workers suffered from possible health issues regarding TCR. Source-specific health risk assessment indicated mining pollution as the only risk contributing factor. A Monte Carlo simulation of risks revealed that the probability of developing carcinogenic issues for outdoor workers was within the safety threshold (TCR < 10⁻⁴). The findings of this study emphasize the need for regulation and control strategies for worker health risks from HM-contaminated soil in mining areas. Full article

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease treatment is being reevaluated, since a residual cardiovascular risk (RCR) persists even in patients who achieve optimal LDL-C values. Underlying causes are metabolic dysfunction, lipoprotein(a), inflammation, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. Dietary treatment options like time-restricted eating (TRE) are becoming more widely acknowledged for their potential advantages in metabolic health and weight control, as a treatment of atherosclerosis expanding beyond LDL-C medication. Beyond weight loss, TRE (which restricts meals to a window of 6 to 8 h) appears as the most accessible treatment, and has been shown to improve blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glucose regulation through mechanisms like metabolic switching and circadian synchronization. We hypothesize, and will present our arguments, that a key mechanism underlying the cardiovascular and weight-related benefits of TRE is its impact on the circadian regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) activity within adipose tissue. Additionally, lipolysis is accelerated by ANGPTL4 activation. TRE, via its actions on ANGPTL4, therefore not only inhibits adipose fatty acid uptake but stimulates their release as well. Additionally, TRE may increase intravascular very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) catabolism by muscle due to the reduced exposure of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to competing chylomicrons, known to slow the rate of VLDL catabolism. During the prolonged fasting, VLDL residence time is thus shortened, limiting the exposure to endothelium and hepatic lipases and thus reducing the amount of atherogenic remnant particles. Larger, longer-term randomized controlled studies in a variety of groups are required to further clarify TRE’s function in RCR prevention and therapy. As knowledge of triglyceride lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism expands, a comprehensive strategy for the management of RCR emerges, and a broader spectrum of LPL regulator-based therapeutics is created. Consequently, it is advisable to prioritize further research into the influence of TRE on LPL modulation via ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, which provides a natural, accessible, and low-cost alternative. Full article

Background and Objectives: Changes in the environment and physiology may be associated with an increased or decreased risk of cancer. Our study aims to evaluate the strength and the direction of the selection acting on oncosuppressor genes in association with phenotypic changes. Methods: We calculated the relative evolutionary rate (RER) using the converge method and linear regression on branches of phylogenetic trees. The association between changes in the evolutionary rate of oncosuppressors (DNA repair and cell cycle control genes) and trait selection was studied. The evolutionary rates of single oncosuppressor genes and pathways were evaluated. We studied two types of traits: those that are characteristic of vertebrates, such as homeothermy (the ability to maintain a constant body temperature), flight, and amnions; and those that are characteristic of mammals, such as high body mass and lifespan, an underground lifestyle, and hibernation. The analysis included 19,445 genes; 100 vertebrates and 46 mammalian species. We studied ancestral branches individually and all the clades having a trait. Results: Oncosuppressor genes accelerated in association with the ability to fly; p-value = 0.03 (positive or relaxed negative selection) and decelerated in homeothermic species; p-value = 0.04 (stabilizing selection). DNA repair genes were significantly accelerated in ancestral branches and in all clades of amniotic, homeothermic, and high-body-mass mammals (p-value < 0.05, FDR correction). Cell cycle control genes were under stabilizing selection in homeothermic animals, high-body-mass, long-lived, and underground mammals (p-value < 0.05, FDR correction). Data on the evolution of oncosuppressors are crucial for understanding the origin of cancer and will be important for future studies of tumor pathogenesis, pathomorphosis, and microevolution. Conclusions: The selection of traits associated with changes in cancer risk leads to positive/relaxed negative and stabilizing selection of oncosuppressor genes. Full article

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of umbilical artery half peak systolic velocity deceleration time (UA hPSV-DT) for composite adverse perinatal outcomes (CAPO) in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: In this prospective observational study, 120 singleton pregnancies in the third trimester were enrolled: 30 insulin-regulated GDM (IRGDM), 30 diet-regulated GDM (DRGDM), and 60 healthy controls. UA hPSV-DT and standard Doppler indices were measured using a standardized protocol by a single perinatologist. An abnormal UA hPSV-DT was defined as <5th percentile for gestational age. Maternal metabolic parameters, fetal biometry, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome was CAPO, defined as the presence of one or more adverse perinatal events. Results: Median UA hPSV-DT values were significantly lower in IRGDM (171 ms) and DRGDM (184 ms) compared with controls (227 ms) (p = 0.006). Abnormal UA hPSV-DT occurred in 43.3% of GDM cases and was associated with higher estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference percentiles, increased amniotic fluid, elevated OGTT values, higher HbA1c, and more frequent insulin therapy (p < 0.01 for all). In GDM pregnancies, CAPO occurred in 73.1% of the abnormal UA hPSV-DT group versus 11.8% of the normal group (p < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a cut-off of < 181 ms for predicting CAPO (AUC 0.741, 70.3% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity). Conclusions: UA hPSV-DT is a novel, reproducible Doppler parameter that independently predicts adverse perinatal outcomes in GDM pregnancies, even when conventional UA Doppler indices are normal. Incorporating UA hPSV-DT into routine surveillance may improve risk stratification and guide management to optimize perinatal outcomes. Full article

Brucellosis remains an underreported zoonotic disease in Ecuador. Its control program in cattle integrates diagnostic testing, vaccination, and eradication incentives, although participation is largely voluntary. Since 2025, vaccination has become compulsory nationwide. Human surveillance remains largely passive, and strain-level data are very limited. This study applied an integrated approach, combining serology (Rose Bengal and SAT-EDTA), microbiological culture, and molecular diagnostics, to assess the presence and diversity of Brucella spp. in cattle and pigs from six slaughterhouses in the northern Andean highlands. A total of 2054 cattle and 1050 pigs from Carchi, Imbabura, and Pichincha were sampled. Among cattle, 133 (6.5%; 95% CI: 5.5–7.6) were seropositive, and viable B. abortus strains were isolated from 17 (12.8%). Genus identification was confirmed by IS711-PCR, while species- and biovar-level differentiation was achieved with AMOS-PCR; additional assays targeting the ery gene and RB51 marker were used to distinguish field from vaccine strains. Biotyping and molecular analysis revealed a predominance of B. abortus biovar 4 (13/17 isolates) over biovar 1, all confirmed as field strains. In pigs, 10 animals (0.95%) tested seropositive, but no isolates were recovered, highlighting limitations of serology in swine. Most livestock, including the positives, originated locally, reinforcing the representativeness of our findings. The successful isolation and molecular characterization of B. abortus demonstrates the value of combining diagnostic strategies beyond serology. These results underscore the utility of active surveillance when supported by traceability systems; this approach may also contribute to guide interventions to reduce infection risk in livestock and humans. Full article

The value of personal data can only be unlocked through efficient circulation. This study explores a multi-party collaborative mechanism for personal-data trading, aiming to improve data quality and market vitality via incentive-compatible institutional design, thereby supporting the high-quality development of the digital economy. Symmetry enhancement refers to the use of strategies and mechanisms to narrow the information gap among data controllers, operators, and demanders, enabling all parties to facilitate personal-data transactions on relatively equal footing. Drawing on evolutionary-game theory, we construct a tripartite dynamic-game model that incorporates data controllers, data operators, and data demanders. We analyze how initial willingness, payoff structures, breach costs, and risk factors (e.g., data leakage) shape each party’s strategic choices (cooperate vs. defect) and their evolutionary trajectories, in search of stable equilibrium conditions and core incentive mechanisms for a healthy market. We find that (1) the initial willingness to cooperate among participants is the foundation of a virtuous cycle; (2) the net revenue of data products significantly influences operators’ and demanders’ propensity to cooperate; and (3) the severity of breach penalties and the potential losses from data leakage jointly affect the strategies of all three parties, serving as key levers for maintaining market trust and compliance. Accordingly, we recommend strengthening contract enforcement and trust-building; refining the legal and regulatory framework for data rights confirmation, circulation, trading, and security; and promoting stable supply–demand cooperation and market education to enhance awareness of data value and compliance, thereby stimulating individuals’ willingness to authorize the use of their data and maximizing its value. Full article

Background/Objectives: Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy that accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood cancer-related deaths, with high-risk cases showing a poor 20% prognosis and limited response to current therapies. Survivin, encoded by the BIRC5 gene, is an anti-apoptotic protein frequently overexpressed in NB and linked to treatment resistance and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Methods and Results: An analysis of 1235 NB patient datasets revealed a significant association between elevated BIRC5 expression and reduced overall and event-free survival, highlighting survivin as an important therapeutic target in NB. To explore this strategy, we evaluated the efficacy of YM-155, a small-molecule survivin inhibitor, across multiple NB cell lines. YM-155 displayed potent cytotoxic activity in six NB cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 8 to 212 nM and significantly inhibited colony formation and 3D spheroid growth in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic analyses revealed that YM-155 downregulated survivin at both mRNA and protein levels, induced apoptosis by about 2–7-fold, and caused G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, YM-155 treatment enhanced p53 expression, suggesting reactivation of tumor suppressor pathways. Notably, combining YM-155 and the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide resulted in synergistic inhibition of NB growth with ED75 values ranging from 0.17 to 1, compared to either agent alone. In the xenograft mouse model, YM-155 inhibited tumor burden in contrast to controls by about 3-fold, and without any notable toxic effects in vivo. Conclusion: Overall, our findings identify YM-155 as a promising therapeutic agent for high-risk NB by directly targeting survivin and enhancing chemosensitivity. These results support continued preclinical development of survivin inhibitors as part of rational combination strategies in pediatric cancer treatment. Full article

The green macroalgae Ulva Linnaeus, 1753, also known as sea lettuce, is one of the most ecologically and economically significant algal genera. Its representatives occur in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments worldwide and show high adaptability, rapid growth, and marked biochemical diversity. These traits support their ecological roles in nutrient cycling, primary productivity, and habitat provision, and they also explain their growing relevance to the blue bioeconomy. This review summarizes current knowledge of Ulva biodiversity, taxonomy, and physiology, and evaluates applications in food, feed, bioremediation, biofuel, pharmaceuticals, and biomaterials. Particular attention is given to molecular approaches that resolve taxonomic difficulties and to biochemical profiles that determine nutritional value and industrial potential. This review also considers risks and limitations. Ulva species can act as hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, microplastics, and organic pollutants, which creates safety concerns for food and feed uses and highlights the necessity of strict monitoring and quality control. Technical and economic barriers restrict large-scale use in energy and material production. By presenting both opportunities and constraints, this review stresses the dual role of Ulva as a promising bioresource and a potential ecological risk. Future research must integrate molecular genetics, physiology, and applied studies to support sustainable utilization and ensure safe contributions of Ulva to biodiversity assessment, environmental management, and bioeconomic development. Full article

Background and objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects not only physical health but also psychological well-being. While the emotional and social burden of AD is well documented, there is still limited research on how AD affects sexual health. The study aimed to evaluate quality of life (QoL), mental health, and risk factors for impaired sexual life, as well as their relationships. Materials and Methods: A total of 201 participants (96 patients with AD and 105 healthy controls) were enrolled in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained using a specifically developed questionnaire. In addition, participants completed validated scales, including the DLQI, HADS, FSFI, IIEF-5, and SRSLQ. AD severity was assessed using the SCORAD questionnaire. Results: Our study found that patients with AD had statistically significantly higher mean anxiety (6.8 ± 3.6 vs. 5.0 ± 3.2; p < 0.001), depression (5.2 ± 3.4 vs. 3.9 ± 2.9, p < 0.01), and skin-related sexual dysfunction scores (15.0 ± 4.5 vs. 4.4 ± 4.7, p < 0.001), as well as QoL scores (12.3 ± 6.1 vs. 1.8 ± 3.1, p < 0.001), than healthy controls. Female AD patients reported higher values of depression and anxiety compared to male patients (5.9 ± 3.1 vs. 4.4 ± 3.5, p = 0.03, 7.6 ± 2.9 vs. 6.0 ± 4.1, p = 0.03, respectively) and lower FSFI scores compared to healthy women (24.8 ± 8.0 vs. 31.3 ± 3.0, p < 0.001). Deterioration in sexual health, assessed by the SRSLQ score, was strongly correlated with QoL impairment (R = 0.5, p < 0.001), anxiety (R = 0.51, p < 0.001), and depression (R = 0.5, p < 0.001). Finally, we found that sex life negatively correlates with AD severity (p=0.001), involvement of a genital area (p = 0.005), intensity of pruritus (r = 0.284, p = 0.005), and insomnia (r = 0.366, p < 0.001). Conclusions: AD significantly affects patients’ quality of life, including their sex life. Many factors associated with the disease also contribute to the deterioration of patients’ sexual health. Routine assessment of sexual life in dermatological practice, using validated tools, could facilitate early identification and support for affected patients. Significance: This study highlights the often-overlooked impact of atopic dermatitis on patients’ sexual health. Our findings demonstrate that sexual function is significantly impaired in individuals with atopic dermatitis—particularly among women—and that such dysfunction is closely associated with disease-related symptoms. These results have important implications for improving the quality of care provided to individuals affected by the condition. Full article

Atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition, a key component of acid deposition, poses risks to ecosystems, human health, and sustainable development. In China, decades of coal-dominated energy use caused severe S pollution, but recent emission-control policies and energy restructuring have sought to reverse this trend. However, the effectiveness and regional differences in these measures remain insufficiently quantified. Here, we combined continuous observations from 43 monitoring sites (2013–2023), satellite-derived SO₂ vertical column density, and multi-source environmental datasets to construct a high-resolution record of wet S deposition. A random forest model, validated with R² = 0.52 and RMSE = 1.2 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, was used to estimate fluxes and spatial patterns, while ridge regression and SHAP analysis quantified the relative contributions of emissions, precipitation, and socioeconomic factors. This framework allows us to assess both the environmental and health-related sustainability implications of sulfur deposition. Results show a nationwide decline of more than 50% in wet S deposition during 2013–2023, with two-thirds of sites and 95% of grids showing significant decreases. Historical hotspots such as the North China Plain and Sichuan Basin improved markedly, while some southern provinces (e.g., Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi) still exhibited high deposition (>20 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Over 90% of the reduction was attributable to emission declines, confirming the dominant effect of sustained policy-driven measures. This study extends sulfur deposition records to 2023, demonstrates the value of integrating ground monitoring with remote sensing and machine learning, and provides robust evidence that China’s emission reduction policies have delivered significant environmental and sustainability benefits. The findings offer insights for region-specific governance and for developing countries balancing economic growth with ecological protection. Full article

The paper presents the effect of an organic solvent on the efficiency of vapor condensation from pyrolysis processes applied to agricultural waste, with the intention of optimizing the trapping procedure for more volatile components. Therefore, the effect of the use of acetone in the vapor trapping system on the yield and composition of liquid fractions (bio-oils) obtained from the pyrolysis of selected agricultural waste, including corn, tomato, and tobacco, was investigated. The focus was placed on evaluating how solvents influence the quality, yield, and composition of bio-oil, as well as whether they are necessary in the pyrolysis process. Acetone, a polar solvent with low human toxicity and the possibility of regeneration after pyrolysis, was selected for bio-oil condensation due to its effectiveness in dissolving polar compounds formed during the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Pyrolysis was conducted at 400 and 500 °C for 30 min, to collect light and heavy fractions, which were subsequently analyzed to assess acetone’s influence. The results showed that acetone positively affected corn bio-oil yield (from 44.57% without acetone to 52.13% with acetone) and improved quality by reducing moisture (from 61.82% to 12.83%) and oxygen content (from 86.50% to 47.10%). An increase in calorific value was also observed in both corn varieties, while the effect was minimal in tobacco and nearly negligible in tomato. The obtained parameter values indicated that satisfactory results can also be achieved without the use of a solvent, representing a step toward simplified pyrolysis. GC-MS analysis confirmed that phenols and their derivatives were the dominant compounds, while FTIR analysis verified the presence of functional groups of the identified compounds. Increasing the temperature generally increased both the yield and calorific value of most samples. Light and heavy fractions were separated during condensation to improve collection efficiency and enable better quality control. Although this step adds complexity and potential contamination risks, it allows more effective utilization of the fractions. These results provide a valuable foundation for optimizing the valorization of agricultural waste through pyrolysis-based biofuel production. Full article

Cave systems are a kind of natural laboratory for interdisciplinary research on karstogenesis in the context of global changes. In this study, we investigate the concentration of ²²²Rn at 65 points in 37 representative caves of Bulgarian karst through continuous monitoring with passive and active detectors with a duration of 1 to 13 years. The concentration changes strongly both in the long term and seasonally, with values from 0.1 to 13 kBq m⁻³. These variations are analyzed from different perspectives (location and morphological features of the cave system, cave climate, ventilation regime, etc.). The seasonal change in the direction and intensity of ventilation is a leading factor determining the gas composition of the cave atmosphere during the year. Parallel measurements of ²²²Rn and CO₂ concentrations in the cave air show that both gases have a similar seasonal fluctuation. Cases of coincidences of an anomalous increase in the concentration of ²²²Rn with manifestations of seismic activity and micro-displacements along tectonic cracks in the caves have also been registered. The dependencies between the ²²²Rn concentration in the caves and in the soil above them are also discussed, as well as the possible connections between global trends in climate change and trends in ²²²Rn emissions. Special attention is paid to the risks of radiation exposure in show caves. A calculation procedure has been developed to achieve the realistic assessment of the effective dose of cave guides. It is based on information about the annual course of the ²²²Rn concentration in the respective cave and the time schedule of the guides’ stay in it. The calculation showed that the effective dose may exceed the permitted limits, and it is thus necessary to control it. Full article

With the integration of the global economy and the rapid development of port logistics, the port dangerous goods transportation system faces complex risk-coupling problems, and the probability of accidents keeps climbing. However, the existing research on the system risk-coupling mechanism and dynamic control mechanism is still insufficient, and there is an urgent need to construct a scientific risk analysis and control model. This study takes the port dangerous goods transportation system as the object, based on the four-factor framework of “personnel-machine-environment-management,” uses the N-K model to quantify the degree of risk coupling, analyzes the dynamic evolution mechanism of risk under the action of a single factor, and uses Dufferin’s oscillation and bifurcation response equation to reveal the interaction between the system’s internal defenses and the external influences. It is found that the coupled risk value of personnel–machine factors is the highest, and the sudden change in system state is characterized by a sudden jump and lag. The system stability can be significantly improved by enhancing internal damping control and optimizing external excitation regulation. This study provides a quantitative tool for the risk assessment of dangerous goods transportation in ports and theoretical support for the development of the “damping-excitation” synergistic control strategy, which is of great practical significance for the improvement of the port safety management system. Full article

Agricultural soils near industrial parks in the Yellow River bend region face severe heavy metal pollution, posing a significant to human health. This study integrated field sampling with laboratory analysis and applied geostatistical analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling, and health risk assessment models to systematically investigate the pollution levels, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological health risks of heavy metals in the area. The main findings are as follows: (1) The average concentrations of the eight heavy metals (Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, and Ni) in the study area were 0.04, 48.3, 54.3, 45.7, 70.0, 22.9, 0.4, and 35.7 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations exceeded local background values by factors ranging from 1.32 to 11.2. Exceedances of soil screening and control values were particularly pronounced for Cd and As. Based on the geoaccumulation index, over 75% of the sampling sites for Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cd were classified as moderately to heavily polluted. Potential ecological risk assessment highlighted Cd as the significant ecological risk factor, indicating considerable heavy metal pollution in the region. (2) Kriging interpolation demonstrated elevated concentrations in the western (mid-upper) and eastern (mid-lower) subregions. Pearson correlation analysis suggested common sources for Cu-Pb-As-Cd and Cr-Zn-Ni. (3) PMF source apportionment identified four primary sources: traffic emissions (38.19%), natural and agricultural mixed sources (34.55%), metal smelting (17.61%), and atmospheric deposition (10.10%). (4) Health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children was within acceptable limits (adults: 0.065; children: 0.12). Carcinogenic risks were also acceptable (adults: 5.67 × 10⁻⁵; children: 6.70 × 10⁻⁵). In conclusion, priority should be given to the control of traffic emissions and agriculturally derived sources in the management of soil heavy metal contamination in this region, while the considerable contribution of smelting activities warrants heightened attention. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention, control, and targeted remediation of regional soil heavy metal pollution. Full article