Search Results (2,067)

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) results in prolonged muscle weakness, impaired neuromuscular control, and delayed return to sport. Cross-education (CE), unilateral training of the uninjured limb, has been proposed as an adjunct therapy to promote bilateral adaptations. This scoping review evaluated the functional and neuroplastic effects of CE rehabilitation post-ACLR. Following PRISMA-ScR and JBI guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PEDro were searched up to February 2025. A bibliometric analysis was also conducted to report keyword co-occurrence and identify trends in this line of research. Of 333 screened references, 14 studies (price index: 43% and low-to-moderate risk of bias) involving 721 participants (aged 17–45 years) met inclusion criteria. CE protocols (6–12 weeks; 2–5 sessions/week) incorporating isometric, concentric, and eccentric exercises demonstrated strength gains (10–31%) and strength preservation, alongside improved limb symmetry (5–14%) and dynamic balance (7–18%). There is growing interest in neuroplasticity and corticospinal excitability, although neuroplastic changes were assessed heterogeneously across studies. Findings support CE as a feasible and low-cost strategy to complement early-stage ACLR rehabilitation, especially when direct loading of the affected limb is limited. Standardized protocols for clinical intervention and neurophysiological assessment are needed. Full article

This paper examines the changing role of emissions trading systems (ETSs) within the macro-financial framework of energy markets, emphasizing price dynamics and systemic spillovers. Utilizing monthly data from seven ETS jurisdictions spanning January 2021 to December 2024 (N = 287 observations after log transformation and first differencing), which includes four auction-based markets (United States, Canada, United Kingdom, South Korea), two secondary markets (China, New Zealand), and a government-set fixed-price scheme (Germany), this research estimates a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) employing a Common Correlated Effects (CCE) model and augments it with machine learning analysis utilizing XGBoost and explainable AI methodologies. The PVAR-CEE reveals numerous unexpected findings related to carbon markets: ETS returns exhibit persistence with an autoregressive coefficient of −0.137 after a four-month lag, while increasing inflation results in rising ETS after the same period. Furthermore, ETSs generate spillover effects in the real economy, as elevated ETSs today forecast a 0.125-point reduction in unemployment one month later and a 0.0173 increase in inflation after two months. Impulse response analysis indicates that exogenous shocks, including Brent oil prices, policy uncertainty, and financial volatility, are swiftly assimilated by ETS pricing, with effects dissipating completely within three to eight months. XGBoost models ascertain that policy uncertainty and Brent oil prices are the most significant predictors of one-month-ahead ETSs, whereas ESG factors are relevant only beyond certain thresholds and in conditions of low policy uncertainty. These findings establish ETS markets as dynamic transmitters of macroeconomic signals, influencing energy management, labor changes, and sustainable finance under carbon pricing frameworks. Full article

Current rehabilitation protocols for transitioning patients to late-stage recovery, evaluating return-to-play (RTP) clearance, and assessing tendon characteristics exhibit significant heterogeneity. Clinicians frequently interpret and apply research findings based on individual philosophies, resulting in varied RTP criteria and performance expectations. Despite medical clearance, patients recovering from Achilles tendon (AT) injuries often exhibit persistent impairments in muscle volume, tendon structure, and force-generating capacity. Inconsistencies in assessment frameworks, compounded by a lack of quantitative data and the utilization of specific metrics to quantify certain strength characteristics (endurance, maximal, explosive, etc.) and standardized protocols, hinder optimal functional recovery of the plantar flexors during the final stages of rehabilitation and RTP. With this in mind, the aim of this integrative review was to provide an overview of AT rehabilitation, with particular critique around mid-stage strengthening and the use of the heel-raise assessment in milestoning rehabilitation progress. From this critique, new perspectives in mid-stage strengthening are suggested and future research directions identified. Full article

The integration of renewable energy into power grids is imperative for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating reliance on depleting fossil fuels. In this paper, we develop symmetric and asymmetric evolutionary game-theoretic models to analyze how user–grid cooperation in peak shaving can be enhanced by incorporating whole-process democracy (deliberative governance) into decision-making. Our framework captures excess returns, cooperation-driven profits, energy pricing, participation costs, and benefit-sharing coefficients to identify equilibrium conditions under varied subsidy, cost, and market scenarios. Furthermore, this study integrates the theory, path, and mechanism of deliberative procedures under the perspective of whole-process democracy, exploring how inclusive and participatory decision-making processes can enhance cooperation in renewable energy systems. We simulate seven scenarios that systematically adjust subsidy rates, cost–benefit structures, dynamic pricing, and renewable-versus-conventional competitiveness, revealing that robust cooperation emerges only under well-aligned incentives, equitable profit sharing, and targeted financial policies. These scenarios systematically vary these key parameters to assess the robustness of cooperative equilibria under diverse economic and policy conditions. Our findings indicate that policy efficacy hinges on deliberative stakeholder engagement, fair profit allocation, and adaptive subsidy mechanisms. These results furnish actionable guidelines for regulators and grid operators to foster sustainable, low-carbon energy systems and inform future research on demand response and multi-source integration. Full article

To ensure stability and transparency in the European logistics sector, in May 2017, the European Commission presented several proposals to change the regulation of the market—in particular, market access, driving and rest periods, and business trips. In the development of this package, several unfavourable decisions were made that go against Lithuanian transport companies, which will have a significant impact on the companies’ finances, as the frequent return of trucks will lead to additional fuel costs and is also in contradiction with the concept of green logistics. Thus, it is essential to study the Mobility Package’s pros and cons and compare researchers’ views. Accordingly, the subject of this article is the impact of the Mobility Package on Lithuanian logistics companies. This article employs various methods, including an analysis of the scientific literature and legislation, statistical data analysis, PEST analysis, and qualitative research based on expert interviews. The results allow us to identify that the content of the Mobility Package is driven by the goal of ensuring equivalent working conditions throughout the EU, which in this case is the most important object of the legal changes. Also, based on the results obtained, it can be stated that Lithuanian logistics companies that want to remain in the market have several solutions they can employ to achieve that goal, and to support their efforts, a competitiveness improvement model for Lithuanian logistics companies has been developed. Full article

This study presents the first systematic empirical comparison of neural architectures for Universal Dependencies (UD) parsing in Old English, thus addressing central questions in computational historical linguistics and low-resource language processing. We evaluate three approaches—a baseline spaCy pipeline, a pipeline with a pretrained tok2vec component, and a MobileBERT transformer-based model—across datasets ranging from 1000 to 20,000 words. Our results demonstrate that the pretrained tok2vec model consistently outperforms alternatives, because it achieves 83.24% UAS and 74.23% LAS with the largest dataset, whereas the transformer-based approach substantially underperforms despite higher computational costs. Performance analysis reveals that basic tagging tasks reach 85–90% accuracy, while dependency parsing achieves approximately 75% accuracy. We identify critical scaling thresholds, with substantial improvements occurring between 1000 and 5000 words and diminishing returns beyond 10,000 words, which provides insights into scaling laws for historical languages. Technical analysis reveals that the poor performance of the transformer stems from parameter-to-data ratio mismatches (1250:1) and the unique orthographic and morphological characteristics of Old English. These findings defy assumptions about transformer superiority in low-resource scenarios and establish evidence-based guidelines for researchers working with historical languages. The broader significance of this study extends to enabling an automated analysis of three million words of extant Old English texts and providing a framework for optimal architecture selection in data-constrained environments. Our results suggest that medium-complexity architectures with monolingual pretraining offer superior cost–benefit trade-offs compared to complex transformer models for historical language processing. Full article

Background/Objective: In-hospital cardiac arrest has high incidence and poor survival rates, posing a significant healthcare challenge. It is important to intervene in the hours before the cardiac arrest to prevent poor outcomes. The modified early warning score (MEWS) is a validated tool for identifying a deteriorating patient. It is an aggregate of vital signs and level of consciousness. We retrospectively evaluated MEWS for trends that might predict patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a single-center, one-year, retrospective study. A comprehensive review was conducted for patients aged 18 years and above who experienced a cardiac arrest. Cases that occurred within an intensive care unit, emergency department, during a procedure, or outside the hospital were excluded. A total of 87 cases met our predefined inclusion criteria. We collected data at 12 h, 6 h and 1 h time periods prior to the cardiac arrest. A trend analysis using a linear model with analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: Out of 87 patients included in the study, 59 (67.8%) had an immediate return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Among those who achieved ROSC, 41 (69.5%) died during the admission. Only 20.7% of the patients that sustained a cardiac arrest survived to discharge. A significant increase in the average MEWS was noted from the 12 h period (MEWS = 3.95 ± 2.4) to the 1 h period (MEWS = 5.98 ± 3.5) (p ≤ 0.001) and the 6 h period (4.65 ± 2.6) to the 1 h period (5.98 ± 3.5) (p = 0.023) prior to cardiac arrest. Conclusions: An increase in the MEWS may be a valuable tool in identifying at-risk patients and provides an opportunity to intervene at least 6 h before a cardiac arrest event. Further research is needed to validate the results of our study. Full article

Multistage centrifugal pumps, owing to their high head characteristics, are commonly applied in domains like subsea resource exploitation and groundwater extraction. However, the wear of flow passage components caused by solid particles in the fluid severely threatens equipment lifespan and system safety. To investigate the influence of solid-liquid two-phase flow on pump performance and wear, this study conducted numerical simulations of the solid-liquid two-phase flow within multistage centrifugal pumps based on the Euler–Lagrange approach and the Tabakoff wear model. The simulation results showed good agreement with experimental data. Under the design operating condition, compared to the clear water condition, the efficiency under the solid-liquid two-phase flow condition decreased by 1.64%, and the head coefficient decreased by 0.13. As the flow rate increases, particle momentum increases, the particle Stokes number increases, inertial forces are enhanced, and the coupling effect with the fluid weakens, leading to an increased impact intensity on flow passage components. This results in a gradual increase in the wear area of the impeller front shroud, back shroud, pressure side, and the peripheral casing. Under the same flow rate condition, when particles enter the pump chamber of a subsequent stage from a preceding stage, the fluid, after being rectified by the return guide vane, exhibits a more uniform flow pattern and reduced turbulence intensity. The particle Stokes number in the subsequent stage is smaller than that in the preceding stage, weakening inertial effects and enhancing the coupling effect with the fluid. This leads to a reduced impact intensity on flow passage components, resulting in a smaller wear area of these components in the subsequent stage compared to the preceding stage. This research offers critical theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for developing wear-resistant multistage centrifugal pumps in solid-liquid two-phase flow applications, with direct implications for extending service life and optimizing hydraulic performance. Full article

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) often leads to asymmetries between limbs, with variable return-to-performance rates in athletes. The single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) is commonly used to assess postoperative knee function. However, limited research has explored deficits specifically during the unweighting phase of the jump. Methods: This study assessed 53 recreational athletes (11 females, 42 males) between 6 and 9 months post-ACLr using a dual force plate system (1000 Hz). Each participant performed three maximal-effort SLCMJs per limb. Outcome measures included jump height, negative peak velocity, minimum force, and center of mass (COM) displacement. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the ACLr limb with the contralateral limb. Results: Compared to the healthy limb, the ACLr limb showed significantly lower negative peak velocity (−0.80 ± 0.40 m/s vs. −0.94 ± 0.40 m/s, p < 0.001), higher minimum force (36.75 ± 17.88 kg vs. 32.05 ± 17.25 kg, p < 0.001), and reduced COM displacement (−17.62 ± 6.25 cm vs. −19.73 ± 5.34 cm, p = 0.014). Eccentric phase duration did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Athletes post-ACLr demonstrate altered neuromuscular control during the early SLCMJ phase. These findings highlight the importance of rehabilitation strategies targeting eccentric strength and symmetry restoration. Full article

Research results suggest the potential of topical adenosine as a hair-promoting agent. The aim of this study was to examine the available clinical evidence of the efficacy of topical adenosine products in hair loss. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and PICO guidelines and included articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The strength of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE system. Wherever feasible, data were extracted for a meta-analysis. Among 8625 articles returned by the query, 7 clinical trials were identified of topical adenosine (lotion, shampoo) in hair loss. They unanimously reported on a reduction in hair loss and increase in hair density (strength of evidence very low to moderate). A meta-analysis of three eligible trials showed a tendency to increased hair density (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89–1.20, p = 0.68), an increase in thick hair (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.82–2.38, p = 0.21) and a decrease in thin hairs (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61–1.43, p = 0.75) after 6 months of alopecia treatment with a 0.75% adenosine lotion. The results from clinical trials published until now suggest that topical adenosine increases hair thickness, reduces excessive hair loss, stimulates hair regrowth, and increases hair density. The overall strength of evidence remains low due to flawed design and small sample sizes in most trials. Nevertheless, topical adenosine products seem worth trying, especially in the case of contraindications or adverse effects to approved medicinal products for hair loss. Further, better designed trials of adenosine in hair loss are warranted. Full article

Taking a composite goaf in goaf-side entry retaining as our research focus, a kilogram-level spontaneous combustion experiment was carried out, and limit parameters for coal spontaneous combustion characteristics were assessed. Combined with the key parameters of the site, a numerical model of a multi-area composite goaf was constructed, and the distribution features of the dangerous area for coal spontaneous combustion in the lower layer of in goaf-side entry retaining were determined by means of the upper and lower layer composite superposition division method. The results show that at a floating coal thickness in the goaf of 1.9 m, the lower limit of oxygen concentration C_min, upper limit of air leakage intensity, and corresponding seepage velocity are 6%, 0.282 cm⁻³·s⁻¹·cm⁻², and 11.28 × 10⁻³ m/s respectively. The dangerous area regarding residual coal on the intake side is 23~38 m away from the working face, while that on the return air side is concentrated amid the goaf at 23~75 m, and that on the flexible formwork wall is concentrated at 0~121 m. The research results are of crucial practical importance for the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion within a composite goaf. Full article

Differences exist between rural–urban migrants and urban–urban migrants in terms of human capital’s accumulation and pathways of social integration, yet few studies have systematically compared these distinctions. Based on the CMDS2017 survey data, this study constructed a comprehensive social integration index across four dimensions—economic integration, behavioral adaptation, identity recognition, and psychological assimilation—to analyze the influencing factors and decompose the disparities in social integration levels between the two groups from a human capital perspective. Using Oaxaca mean decomposition and Machado–Mata (MM) quantile decomposition, the results indicated that urban–urban migrants exhibited higher social integration levels than rural–urban migrants, with human capital significantly influencing integration outcomes. Better education, health status, longer migration duration, and more work experience positively enhanced migrants’ social integration. Human capital accounted for 38.35% of the social integration gap between the two groups, while coefficient differences were the primary driver of disparities. The returns to education diminish at higher integration levels, suggesting education played a stronger role for those with lower integration. The social integration gap between the two groups followed an inverted U-shaped trend, with smaller disparities at higher quantiles. As integration levels rose, characteristic differences declined continuously, indicating convergence toward homogeneity among high-integration migrants. These research findings indicated that the improvement in the social integration level of migrants still requires continuous investment in cultivating the human capital of migrants. Full article

Precipitation, as a key input in the water cycle, directly influences the formation and change process of runoff. Meanwhile, the return runoff intuitively reflects the available quantity of water resources in a river basin. An in-depth analysis of the evolution laws and response relationships between precipitation and return runoff over a long time scale serves as an important support for exploring the evolution of hydrometeorological conditions and provides an accurate basis for the scientific planning and management of water resources. Taking Lanzhou Station on the upper Yellow River as a typical case, this study proposes the VSSL (LSTM Fusion Method Optimized by SSA with VMD Decomposition) deep learning precipitation element series extension method and the SSVR (SVR Fusion Method Optimized by SSA) machine learning runoff element series extension method. These methods achieve a reasonable extension of the missing data and construct 100-year precipitation and return runoff series from 1921 to 2020. The research results showed that the performance of machine learning and deep learning methods in the precipitation and return runoff test sets is better than that of traditional statistical methods, and the fitting effect of return runoff is better than that of precipitation. The 100-year precipitation and return runoff series of Lanzhou Station from 1921 to 2020 show a non-significant upward trend at a rate of 0.26 mm/a and 0.42 × 10⁸ m³/a, respectively. There is no significant mutation point in precipitation, while the mutation point of return runoff occurred in 1991. The 100-year precipitation series of Lanzhou Station has four time-scale alternations of dry and wet periods, with main periods of 60 years, 20 years, 12 years, and 6 years, respectively. The 100-year return runoff series has three time-scale alternations of dry and wet periods, with main periods of 60 years, 34 years, and 26 years, respectively. During the period from 1940 to 2000, an approximately 50-year cycle, precipitation and runoff not only have strong common-change energy and significant interaction, but also have a fixed phase difference. Precipitation changes precede runoff, and runoff responds after a fixed time interval. Full article

In this article, we investigate the fractional soliton solutions as well as the chaotic analysis of the fourth-order nonlinear Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur wave equation. This model is considered an intriguing high-order nonlinear partial differential equation that integrates additional spatial and dispersive effects to extend the concepts to more intricate wave dynamics, relevant in engineering and science for understanding complex phenomena. To examine the solitary wave solutions of the proposed model, we employ sophisticated analytical techniques, including the generalized projective Riccati equation method, the new improved generalized exponential rational function method, and the modified F-expansion method, along with mathematical simulations, to obtain a deeper insight into wave propagation. To explore desirable soliton solutions, the nonlinear partial differential equation is converted into its respective ordinary differential equations by wave transforms utilizing $\beta$-fractional derivatives. Further, the solutions in the forms of bright, dark, singular, combined, and complex solitons are secured. Various physical parameter values and arrangements are employed to investigate the soliton solutions of the system. Variations in parameter values result in specific behaviors of the solutions, which we illustrate via various types of visualizations. Additionally, a key aspect of this research involves analyzing the chaotic behavior of the governing model. A perturbed version of the system is derived and then analyzed using chaos detection techniques such as power spectrum analysis, Poincaré return maps, and basin attractor visualization. The study of nonlinear dynamics reveals the system’s sensitivity to initial conditions and its dependence on time-decay effects. This indicates that the system exhibits chaotic behavior under perturbations, where even minor variations in the starting conditions can lead to drastically different outcomes as time progresses. Such behavior underscores the complexity and unpredictability inherent in the system, highlighting the importance of understanding its chaotic dynamics. This study evaluates the effectiveness of currently employed methodologies and elucidates the specific behaviors of the system’s nonlinear dynamics, thus providing new insights into the field of high-dimensional nonlinear scientific wave phenomena. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the approach used to address complex nonlinear partial differential equations. Full article

Prior research often portrays Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a coercive institutional force compelling firms to passively conform for legitimacy. More recent studies, however, suggest firms actively pursue CSR to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Yet, how and when CSR buffers firms against adverse shocks of crises remains insufficiently understood. This study addresses this gap by using multiple regression analysis to examine the buffering effects of CSR investments during the COVID-19 crisis, which severely disrupted capital markets and firm valuation. Drawing on signaling theory and CSR literature, we analyze the stock market performance of China’s A-share listed firms using a sample of 2577 observations as of the end of 2019. Results indicate that firms with higher CSR investments experienced significantly greater cumulative abnormal returns during the pandemic. Moreover, the buffering effect is amplified among firms with higher debt burdens, greater financing constraints, and those operating in regions with stronger social trust and more severe COVID-19 impact. These findings are robust across multiple robustness checks. This study highlights the strategic value of CSR as a resilience mechanism during crises and supports a more proactive view of CSR engagement for sustainable development, complementing the traditional legitimacy-focused perspective in existing literature. Full article