Although the benefits of asphalt recycling have been scientifically proven and several best practices are being implemented, further research is required in specific and specialized areas. One of these circumstances is the recycling of Reclaimed Asph...
With the rapid development of the economy and the change in people’s aesthetic concepts, the renewal of furniture has become more and more frequent. Among the huge amount of used furniture, solid wood and wood-based panel furniture account for...
The circular economy, in which recycling plays a significant role, is increasingly becoming a primary requirement for packaging. Our research focused on the recycling of intelligent cardboard packaging. The focus of the study was to manufacture and r...
The growing accumulation of solid waste from consumerism and the traditional linear economy poses significant risks to environmental sustainability and human health, increasing pressure on manufacturers to design more recyclable products. Design for...
The present chapter focuses on the recyclability of both renewable and biodegradable plastics, considering the recovery of matter (mechanical or chemical recycling) from the polymeric materials currently most diffused on the market. Biobased and comp...
Solvent-based and mechanical recycling technology approaches were compared with respect to each process’s decontamination efficiency. Herein, post-consumer polystyrene (PS) feedstock was recycled by both technologies, yielding recycled PS resin...
The direct end-of-life recycling of reverse osmosis membranes (RO) into recycled nanofiltration (r-NF) membranes has been pointed out as a circular technology. For the first time, an environmental analysis of the whole life cycle of r-NF membranes wa...
Multilayer flexible food packaging is under pressure to redesign for recyclability. Most multilayer films are not sorted and recycled with the currently available infrastructure, which is based on mechanical recycling in most countries. Up to now, mu...
This study outlines a recycling initiative conducted at Rekular GmbH, focusing on the recycling of 100 refrigerators. The recycling process employed a combination of manual dismantling, depollution, and mechanical processing techniques. Manual disman...
When it comes to the disposal of paperboard and cardboard packaging waste to reduce their environmental impact, recycling is one of the most desirable options. With innovations and development of biopolymer coatings and their application in packaging...
Paper-based packaging is widely promoted as a sustainable alternative to plastic; however, functional coatings can reduce fibre integrity and lead to burden shifting in industrial recycling systems. This review examines how these effects undermine th...
Flexible packaging often consists of multilayer films that combine different materials to achieve high barrier performance, but these structures are incompatible with current recycling technologies. Polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) offer more r...
The potential recyclability of healable asphalt mixtures has been analyzed in this paper. A healable porous asphalt mixture with steel wool fibers was artificially aged in order to assess its recyclability. This mixture was used as reclaimed asphalt...
Assessing a given product’s design and its recyclability using mass flow analysis based on the material separation and recovery rates of individual recycling processes under realistic conditions can support design decisions promoting better rec...
From 2008 to 2020, Chinese automobile production and sales have ranked first in the world. The huge production, sales, and ownership of automobiles will inevitably lead to a rapid increase of end-of-life vehicles in the future and a corresponding iss...
The ease with which modern plastics can be injection molded makes them very suitable for the production of many different products and, today, plastics are often used as substitutes for metal. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used thermop...
The integration of composite materials into commercial aviation has transformed the industry by providing superior performance benefits, including enhanced fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and improved structural integrity. With a significant shif...
The burgeoning crisis of plastic waste accumulation necessitates innovative approaches towards sustainable packaging solutions. Polylactic acid (PLA), a leading biopolymer, emerges as a promising candidate in this realm, especially for environmentall...
The sustainability transition of the textile industry requires amongst other strategies circular approaches. Ecodesign guidelines and design for recycling are approaches that reduce resource consumption and textile waste. Garments are made of a large...
The adoption of the PPWR by the Council of the European Union (EU/2025/40) in 2025 intensifies the regulatory pressure on packaging manufacturers and food producers. This necessitates their adaptation of packaging to the new standards and selection o...
Cross-linked polymers are indispensable in advanced applications, but suffer from poor recyclability due to permanent covalent networks. Herein, we report recyclable supramolecular polyurea elastomers that integrate ureidopyrimidinone-based quadruple...
In recent decades, the use of thermoset epoxy resins (ER) has spread to countless applications due to their mechanical properties, heat resistance and stability. However, these ERs are neither biodegradable nor recyclable due to their permanent cross...
Recyclable concrete pavement was made from fly ash and crushed limestone sand and gravel as aggregates so that the concrete pavement could be recycled to raw materials for cement production. With the aim to use as much fly ash as possible for the sus...
For preserving food packed in environmentally friendly and recyclable paperboard packages, it is important to have sufficient gas barrier performance of the paperboard container. Paperboard has poor intrinsic barrier properties and to overcome this d...
The management of plastic packaging waste needs to be optimized to improve recycling rates. In this article, fourteen categories of non-bottle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages were mechanically recycled at laboratory bench scale; the generat...
Plastics in marine environments undergo molecular degradation via biocatalytic and photocatalytic mechanisms. Abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) damages marine and coastal environments as well as plant and animal species. This article...
The awareness for more environmentally sustainable packaging solutions is steadily growing. With both consumers and manufacturers looking to minimize their impacts on the environment, the need for easy-to-implement and standardized measures strengthe...
Multilevel statistical entropy analysis (SEA) is a method that has been recently proposed to evaluate circular economy strategies on the material, component and product levels to identify critical stages of resource and functionality losses. However,...
Harmonized laboratory methodologies, notably the CEPI recyclability laboratory test method (latest version 3, released February 2025) and the 4evergreen protocol (latest revision 1, released January 2025), are widely used to assess the recyclability...
In the framework of plastic circularity, managing end-of-life plastics containing flame-retardant (FR) additives represents a significant challenge. Although FRs are essential for enhancing fire safety in polymeric materials, many FR-containing produ...
This review investigates the pivotal challenge of recycling material waste in the context of additive manufacturing. We place an emphasis on decentralized 3D printing, shedding light on its environmental and economic implications. As additive manufac...
The aims and objectives of this paper are two-fold: first to investigate the production of a green composite manufactured with renewable materials (i.e., jute fabric as reinforcement, acrylate epoxidase soybean oil (AESO) as matrix and sisal particle...
Using a thermodynamic approach, this paper identifies the most critical parts of a car, considering their composition. A total of 11 car parts that contain valuable and scarce materials have been selected using thermodynamic rarity, an indicator that...
Labels are a crucial component of products, offering informational content and attractive visuals; therefore, the durability of the print is an important quality requirement. On the other hand, in accordance with eco-design, the recyclability of prin...
In the context of European targets achieving full recyclability of packaging paper, the harmonized CEPI guidelines (version February 2026) are followed to assess and quantify the recyclability of coated papers, based on repulping, screening of recycl...
The development of more recyclable materials is a key requirement for a transition towards a more circular economy. Thanks to exchange reactions, vitrimer, an attractive alternative for recyclable materials, is an innovative class of polymers that is...
Composites are essential materials in a wide range of industrial and medical applications due to their unique functional properties. One of the main issues of composites arises at their end-of-life stage, especially in terms of the recyclability proc...
Nowadays, sensor devices are developing fast. It is therefore critical, at a time when the availability and recyclability of materials are, along with acceptability from the consumers, among the most important criteria used by industrials before push...
Semi-Dense Asphalt (SDA) mixtures are nowadays recommended for the surface layer of low noise roads in urban areas due to their optimal functional characteristics. Moreover, the use of polymer-modified bitumen (PmB) in its design results in high mech...
This paper presents a thermodynamic vision of the depletion of mineral resources. It demonstrates how raw materials can be better assessed using exergy, based on thermodynamic rarity, which considers scarcity in the crust and energy requirements for...
Fly ash polymer composites are innovative high-performance materials that reduce the environmental worries and disposal complications of heavy industry produced fly ash. This study developed and characterized such composites of high-density polyethyl...
In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) nanohybrids were first prepared by loading Fe3O4 NPs onto graphene oxide (GO). Then, GS-MGO nanohybrids were prepared by grafting gentamicin sulfate (GS) onto MGO directly using a simple amidation reaction...
Mechanical properties and reprocessing properties are of great significance to the serviceability and recyclability of energetic composites. However, the mechanical robustness of mechanical properties and dynamic adaptability related to reprocessing...
Indonesia, as a major global textile exporter, faces substantial sustainability challenges due to its linear production model, which generates massive volumes of post-industrial polyester waste (PIPW). However, reliable data and recycling pathways re...
Small waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) such as waste mobile phones are rich in plastic components. Recycling mobile phones is particularly challenging, since the main interest for recyclers is printed circuit boards, rich in valu...
Vitrimers are a new class of cross-linked materials that are capable of network topology alternation through the associative dynamic bond-exchange mechanism, which has recently been invented to solve the problem of conventional cross-linked materials...
Recycling opaque Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which contains 1 to 10 wt % TiO2 submicron particles, has become of interest in the past few years. However, the bottle-to-fiber recyclability of opaque PET has not been assessed yet. In this work, o...
The introduction of dynamic bonds capable of mediating self-healing in a fully cross-linked polychloroprene network can only occur if the reversible moieties are carried by the cross-linker itself or within the main polymer backbone. Conventional cro...
The existing recycling methods of PHA-based material are ineffective in terms of increasing resource efficiency and the production of high value end-of-life products. Therefore, in this study, a novel approach of acidogenic fermentation was proposed...
Polymers have a reputation for several advantageous characteristics like chemical resistance, weight reduction, and simple form-giving processes. The rise of additive manufacturing technologies such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) has introduced...
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