Search Results (1,034)

Canine dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, is an emerging vector-borne disease of increasing veterinary and zoonotic importance. Rapid and species-specific detection is essential for effective clinical management and epidemiological surveillance. This study aimed to develop and diagnostically evaluate two novel species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the direct detection of D. immitis and D. repens in canine whole blood, performed in parallel in separate reactions, with emphasis on simplified and potentially near-point-of-care applicability. Primers targeting mitochondrial COI and NADH gene regions were designed and validated. In silico specificity analysis against 13 filarioid species confirmed the absence of non-specific primer binding. A direct closed-tube LAMP protocol using sodium hydroxide–Chelex-100 lysis was optimized, enabling amplification without conventional DNA extraction while reducing contamination risk and processing time to under 60 min. Relative diagnostic performance was evaluated relative to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results. Using purified DNA, the D. repens assay achieved 100% relative sensitivity and relative specificity, whereas the D. immitis assay showed 94.5% relative sensitivity and 100% specificity. In direct whole-blood assays, relative specificity remained 100% for both targets, while sensitivity decreased to 90.9% for D. immitis and 77.42% for D. repens, with most false-negative reactions associated with high qPCR Ct values (>30). These findings demonstrate that the proposed assays provide a rapid and practical molecular diagnostic approach with potential applicability for point-of-care veterinary testing. Full article

Background: Progesterone (P4) is used as an antiseizure medication (ASM) to treat catamenial epilepsy, refractory to first-line drugs. P4 and other neurosteroids (NSs) are important regulators of multiple nervous system functions, including neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. In addition to their antiseizure properties, P4 and other NSs are also anti-inflammatory agents. Neuroinflammation is an important pathophysiological mechanism of epilepsy refractory to ASMs. Accordingly, we evaluated the ability of P4 to modulate neuroinflammation, using human microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Human microglia (HMC3) were stimulated for 3 h with LPS in the absence or presence of various concentrations of P4. Thereafter, levels of (i) toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), (ii) the NLRP3 inflammasome, and (iii) pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantitated by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Phagocytic activity was also assessed using a phagocytosis assay employing fluorescent beads. Results: P4 treatment significantly reduced the microglial inflammatory state induced by LPS, which was mediated by upregulation of the TLR4- and NLRP3-axes. The protective effects of P4 were mediated by inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) phosphorylation and reduced activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK). The effects of P4 included a significant reduction in mRNA levels of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in phagocytic activity of HMC3. Conclusions: P4 is endowed with significant anti-inflammatory properties, which may be involved in the beneficial effects reported for drug-resistant catamenial epilepsy. Further research is required to clarify P4 post-receptor mechanisms of action and to explore the roles of other P4-derived NSs. Full article

Pneumocystis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes severe Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised individuals and laboratory animals. Three host-specific species—Pneumocystis murina (P. murina), Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii)—are closely associated with infections in humans and laboratory animals. However, the conventional method, microscopic staining, suffers from low sensitivity, operator-dependent subjectivity, and inability to differentiate species, highlighting the urgent need for a multiplex qPCR assay. In this study, we established a multiplex qPCR method targeting the mtLSUrRNA gene of P. murina, the TS gene of P. carinii, and the mtSSUrRNA gene of P. jirovecii. Primers and probes were designed and optimized using a matrix approach. The method was systematically evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility using recombinant plasmid standards and laboratory animal samples. Validation was performed on 260 mouse lung samples, 30 P. murina-positive samples, 25 rat lung samples, 6 rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, and 8 P. carinii-positive samples. Results were compared with single-plex qPCR and staining microscopy (performed on 68 mouse lung samples, 38 Pneumocystis-positive samples). The limits of detection (LOD) were 5 copies/μL for P. murina, 6 copies/μL for P. carinii, and 8 copies/μL for P. jirovecii. Standard curves showed excellent linearity (R² ≥ 0.999) with amplification efficiencies of 90–110%. No non-specific reactions were observed with 22 common pathogens, and intra-/inter-group coefficients of variation (CV%) were below 1%. Moreover, interference testing revealed minimal matrix effects on the amplification system and no mutual interference among the primers and probes. The multiplex qPCR detected all 38 positive samples (100%), showing 100% concordance with single-plex qPCR, whereas Giemsa staining detected none (0%) and toluidine blue staining only 60% (3/5) of the tested positives, suggesting that the multiplex qPCR achieved higher detection rates than staining microscopy. In conclusion, this novel multiplex qPCR method offers high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, providing a sensitive and specific tool for laboratory animal health monitoring and epidemiological surveillance. Its clinical application for human PCP diagnosis requires further validation with authentic human specimens. Full article

Streptococcus agalactiae is a major contagious pathogen of bovine mastitis and causes substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. In this study, a dual-readout RPA-PfAgo detection platform targeting the conserved cfb gene of S. agalactiae was established and optimized. Seven pairs of RPA primers were designed and screened to construct the Basic-RPA assay, and six guide DNAs (gDNAs) together with a specific probe were evaluated for PfAgo-assisted detection. Field validation was performed using 153 bovine milk samples collected from five dairy-farming regions in China, and assay performance was compared with bacteriological culture and a standardized quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. The Basic-RPA assay achieved optimal amplification at 37 °C for 30 min, with a detection limit of 1 × 10⁻³ ng/µL and no cross-reactivity with non-target bacteria. The optimized RPA-PfAgo-RTF assay detected as few as 10 copies/µL, whereas the RPA-PfAgo-LFD assay detected 100 copies/µL, and both formats showed high analytical specificity. In field milk samples, bacteriological culture detected 21 positive samples, whereas standardized real-time PCR (qPCR), RPA-PfAgo-RTF, and RPA-PfAgo-LFD each detected 33 positive samples. When compared with bacteriological culture as a conventional comparator, all three molecular assays showed 100.00% positive agreement, 90.91% negative agreement, and a Kappa value of 0.733. In addition, RPA-PfAgo-RTF and RPA-PfAgo-LFD were completely concordant with the standardized qPCR assay across all 153 samples. These results indicate that the dual-readout RPA-PfAgo platform is a rapid and reliable molecular tool for detection of S. agalactiae in bovine milk. Full article

Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) exhibit strong nesting tendencies, which result in reduced egg-laying performance. The research team previously identified differential expression of the Ras homolog family member B (RHOB) gene in the ovaries of Muscovy duck during the nesting and laying periods through RNA-seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. This finding suggested that RHOB may be associated with nesting behavior in Muscovy ducks. Previous studies have demonstrated that the nesting behavior of Muscovy ducks is closely associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of their ovarian granulosa cells. It is speculated that RHOB may be involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of Muscovy duck ovarian granulosa cells. This study employed qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, live-cell Caspase3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, cell cycle analysis, cell apoptosis detection and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Our results showed that RHOB inhibited granulosa cell apoptosis and promoted granulosa cell proliferation. Similarly, in a granulosa cell apoptosis model, RHOB was also found to inhibit apoptosis in Muscovy duck granulosa cells. Further studies revealed that RHOB regulates mitochondrial function in granulosa cells. The combined experimental results indicate that RHOB regulates granulosa cell apoptosis in Muscovy duck follicles via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These findings provide an experimental basis and theoretical foundation for the selective breeding of desirable traits in Muscovy ducks, such as low nesting behavior and high egg production. Full article

Boro II (BT), the first cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in rice, is widely used in three-line japonica hybrid rice production. Accurate detection of maintainer-seed contamination in BT-type CMS seed lots is critical for ensuring genetic purity and hybrid seed quality. In this study, we developed a SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of maintainer-seed contamination in BT-type CMS seed lots. Maintainer-specific primers targeting a mitochondrial sequence unique to the maintainer line, together with an endogenous reference targeting a conserved mitochondrial sequence present in both maintainer and CMS lines, were validated for specificity. A standard curve was constructed using defined CMS–maintainer seed mixtures (0.1–5% contamination), and ΔCt values were converted to relative abundance (2^−ΔCt). The assay exhibited high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity, with a strong linear relationship between 2^−ΔCt values and actual contamination levels (R² > 0.99). Performance testing using simulated contamination samples (0.2–3.13%) demonstrated accurate quantification with acceptable recovery rates. This method provides a rapid, robust, and reliable tool for routine genetic purity testing and quality control in BT-type CMS hybrid rice seed production. Full article

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is a major immunosuppressive pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Conventional detection methods for CIAV are limited by poor timeliness, high equipment requirements, and insufficient sensitivity. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel one-tube integrated RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay targeting the highly conserved VP3 gene of CIAV for rapid and accurate detection. The performance of the assay was comprehensively evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. Its clinical utility was assessed by testing 80 clinical suspected samples, with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) serving as the reference method. The results showed that the limit of detection (LoD) of the developed method was 10 copies/reaction, comparable to that of qPCR. No cross-reactivity with common avian pathogens was observed. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) for the time to threshold (Tt) were both below 10%. In clinical sample detection, the assay achieved a total coincidence rate of 97.5%, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96% relative to qPCR. In conclusion, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay developed in this study offers rapid detection, high sensitivity and specificity, operational simplicity, low equipment dependency, and excellent repeatability. It provides a practical tool for early and rapid diagnosis of CIAV, clinical sample screening in grassroots veterinary laboratories, and on-site epidemiological surveillance in poultry farms, holding significant potential for the precise prevention, control, and eradication of CIAV in the poultry industry. Full article

This study investigated the posterior segment manifestations and molecular mechanisms of retinopathy in ectopia lentis (EL) by subjecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to excessive mechanical stretching. A total of 127 patients with EL and 149 healthy controls underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Aqueous humor from 10 patients per group underwent untargeted metabolomic analysis. In vitro, ARPE-19 cells were subjected to excessive mechanical stretching using a cell-tank device mimicking axial elongation. The results showed that patients with EL exhibited significantly longer Z-AL than controls, with 36.22% demonstrating retinal abnormalities. Metabolomic and RNA-seq analyses revealed enriched inflammatory metabolites and activated ECM-remodeling pathways. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence (IF), Western blotting (WB), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed elevated secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP3 in stretched RPE cells, consistent with the metabolomic findings. Excessive mechanical stretching induces inflammatory and ECM remodeling responses in RPE cells, potentially contributing to the retinopathy observed in EL. By integrating clinical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data, this study highlights TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP3 as inflammatory mediators linking biomechanical stress to retinal abnormalities. These findings provide insights into disease-associated retinal remodeling in EL and may inform future therapeutic strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a strong metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance remains a major clinical challenge despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer; however, its function in metastatic melanoma remains poorly defined. This study investigated the role of sFRP1 in melanoma progression and evaluated the anti-tumor effects of the pharmacological compound WAY-316606. Methods: sFRP1 expression was quantified in metastatic melanoma cell lines, xenograft models, and TCGA datasets. The anti-tumor effects of WAY-316606 on cell viability, cell cycle progression, cell migration and invasion, and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were assessed using WST assays, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell invasion assays, and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Results: sFRP1 expression was consistently elevated in metastatic melanoma cell lines, xenograft models, and TCGA datasets, and high sFRP1 expression was associated with poor overall survival. WAY-316606 selectively suppressed melanoma cell viability with minimal cytotoxic effects on non-tumorigenic cells, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, WAY-316606 markedly impaired the migratory and invasive capacities of metastatic melanoma cells, accompanied by downregulation of key ECM remodeling and fibrosis-related genes, including VIM, CCN2, FN1, and TGFBI. sFRP1 knockdown partially phenocopied the anti-migratory and gene expression effects of WAY-316606. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings identify sFRP1-asscoaited signaling contribute to aggressive melanoma phenotypes and highlight the therapeutic potential of its pharmacological inhibition using WAY-316606. Full article

Epidermal hyperinnervation is a major cause of intractable itch in barrier dysfunction conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Keratinocyte-derived semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) suppresses epidermal hyperinnervation, but its expression is markedly reduced in barrier-disrupted skin. Although konjac ceramide (kCer) has been reported to act as a Sema3A-like ligand, the mechanisms by which it regulates Sema3A expression in keratinocytes remain unclear. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with kCer, konjac glucosylceramide (kGlcCer), or C24 ceramide. Sema3A mRNA and protein levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The involvement of intracellular signaling was examined using mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) inverse agonists, and siRNAs targeting c-Jun, c-Fos, and RORα. kCer induced Sema3A expression in NHEKs more potently than kGlcCer or C24 ceramide and promoted Sema3A protein secretion. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of MEK1/2, JNK, AP-1 components, or RORα significantly attenuated kCer-induced Sema3A expression, indicating involvement of the MAPK/AP-1 signaling axis and RORα. kCer upregulates Sema3A expression in human keratinocytes through MAPK/AP-1 signaling and RORα, suggesting it may represent a promising antipruritic agent for epidermal hyperinnervation associated with skin barrier dysfunction. Full article

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and KS-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS-KS). Quantifying HHV-8 DNA in whole blood is clinically relevant, yet laboratory practices remain heterogeneous. Here, we developed and validated an in-house quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting ORF26, optimized for whole blood. Assay calibration used plasmid, BCBL-1 cell–derived, and commercial HHV-8 DNA standards. Analytical validation was performed following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines and showed a 95% limit of detection of 65.7 copies/reaction, efficiencies of 90–101% (R² > 0.99), and intra/inter-assay coefficients of variation < 6.5%. Strong correlations were observed among the three calibrators (R² > 0.97).Clinical validation against a composite reference yielded 100% sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. Viral loads (log₁₀ copies/mL) varied by clinical condition: classic KS and transplant-associated KS showed the lowest medians (2.30–2.23), MCD HIV− and PEL intermediate values (2.83–3.72), and epidemic KS, MCD HIV+, and IRIS-KS the highest (4.12, 4.86, and 5.03, respectively). Viremia > 5 log₁₀ copies/mL was associated with uncontrolled E-KS, MCD HIV+, and IRIS-KS. Longitudinal follow-up revealed viral load decline paralleled clinical improvement. This validated assay provides a robust, affordable tool for HHV-8 quantification in whole blood and supports its integration into diagnostic workflows and patient monitoring. Full article

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a pivotal determinant of meat quality in yaks (Bos grunniens). While nutritional factors are well-documented, the epigenetic landscape, particularly the transcriptional architecture governed by super-enhancers (SEs), remains largely unexplored in the context of IMF deposition. To investigate SE-associated genes, Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays using H3K27ac antibodies and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) were conducted on longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissues with high and low IMF contents. Integrated multi-omics analysis identified 82 enhancer-associated genes exhibiting significant upregulation in high-IMF samples, with 63 loci characterized as SE-associated. In particular, H3K27ac signal distribution analysis indicated that SEs were distributed across functional regions such as promoters, gene bodies, exons, and introns. Among these SE-related genes, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) was further investigated to understand its function and regulatory mechanisms. To address this, overexpression or knockdown experiments were conducted, followed by CCK-8, EdU, Bodipy functional assays, and Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Functional experiments revealed that BDH1 acts as a key positive regulator of yak preadipocyte differentiation and is a prime SE-associated candidate regulatory gene. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify its SE region, revealing that the activity of 4 enhancer regions was significantly upregulated. Collectively, these findings implicate SE-associated genes in IMF deposition in yaks, provide a valuable resource for future research, and underscore the functional relevance of BDH1 in this process. Full article

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat despite available vaccines and antiviral agents, while current therapies are limited by drug resistance and safety concerns. Curcuminoids exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities but are constrained by poor water solubility and low bioavailability. To address these limitations, we investigated the antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of a water-solubilized curcuminoid nanoparticle formulation (C–S/M) in both in vitro and in vivo models of IAV infection. To evaluate the potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of C–S/M, we performed a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay in triplicate at 0.001 MOI and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) targeting viral NS1 transcripts in MDCK cells. C–S/M suppressed viral NS1 vRNA levels in MDCK cells at lower curcuminoid-equivalent concentrations than native curcuminoids and attenuated IAV-induced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 production. Furthermore, in vivo antiviral efficacy was evaluated in female C57BL/6 mice intranasally infected with IAV and treated orally with C–S/M. Survival, lung viral loads, pulmonary cytokine levels, and splenic immune cell phenotypes were analyzed. In IAV-infected mice, oral administration of C–S/M modestly improved survival and significantly reduced lung viral burden and pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, in vivo C–S/M treatment was associated with recovery of virus-suppressed T-cell immune responses, including increased Th1 and activated CD8⁺ T cells, reduced regulatory T-cell expansion, and restoration of multifunctional CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. These findings suggest that C–S/M exerts antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in experimental IAV infection and may serve as a potential adjunctive candidate for further investigation against influenza-associated inflammation. Full article

Objective: In this study, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) mice were used as models to evaluate the improvement effect of Vitexin (Vit) on ovarian fibrosis and explore the mechanism of action of the NR4A1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Method: Sixty 4-week-old female ICR mice of the same batch number were selected and their systems were divided into 6 groups (n = 10): normal (Control, Ctrl) group, model (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS) group, treatment (Vitexin, The Vit group, normal NR4A1 gene silencing group (Ctrl NR4A1^-/-), NR4A1 gene silencing model group (PCOS NR4A1^-/-), and NR4A1 gene silencing treatment group (Vit NR4A1^-/-). Silencing gene modeling was performed by tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus (serotype AAV-8), and the mouse genotypes were detected by qRT-PCR technology 14 days after injection. After the genotype was determined, the PCOS group and the PCOS NR4A1^-/- group were administered dehydroepandrosterone (6 mg/100 g/d) by gavage for 28 consecutive days for modeling, while the Vit group and the Vit NR4A1^-/- group were treated with dehydroepandrosterone + vitexin (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 28 consecutive days. All mice were raised with pure water and regular maintenance food. After 4 weeks of drug intervention, the mice were euthanized and samples were collected. The pathological changes in ovarian tissue were observed by H&E staining, and the degree of ovarian tissue fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in mouse serum were detected by biochemical kits. The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α) in mouse serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect oxidative kinase (Gsta4, Prdx3, Mgst1, Gpx3, Gsr), inflammatory factors (Nlrp3, Caspase-1, Asc, Il-1β, Il-18, Tnf-α) and fibrotic pathway-related genes (Tgf-β1, Smad3, Collagen1, CTGF, α-SMA, Mmp-13, and β-catenin) in ovarian tissues. The levels of inflammatory factors (NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IκBα) and fibrosis in mice were determined by Western blot method, and statistical description and analysis were performed using SPSS software. Result: In the wild-type genotype group, compared with the PCOS group, Vit treatment could effectively regulate the metabolic abnormalities of PCOS mice, including inhibiting excessive weight gain, restoring normal glucose tolerance, and reducing body fat content. After Vit treatment, the levels of MDA, TC, TG, LDL, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α in the serum of PCOS mice were significantly reduced, while the levels of SOD and HDL in the serum of PCOS mice were increased. The staining results indicated that Vit treatment could significantly inhibit the process of ovarian fibrosis in PCOS mice. The results of WB and PCR demonstrated that after Vit gavage treatment in mice, inflammatory and fibrotic factors such as Nlrp3, Caspase-1, Asc, Il-1β, Il-18, Tgf-β1, Smad3, Collagen1, CTGF, and α-SMA in ovarian tissues could be significantly down-regulated, and the fibrotic level of ovarian tissues could be reduced. Among the same measurement indicators, the silenced NR4A1 group showed a certain degree of increase compared with the wild genotype group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Vit intervention can restore the sex hormone levels and follicular development in ovarian tissues of PCOS mice, regulate reproductive endocrine disorders and abnormal lipid metabolism levels, and regulate the expression of Collagen I, a-SMA and CTGF in the ovaries by inhibiting the NR4A1/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby improving the ovarian fibrosis level of PCOS mice. It is suggested that it may play a key role in the treatment of PCOS and the prevention and delay of its long-term complications. Full article

Objectives: An infectious trigger can initiate a systemic inflammatory response, which in turn activates immune cells and causes the release of various mediators. Local mediators, such as resolvin D1 (RvD1), actively interact with immune cells to promote the resolution of inflammation. This study aimed to determine the impact of RvD1 on the inflammatory response mediated by monocytes in response to LPS. Methods: To investigate the mechanism by which RvD1 affects the monocyte-mediated inflammatory response to LPS, human THP-1 monocytic cells were treated with LPS, RvD1, or vehicle for 24 h. Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The NF-κB and MAPK p38 signaling pathways were validated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting (WB). Results: RvD1 diminished the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in LPS-induced inflammation. RvD1 significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of CREB, NRF2, and BCL-2. In addition, RvD1 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of CASP3. RvD1 regulated the inflammatory process in human monocytic THP-1 cells via the NF-κB p65 (MyD88, p65) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways (p38, BCL-2) and further suppressed the expression of apoptotic factors (PI3K, caspase-3). Conclusions: RvD1 has been shown to exert pro-resolving effects by regulating the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and activating the NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38 signaling pathways. Full article