Search Results (9,759)

Digital development is becoming increasingly embedded in agricultural production, agricultural product circulation, and market service systems. The relationship between digital resources and the stable operation, coordinated response, and recovery adjustment of agricultural product supply chains under external shocks has become an important issue in agricultural modernization and sustainable agricultural development. Using provincial-level data from Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong covering the period from 2014 to 2023, this study applies the entropy weight method, necessary condition analysis (NCA), and fsQCA. Based on the resource-based view and dynamic capability theory, this study constructs an analytical framework linking resource configuration, scenario embeddedness, and capability transformation for agricultural product supply chain resilience, and examines multiple configurational paths through which different digital conditions are associated with agricultural product supply chain resilience. The results show that high agricultural product supply chain resilience is closely related to the coordinated matching of digital infrastructure, rural logistics networks, information and communication services, digital finance, and governance support. Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong present three paths: information service and circulation synergy, logistics network support, and digital circulation synergy. The degree of fit between digital resources and specific supply chain scenarios, including agricultural production, agricultural product circulation, financial services, and governance support, helps explain differences in agricultural product supply chain resilience among the three provinces. Full article

Conventional photovoltaic performance indicators provide useful benchmarking but do not determine whether production deficits arise from expected weather and module effects or from unresolved plant-side behaviour. This study develops a residual performance diagnostic framework for data-limited grid-connected photovoltaic plants and applies it to two adjacent fixed-tilt crystalline-silicon systems, each rated at 99.36 kW_p, in South Corfu, Greece, over 2016–2023. An expected-energy baseline was constructed using hourly irradiance and meteorological data from the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System after explicit correction for incidence-angle effects, irradiance-level response, module temperature, and first-order air-mass and spectral effects. Measured alternating-current energy delivered to the grid, obtained from the Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator, was then compared with the corrected expected energy through a weather-adjusted system-efficiency indicator and its complementary residual-loss coefficient. The explicit module and weather loss envelope remained close to 9.01%, with temperature as the largest modelled component. Residual losses increased from 10.76% to 14.53% in Plant 1 and from 10.51% to 16.26% in Plant 2. The fitted apparent annual declines were 0.453 percentage points per year for Plant 1 and 0.609 percentage points per year for Plant 2. A generation-hour uncertainty analysis based on independent observations from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service gave expanded uncertainties of ±5.80% for expected energy and ±5.89% for the system-efficiency indicator. The framework is therefore presented as an uncertainty-bounded screening method for prioritizing inspection and maintenance, not as a root-cause diagnostic or a formal performance-loss-rate assessment. Full article

Understanding the spatial spillover effects of ecosystem services (ESs) on the water–energy–food (WEF) development level is critical for regional sustainability, yet empirical evidence remains limited. Using prefecture-level units in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), this study investigated the relationship between four ESs, i.e., water yield, carbon storage, food production, and soil conservation, with the WEF development level from 2000 to 2020. A spatial Durbin model and geographically and temporally weighted regression were employed to quantify global spatial spillover effects and local heterogeneity. Results showed that both the WEF development level and ESs improved over the study period. At the basin scale, carbon storage exhibited the strongest positive effects on WEF development, with direct, spillover, and total effects of 0.29, 0.89, and 1.18, respectively. At the regional scale, water yield was positively associated with the WEF development level in northern Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces but negatively associated in western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Carbon storage maintained weak but consistently positive associations across most regions. Food production showed strong positive associations in eastern Shandong Province but moderate negative associations in southern Shanxi and western Henan Provinces. Soil conservation showed strong positive associations in western Inner Mongolia and parts of Qinghai, whereas strong negative associations occurred in eastern Shandong and Henan provinces. These findings underscore the critical role of carbon storage in supporting coordinated WEF development and emphasize the need to enhance carbon storage and adopt region-specific ecosystem management strategies for sustainable development in the YRB. Full article

The Philippine Sea Basin is one of the world’s largest marginal sea basins, and the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of its sound speed field hold significant importance for deep-sea navigation and positioning as well as underwater acoustic detection. This study investigates the sound speed field in the central Philippine Basin (130.0–134.0° E, 17.5–20.5° N) using the Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast product from the European Union’s Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), cross-validated with the U.S. HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), and independent verified against 69 Argo profiles. We systematically investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the sound speed field in this region. Temperature and salinity consistency between the two products is established (deviations of <0.5 °C and <0.05 ppt below 400 m), with CMEMS selected as the primary data source for its higher accuracy and greater temporal stability. Three sound speed formulae—Del Grosso, Chen–Millero, and TEOS-10—are intercompared, with TEOS-10 yielding the highest accuracy in cross-validation; it is therefore recommended for its rigorous thermodynamic consistency. Vertical sound speed profiles are evaluated using bi-exponential, Munk canonical, and fourth-order polynomial models. Among them, the bi-exponential model achieves the optimal balance between physical interpretability and fitting accuracy (RMSE = 2.77 m/s, inter-monthly correlation coefficient = 0.857). Its two exponential decay scales characterize the upper-ocean thermocline and the deep stratification, respectively, avoiding the physically unrealistic deep-water fluctuations exhibited by the polynomial model (RMSE = 2.68 m/s) and the poorer generalization of the Munk model (RMSE = 2.97 m/s). Horizontal gradient analysis reveals a cross-directional correlation of approximately 0.5 between sound speed gradients and ocean currents, reflecting the combined modulation of sound speed gradients by Kuroshio advection and thermodynamic stratification. The general gradient control scale is estimated at approximately 100 km × 100 km, confirmed by cross-method consistency between K-means and Gaussian mixture model clustering. Temporal analysis demonstrates that sound speed peak-to-peak variation attenuates rapidly with depth (from ~8.9 m/s at 50 m to <0.1 m/s at 4000 m), and EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis reveals that the first four modes explain over 99% of the total variance, with harmonic fitting identifying annual and semi-annual cycles as the dominant periodic components. Sound channel axis depth varies seasonally between 900 and 1125 m (deeper in winter, shallower in spring), with axis sound speed stable at 1480–1484 m/s (slightly higher in winter, slightly lower in spring) and axis thickness ranging from 225 to 450 m (wider in winter, narrower in spring). These results provide prior critical constraints for underwater acoustic positioning, AUV navigation, and long-range sound channel communication and navigation in the central Philippine Sea region. Full article

Most public investment feasibility studies rely on the linear assumption model (LAM), which assumes constant growth in revenues and costs and may overlook the underlying production structure. This study develops a Production Function-Based Financial Feasibility Model (PFFM) by integrating a Cobb–Douglas production function into cash flow analysis. It also applies the model to a 15-year electric bus project operated by the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization, covering three routes and a total investment of THB 285.05 million. The analysis uses deterministic projections based on expert-validated growth assumptions. Ordinary least squares estimation yields an energy elasticity of 0.990; however, because energy consumption is derived from a fixed rate per kilometre, this coefficient primarily reflects the internal consistency of the projections rather than an independently estimated behavioural relationship. Returns to scale are statistically indistinguishable from unity (RTS = 1.006; p = 0.95). Based solely on farebox and advertising revenues, both the LAM and PFFM indicate that the project is financially infeasible, with base-case NPVs of −THB 271.74 million and −THB 271.61 million, respectively, B/C ratios of approximately 0.54, and unattainable IRRs. This conclusion remains unchanged under a 30% increase in electricity prices. Although the two models produce similar results because RTS is close to unity, the PFFM provides a more transparent decomposition of fixed and marginal costs and clearer diagnostic insights into production technology and cost risk. In addition, an SROI analysis covering environmental, health, safety, and time-saving benefits, together with net-impact adjustments, yields a ratio of 3.45, indicating that the project generates substantial social value despite its financial infeasibility. The proposed framework therefore provides public agencies with a more comprehensive basis for investment decisions, subsidy design, and public service obligation policies. Full article

Fresh-food retail demand is only partially observed when products stock out: point-of-sale records report sales, whereas the unmet part of demand is censored. This study develops a probabilistic decision-support framework, termed CADRE, that treats stockout-flagged observations as lower bounds, separates recurring diurnal structure from censoring effects, and shapes the replenishment decision with an asymmetric shortage–spoilage loss. The evaluation uses FreshRetailNet-50K, an hourly Chinese fresh-retail benchmark with observed stockout labels, and a complementary daily robustness experiment on the Ecuadorian Favorita panel with a constructed high-demand censoring mask. On FreshRetailNet-50K, CADRE reduces weighted absolute percentage error (WAPE) from 39.42% for the TimeXer backbone to 36.71% and reduces re-censored demand bias from $-8.1\%$ to $-1.3\%$. In a controlled replenishment simulation on known re-censored demand, modelled waste decreases from 9.8% under a censored-sales policy to 6.4% under CADRE while service level increases from 92.9% to 94.7%. These results indicate potential improvements in replenishment decision support under the evaluated assumptions, rather than measured operational food-waste or emissions reductions. Operational food-waste and emission effects remain to be validated through field deployment. Full article

Compound crises of heritage cities in the global south led to the destruction of both physical and intangible assets, as well as the processes and relationships that sustain them; nevertheless, while there is more awareness regarding the importance of intangible heritage, regeneration approaches after the crisis period still focus on tangible losses, while the intangible cultural aspects are often overlooked in planning, especially under conditions of restricted field access. This paper proposes a remote-first CESSOP diagnostic model (CSDM), integrating CES and SOP in four decision-focused products: Crisis Pressure Profile (CPP), Biocultural Asset Map (BAM), CESSOP Vulnerability Matrix (CSVM), and modeling and Action Typology and Priority Pathways (ATPP), rather than adopting an existing framework. The Cultural Ecosystem Services and Sense of Place Diagnostic Model (CESSOP Diagnostic Model). The CSDM is new; it is a theoretically constructed, theoretically grounded, crisis-sensitive diagnostic methodology designed for heritage cities under conditions of data scarcity and restricted field access. This approach includes aspects of document research, open-source data, environmental morphological intelligence, social networks and remote participation inputs, supported with embedded confidence rating. The methodology is illustrated by a study of old Sana’a, Yemen, and it is applied in cases when there are few opportunities for direct observation. Full article

To address the low production efficiency and insufficient cross-enterprise collaboration in wallboard outsourcing for coating equipment manufacturing, this study proposes a wallboard manufacturing service composition optimization method based on an improved NSGA-III algorithm. First, the service composition optimization problem in wallboard manufacturing is analyzed, and a mathematical model for wallboard outsourcing service composition optimization is established. Next, an improved NSGA-III method integrating Latin hypercube sampling, greedy local search, and Lévy flight-based global search strategies is proposed, alongside a similarity measurement method for the objective-space structure based on statistical features and distribution differences, which is used to select benchmark functions that closely match the characteristics of actual business data. Finally, comparative experiments using benchmark functions and real-world business data are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in solving service composition optimization problems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves excellent performance in both solution quality and computational efficiency, significantly improving the utilization of wallboard outsourcing manufacturing resources across enterprises and facilitating efficient business process flows. Full article

This study presents the development and validation of the nationwide ground motion monitoring system of InSAR.Hungary, which is designed to produce deformation monitoring products harmonized with the European Ground Motion Service. The proposed workflow integrates PSI results with GNSS-derived deformation models within a consistent framework. As a methodological contribution, it introduces an optimization-based spatial reference point selection method, which combines kernel density estimation with global optimization, and its extended formulation permitting subsequent utilization of a virtual reference. In addition, a simplified calibration strategy is also implemented, reducing the calibration of InSAR with GNSS data to a superimposing step, under the assumption that large-scale deformation components are introduced only by GNSS to the calibrated results. The system is validated through cross-comparisons, first against the European Ground Motion Service. The results reveal low-amplitude, spatially heterogeneous large-scale residual patterns between the products, which are potentially attributable to differences in the handling of long-wavelength phase and deformation components between the models. After accounting for these effects, the residual differences exhibit no significant bias and remain consistent with random spatial variability, indicating statistical agreement between the models. This finding is also supported by the outcome of the cross-comparison of InSAR.Hungary and observed GNSS-based deformation measurements. These findings confirm the reliability of the proposed workflow and establish InSAR.Hungary as a consistent framework for wide-area ground motion monitoring with practical applicability in geodetic and operational contexts. Full article

The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life has generated debate regarding its impact on language services, where tools such as Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated. Framed as an exploratory and preliminary study, this article examines how a self-selected sample of 60 language-service professionals working in European contexts perceive the adoption of AI, particularly LLMs, in relation to professional practices, quality, ethical concerns, and emerging competence requirements. An embedded mixed-methods design was adopted, combining descriptive quantitative analysis with the thematic analysis of open-ended responses. The findings suggest a cautious and selective adoption of LLMs. While respondents recognise potential advantages related to speed, productivity, and support for specific tasks, they also identify persistent limitations concerning quality, terminology, contextual adequacy, cultural sensitivity, and the need for human revision. Respondents also report concerns about professional devaluation, changing work conditions, and the need for reskilling, particularly in relation to general translation and AI-assisted workflows. At the same time, some participants identify opportunities for innovation, enhanced human oversight, and the revaluation of specialised expertise. Overall, the study suggests that, from the perspective of the surveyed professionals, AI is contributing to the reconfiguration of language-service practices, while reinforcing the continued importance of human judgement, linguistic expertise, ethical responsibility, and critical engagement with AI-generated outputs. Full article

A CT-80 coiled tubing fractured at the gooseneck during retrieval after a 2.5 h treatment with 15% HCl under high-temperature bottom-hole conditions (196 °C). The failure was investigated by dimensional measurements, metallography, Vickers microhardness testing, SEM/EDS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Pronounced corrosion asymmetry was observed. Cumulative external wall loss reached 1.196 mm, compared with 0.292 mm on the inner wall, while the wall loss attributed to the final operation was approximately twelve times greater externally than internally. These findings suggest two different exposure histories: predominantly uniform attack of the outer wall during backflow of spent, inhibitor-depleted acid, and localized pitting of the inner wall under incomplete inhibitor coverage. EDS mapping identified Sb-rich deposits around inner-wall pits. In combination with the relevant literature, this distribution is consistent with a possible Sb–Fe galvanic effect that may have promoted local anodic dissolution, although galvanic coupling was not measured directly. The FT-IR spectra were consistent with iron oxides/oxyhydroxides, carbonate-containing scale, sulfate-bearing products on the outer surface, and thin organic residues rather than a continuous inhibitor film. Microhardness increased from 229 HV1 in the new tubing to 243.4 HV1 at the fracture location; this increase may reflect limited hydrogen uptake together with service-induced strain hardening or residual stresses. Fractography showed necking and dimpled microvoid coalescence, supporting a predominantly ductile overload mechanism in the corrosion-thinned section. A limited contribution of hydrogen to ductility loss cannot be excluded because the hydrogen content was not quantified. Full article

Land-cover-based ecosystem service valuation commonly assigns a uniform value coefficient to pixels within the same land-cover class, thereby overlooking ecological heterogeneity in mountainous protected areas. This study developed an improved remote sensing ecological index (IRSEI) and applied it as a spatial adjustment factor in the equivalent factor method to assess ecosystem service value (ESV) changes in the Qionglai Mountains section of Giant Panda National Park, China, between 2017 and 2022. IRSEI integrated the normalized difference vegetation index, wetness, normalized difference built-up and soil index, land surface temperature, and cumulative dynamic habitat index derived from the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. DHI-cum was included as a proxy for annual cumulative vegetation productivity and habitat energy availability rather than a direct measure of biodiversity or giant panda habitat quality. Total ESV increased from 3.27 × 10⁸ CNY in 2017 to 4.25 × 10⁸ CNY in 2022, representing an increase of 9.79 × 10⁷ CNY, or 29.98%. Water bodies contributed the largest absolute increase, rising by 4.79 × 10⁷ CNY, or 42.45%, whereas farmland showed the highest relative increase of 45.35%. Woodland remained the dominant contributor to total ESV. Spatially, ESV was higher in the northern and southern parts and lower in the central region. All corrected sensitivity coefficients were below one, indicating that total ESV responded inelastically to ±50% perturbations of individual land-cover value coefficients. The framework improves within-class spatial differentiation of ESV and may support targeted management of mountainous protected areas, although field-based habitat and biodiversity data are needed for further validation. Full article

Industrial maintenance and fault-diagnosis systems generate textual records, such as maintenance work orders, service requests, causal analyses, and troubleshooting solutions. These records contain domain-specific named entities that provide valuable knowledge for intelligent monitoring, fault diagnosis, maintenance decision support, and industrial knowledge graph construction. However, in practical industrial environments, maintenance records are strongly associated with specific equipment types, production processes, fault modes, and enterprise-specific terminology. As a result, entity schemas vary across systems, new entity types emerge with equipment updates, and high-quality annotation requires substantial domain expertise. These factors make it difficult to obtain sufficient labeled samples for each industrial entity type. Under such low-resource conditions, conventional supervised named entity recognition (NER) models tend to suffer from unstable entity boundary detection and biased entity representations. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a boundary-aware knowledge graph-guided adaptive prototype correction framework for few-shot NER in industrial maintenance information systems. The proposed framework first introduces a boundary-aware span detection mechanism to improve entity localization in noisy and irregular maintenance texts. A knowledge graph-guided adaptive prototype correction module is then designed to construct entity class prototypes from limited support examples, reducing prototype bias caused by sparse annotations. Experiments are conducted on two representative industrial datasets, MaintIE and CFDK, covering maintenance short texts and fault-diagnosis records. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves an average Micro-F1 improvement of 1.89 percentage points over the strongest compared baseline across 12 episodic settings on the two industrial datasets: three MaintIE coarse-grained settings, six MaintIE fine-grained settings, and three CFDK settings. The ablation and sensitivity analyses further indicate that boundary-aware span modeling and KG-guided prototype correction jointly contribute to low-resource entity classification. This study provides a data-efficient information extraction solution for AI-enabled industrial knowledge acquisition, fault diagnosis, and maintenance decision support. Full article

Thermal spray coatings have also been adopted as a solution strategy to increase the service life and improve the performance of designed engineered electrochemical energy devices, especially batteries and solid oxide cells. These systems share common attributes of challenges in interfacial stability, degradation in microstructure, and transport limitations in extreme operating conditions. This review revolves around the significance of microstructural coating, that is, distribution of porosity, phase composition, splat bonding, and interface quality in regulating the electrochemical performance. High-entropy alloys, functional graded material, and nanostructured feedstock are also mentioned in the context of how they can be utilized to modify coating properties and make the device more reliable. The processing environments and microstructure development relative to major performance indices, such as ionic/ electronic conductivity, corrosion behavior, and stability, are critically examined. Furthermore, the trade-off between the energy consumed during the synthesis of the powders and the efficiency of deposition of the coating is discussed to give information on sustainable production. Other new approaches involving the use of computational models and artificial intelligence to maximize the processes are also discussed in this review. Generally, this paper creates a process–structure–performance system for the rational development of thermal spray coatings in the next generation of electrochemical-based energy systems. Full article

Family-centred approaches are being increasingly recognized as integral to inclusive mental health care. Although substantial evidence-based exists for specific interventions particularly family intervention for psychosis, there is no synthesis that maps how family-centred approaches are conceptualized, implemented, and linked to inclusivity across diagnoses, service contexts, and levels of evidence. Existing reviews are largely disorder-specific or outcome-focused and do not examine family-centred care as a system-level strategy for inclusive practice. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the existing literature on family-centred approaches used to promote inclusive mental health care for individuals with psychiatric disorders. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for English-language empirical studies published between 2000 and 2025. Studies involving individuals with psychiatric disorders and any form of family-centred, family-focused, or family-inclusive approach were eligible. Data were charted and analyzed thematically to map intervention types, reported outcomes, and implementation influences; the review did not evaluate intervention effectiveness. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Only five themes emerged from this study. Across the literature, family involvement was associated with improved engagement, enhanced communication, and increased caregiver competence. Psychoeducation featured prominently in evidence-based interventions, while newer models emphasized shared decision-making and service co-production. Family-centred approaches are conceptualized in diverse ways across mental health services and are commonly linked to more inclusive and collaborative care. However, the strength of evidence varies substantially between intervention types. This review clarified how family-centred practices are situated across levels of evidence and service contexts, highlighting the need for greater precision in distinguishing established interventions from emerging practices and for system-level strategies to support consistent, culturally responsive family inclusion. Full article