Search Results (107)

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign yet locally aggressive tumour associated with a clinically relevant risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. While surgical outcomes are well documented, data on long-term patient-reported quality of life (QoL) remain limited and are often based on short-term or single time-point assessments using disease-specific instruments alone. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-centre observational cohort study of adults with histologically confirmed IP treated endoscopically. Patients were followed in a university-affiliated otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic and completed the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) at each visit; from 2022 onwards, the generic WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was additionally administered. Longitudinal SNOT-22 trajectories were analysed using generalised additive models and linear mixed-effects models. In a subgroup of patients, retrospectively recalled preoperative SNOT-22 and WHOQOL-BREF scores were used only for exploratory paired pre–post comparisons. Results: Sixty-nine patients were included. Mean follow-up was 63.1 ± 27.8 months, and recurrence occurred in 21 of 69 patients (30%). A total of 461 postoperative SNOT-22 assessments with complete follow-up time data were included in the longitudinal analysis, with a median of six assessments per patient. Mean postoperative SNOT-22 score was 25.4 ± 19.8, and longitudinal postoperative trajectories showed a largely stable course over time. In the paired exploratory subgroup (n = 34), retrospectively recalled preoperative SNOT-22 scores were higher than postoperative scores, although these exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously because baseline PROMs were not collected prospectively. Exploratory paired comparisons of WHOQOL-BREF showed higher postoperative scores in the physical, psychological and environmental domains. Conclusions: Patients with sinonasal IP treated endoscopically can achieve favourable and largely stable long-term disease-specific and generic QoL. No single baseline clinical factor showed a clear association with postoperative SNOT-22 scores in the longitudinal models. Combining disease-specific and generic patient-reported outcome measures with longitudinal modelling may support more informed postoperative counselling in this rare, recurrent condition, while structured surveillance remains essential. Full article

Young women living in urban informal settlements experience intersecting structural and environmental conditions that shape health and well-being. Alcohol environments (the physical, social, and commercial contexts in which alcohol is sold, marketed and consumed) represent an important but understudied social and commercial determinant of health. Young women in these settings face intersecting vulnerabilities, including poverty, unemployment, and gender inequality, that increase their exposure to alcohol-related harm. Although alcohol use and alcohol-related harms are increasingly understood as shaped by social and commercial determinants of health, little is known about how young women experience alcohol environments in low-resource settings. This exploratory, site-specific secondary, qualitative analysis draws on data from a 2022 Photovoice project conducted over several weeks with 15 young women (ages 18–24) living in urban poverty in Kampala. Participants used photography and group discussions to explore how alcohol shapes their lives. Our inductive thematic analysis included all five participants from the Makindye site, where alcohol-related photographs and narratives emerged prominently during the Photovoice discussions. Six key themes were identified from 42 narrative excerpts and two photographs, highlighting alcohol’s dual role as both a source of livelihood and a source of harm. Participants described pervasive exposure to aggressive marketing, unregulated drinking venues, and the normalization of alcohol use, often linked to interpersonal violence, emotional distress, and disruption of household dynamics. Alcohol environments also constrained women’s mobility and safety, limiting their participation in public life. These findings suggest that alcohol environments may shape young women’s exposure to violence, economic precarity, and psychological distress in this setting. They also point to the potential value of gender-responsive policies, stronger regulation, and community-based prevention strategies to address alcohol-related harm and health inequities in low-resource urban settings. Full article

Background/Objectives: Bullying represents a serious threat to the physical, psychological, and social well-being of students, with particular relevance in Physical Education (PE) contexts, where the physical and competitive nature of the setting may facilitate specific forms of aggression. Despite growing research interest, evidence on the prevalence and distribution of bullying roles and typologies within PE remains limited, particularly in primary education. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of bullying victimisation, perpetration, and bully-victim profiles among primary school pupils in PE, as well as to examine differences by sex and year group across the different forms of bullying behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with an analytical sample of 831 pupils from Year 3 to Year 6 of compulsory primary education in Córdoba, Spain. Bullying roles and typologies were assessed using a validated self-report instrument. Differences by sex and year group were examined through appropriate inferential analyses. Results: A total of 21.1% of pupils were identified as victims, 5% as perpetrators, and 8.5% as bully-victims. The most frequent form of perpetration was exclusion/rejection (7.9%), surpassing physical and verbal aggression. Boys showed greater physical victimisation and a higher tendency towards the pure perpetrator role, whilst exclusion showed no significant differences by sex. Physical and verbal behaviours decreased as year group advanced, whereas exclusion remained stable throughout the entire primary stage. The bully-victim profile was more prevalent in lower year groups. Conclusions: The findings highlight the particular relevance of exclusion/rejection as the predominant form of bullying in PE, which persists across year groups regardless of sex. These results underscore the need to design inclusive groupings, promote cooperative tasks, and implement early intervention strategies. Specific training for PE teachers in bullying detection and intervention is identified as a priority to address this phenomenon effectively within the PE context. Full article

Background/Objectives: The rapid growth of the companion animal industry has increased demand for professional pet grooming services; however, occupational health risks among pet groomers remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), occupational burnout, and associated occupational and ergonomic factors and their interrelationships among pet grooming professionals. Methods: A total of 180 pet grooming professionals were recruited through geographically stratified convenience sampling across northern, central, and southern Taiwan. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing demographics, workload, ergonomic equipment, and working postures. MSD symptoms were evaluated using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and occupational burnout was assessed using the Taiwan Ministry of Labor Burnout Assessment Scale. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with MSD severity and occupational burnout. Results: MSDs were highly prevalent, with 95% of participants reporting symptoms in at least one body region. The most affected regions were the right shoulder (71.7%), neck (70.6%), upper back (65.6%), and lower back (65.6%). Significant associated ergonomic factors included excessive bathing tub depth (≥46 cm), non-adjustable grooming tables, prolonged trunk flexion, and horse-stance postures. Higher workload intensity, including frequent bathing tasks and handling aggressive or large animals, was significantly associated with greater MSD severity (p < 0.05). Moderate-to-severe personal- and work-related burnout were identified in 43.3% and 37.2% of participants, respectively. MSD severity was positively correlated with personal-related burnout (r = 0.491, p < 0.001) and work-related burnout (r = 0.428, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis results indicated the MSD score was a significant predictor of both personal- and work-related burnout (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pet grooming professionals experience a substantial burden of MSDs and occupational burnout associated with ergonomic strain and physically demanding work. Non-neutral postures and inadequately designed equipment were significantly associated with greater MSD severity. The close association between MSDs and burnout underscores the interrelationship between physical and psychological occupational health. Ergonomic workplace modifications and targeted occupational health interventions are necessary to improve worker well-being and industry sustainability. Full article

Background: Bullying represents a complex problem affecting students of all ages. Among the factors that influence it, appraisals of the transgressions and bystanders’ responses play a very important role. The present study examined adults’ emotional, evaluative, and behavioral responses to hypothetical bullying scenarios varying by bullying type and victim ethnicity. It also explored whether psychological distress was associated with bystanding behaviors as well as previous bullying experiences. Methods: The study used a mixed 3 × 4 vignette-based design. Victim ethnicity (i.e., Romanian, Roma, or Hungarian) was manipulated between participants, while bullying type was manipulated within participants through four scenarios describing physical, verbal, indirect, and cyberbullying. The final sample included 477 adults aged between 18 and 52 years. Participants appraised each transgression (i.e., empathic reactions, unacceptability), reported their likely bystander behavioral intentions (i.e., defend, ignore, report or join the aggression), completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and reported previous bullying experiences as victim, witness, and aggressor. Results: Bullying type was the most consistent factor shaping participants’ appraisals as well as bystander reactions. The most tolerated forms were indirect bullying (e.g., highest probability to join the aggression) and verbal bullying (e.g., lowest unacceptability) the least accepted was physical bullying (e.g., lowest probability to join the aggression) while cyberbullying elicited specific patterns (i.e., lower empathy but higher willingness to report the incident). Victim ethnicity had a very limited effect, only concerning reporting intentions: lower for Hungarian targets compared to Romanian. Psychological distress was mainly associated with previous victimization and witnessing, while associations with scenario-based responses were smaller and more specific. Conclusions: The findings suggest that bystander responses are differentiated across bullying forms and prevention efforts should address subtle, indirect, verbal, and online forms of bullying, as these may be more easily normalized or less directly confronted. Full article

Peer conflict in early adolescence ranges from everyday disagreements to repeated aggression and bullying-related experiences. Bullying should not be reduced to physical violence: it may involve relational exclusion, psychological harassment, or verbal aggression without direct physical harm, whereas isolated aggressive acts do not necessarily constitute bullying. This study evaluated Reformulando, a school-based program that trains communication-based socio-emotional skills through pragmatic reformulation and respectful language. Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a non-equivalent control group, we assessed changes in conflict management strategies, peer aggression, and bullying-related experiences among students aged 10–13 years. Initial analyses suggested reductions in verbal peer aggression in the experimental group relative to the control group, although these effects were attenuated in age-adjusted and classroom-clustered sensitivity analyses. Collaborative conflict management increased over time, although this change did not differ significantly between groups. Bullying-related experiences decreased during the study period, but these reductions were not specific to the experimental group. This pattern emerged in the primary analyses but was attenuated in age-adjusted and cluster-adjusted sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest the potential value of brief communication-based training for addressing verbal peer conflict, while highlighting the need for cautious interpretation due to baseline group differences, grade-level imbalance, classroom clustering, and the quasi-experimental design. Full article

Background/Objectives: Child-to-parent violence (CPV) refers to persistent physical, psychological, or financial violence perpetrated by children or adolescents against their parents. Although CPV has attracted increasing academic and professional attention in recent years, evidence regarding its predictors remains fragmented. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on the predictors of adolescent CPV, with a particular focus on developmental victimization, personality traits, and psychopathology. Violence refers to the intentional use of physical, psychological, or symbolic force to cause harm, control, or suffering, while aggression corresponds to intentional behavior aimed at harming another individual, which may or may not involve physical violence and is often broader and more situational. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024596076). Searches were carried out in January 2025 across six electronic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL). Empirical studies published between 2000 and 2025 examining predictors of CPV in adolescence, namely developmental victimization, personality traits, and psychopathology, were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: The search identified 862 records, of which 46 studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained for full-text analysis. Most studies were quantitative in design and published within the last 15 years, with Spain accounting for most of the empirical evidence. The findings consistently demonstrated associations between CPV and exposure to direct or vicarious family victimization, maladaptive personality traits—particularly psychopathic features—and a range of psychopathological symptoms, including substance use, mood and anxiety disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions. Conclusions: The results support a multifactorial and developmental understanding of CPV, highlighting early victimization as a central risk context interacting with personality and mental health vulnerabilities. Limitations of the existing literature are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed, emphasizing the need for longitudinal and qualitative studies to inform prevention and intervention strategies. Full article

The transition to a low-carbon economy is the cornerstone of global sustainability, requiring high-emission enterprises to shift from carbon-intensive production to genuine green innovation. However, this study uncovers a significant structural impediment to this transition: the “defensive greenwashing” response to climate stress. Focusing on listed companies in China’s high-emission industries (2009–2024), we employ a Debiased Machine Learning (DML) framework and Causal Forest analysis to capture the non-linear impacts of multi-dimensional climate risks. Our findings reveal a robust “threshold-trigger” mechanism: once climate pressures—whether physical shocks or policy-induced transition risks—exceed corporate endurance levels, firms aggressively pivot toward strategic “information arbitrage” rather than substantive decarbonization. We identify a profound “capability paradox” in sustainability governance, where firms with higher digital maturity and resource slack leverage their technical prowess to “calibrate” sophisticated narratives, thereby widening the monitoring gap and distorting green asset pricing. Furthermore, CEO risk preference acts as a psychological accelerator, amplifying strategic decoupling, particularly under transition-risk-induced uncertainty. By demonstrating how climate stress inadvertently incentivizes symbolic compliance over sustainable transformation, this research offers critical micro-level insights for policymakers. These findings are vital for refining sustainability oversight and ensuring that capital allocation fosters a resilient, equitable transition toward true ecological and economic decoupling. Full article

Background: Personality traits, particularly those belonging to the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), may influence violent behavior and adaptation to the prison environment. Methods: The study included 250 male inmates from Bucharest-Jilava Penitentiary, aged between 20 and 67 years. The Emotional Stability Scale (IPIP), the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Short Dark Triad Scale (SD3) were administered. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations, multiple linear regressions, and binary logistic regressions. Results: Emotional stability was negatively correlated with aggression (r = −0.48, p < 0.01). Psychopathy significantly predicted physical aggression (t = 11.96, p < 0.001) and anger (t = 9.53, p < 0.001), whereas Machiavellianism predicted verbal aggression (t = 3.14, p = 0.002) and hostility (t = 4.73, p < 0.001). Higher levels of physical aggression were associated with a lower likelihood of participation in educational activities (Exp(B) = 0.93, p = 0.032). Conclusions: The influence of Dark Triad traits on aggression is differentiated, with psychopathy exerting the strongest effect. Low emotional stability increases vulnerability to hostile behaviors. These findings support the need for multidimensional psychological assessments and tailored intervention programs designed to enhance violent offenders’ engagement in educational activities aimed at impulse control and empathy development within the prison environment. Full article

Dog bite incidents constitute significant public health, animal welfare, and economic concerns with substantial physical and psychological consequences for victims. Despite legislative responses, research indicates that breed-focused interventions are ineffective in reducing dog bite risk. Human behaviour, caregiving practices, and environmental context all play central roles in the expression of human-directed canine aggression. Current methods of assessing dog bite risk remain largely unstructured, dog-centred, and reliant on subjective judgement and provocative behavioural testing. These approaches exhibit limited predictive validity and poor reliability, and are vulnerable to bias, raising serious concerns for public safety, judicial fairness, and animal welfare. Comparable challenges in human violence risk assessment led to the development of an evidence-based structured professional judgement (SPJ) assessment framework, which combines empirical risk factors with individualised case formulation and dynamic risk management. An SPJ framework for dog bite risk would ensure the systematic consideration of empirically supported static and dynamic risk factors relating to the dog, caregivers, and related environmental conditions, while supporting the development of targeted risk reduction strategies. Conclusion: Developing an SPJ approach offers a more scientifically grounded, ethically defensible, and prevention-focused method for managing dog bite risk, with potential benefits for public safety, animal welfare, and professional practice. Full article

We examined the unique and joint effects of general and sexual aggression on the job, health, and psychological outcomes of women in the reserve component of the U.S. military with varying activation and deployment experiences (n = 13,541). We expected that general and sexual aggression would negatively influence women’s job, health, and psychological outcomes, and that the effects of general aggression would be stronger than the effects of sexual aggression on these outcomes. Further, we evaluated whether aggressive behaviors combined in an additive, adaptive or amplified manner to influence women’s outcomes. Consistent with our hypotheses, both general and sexual aggression experiences were associated with decreased satisfaction with work, coworkers and leaders, lower organizational commitment, poorer physical health and increased psychological distress; the effects of general aggression were stronger than the effects of sexual aggression on women’s outcomes; and the combined effects of general and sexual aggression on women’s outcomes were best characterized in terms of an adaptive response. Results were consistent for women reservists regardless of their activation or deployment experience. We discuss various implications of our findings for future research in this area. Full article

Coercion theory posits that a vicious cycle of negative reinforcement traps both parents and children, shaping young children to become stably aggressive in conflicts with their parents. Research on intimate partner violence has found some evidence supporting the application of coercion theory in explaining aggressive escalation in adult conflicts as well. It is unclear whether the same processes are at play during teens’ early dating relationships. On the one hand, dating aggression emerges as soon as dating relationships do. On the other hand, we also know that if aggression presents extremely early in relationships, dissolution is the most likely path. We explored the role of coercion in 209 teen dating couples who were observed in a laboratory series of problem-solving discussions and analogue conflict tasks. All data were coded by trained coders blind to hypotheses. Analyses suggest that the negative reinforcement of hostility is indeed significantly associated with both psychological and physical aggression in an adolescent dating sample. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed, as well as developmental processes that may contribute to dating aggression in light of our findings. Full article

Background/Objectives: Workplace violence in the healthcare sector is a growing global concern. Defined as incidents where staff are abused, threatened, or assaulted in work-related contexts, this issue affects over half of healthcare personnel worldwide, with nurses being particularly vulnerable. The consequences are far-reaching, leading to diminished service quality, workforce turnover, reduced healthcare access, and increased costs. Despite its physical and psychological impact, workplace violence remains underreported, especially in its psychological forms, which have historically been underestimated. Methods: This study applies Per Isdal’s typology of violence to analyze incident reports from a hospital setting. By doing so, it offers a structured framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of workplace violence. By categorizing and examining how different forms of violence co-occur and manifest in daily professional interactions, the study aims to contribute to more systematic documentation and theoretical understanding of the field. Results: In total, 247 incidents were analyzed. Physical violence was the most frequently reported type with 167 incidents, followed by psychological violence with 125 cases. Material violence accounted for 28 reports, sexual violence for 10, and latent violence for 4, indicating that physical and psychological aggression dominates the spectrum of workplace violence in this context. Conclusions: The prevalence and complexity of violent incidents targeting healthcare personnel highlight the pressing need for actionable policies and evidence-based interventions that prioritize staff safety and psychological well-being. Establishing clear definitions of violence, alongside fostering a culture of reporting, is essential to create safer and more resilient healthcare environments. Full article

Background: Obesity and overweight are escalating global public health concerns. This study examined the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and psychological factors in young adults. Methods: A total of 283 participants aged 19–30 years were categorized by BMI (normal weight, overweight, obesity) using self-reported data. Psychological assessments included the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), all with acceptable reliability. Individuals with psychiatric, neurological, or chronic somatic conditions were excluded. Analyses involved MANOVA, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and hierarchical regression, controlling for gender, physical activity, smoking, caffeine, alcohol, medication, and sleep disturbances. Results: MANOVA showed a near-significant multivariate effect of BMI on psychological variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.913, p = 0.068). ANOVA revealed significant differences in perceived stress among BMI groups (F (2, 279) = 3.796, p = 0.024), with obese participants reporting lower stress. Hierarchical regression identified perceived stress as the strongest predictor of BMI, followed by resilience and physical aggression. General aggression was negatively associated with BMI, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms. Conclusions: Perceived stress and resilience showed small but significant associations with BMI in young adults, suggesting a modest contribution of psychological factors to weight-related health. Full article

This qualitative study examines the impact of societal violence on the school climate in Arab society in Israel, focusing on teachers’ perspectives. Violence is conceptualized as an extreme, intentional form of aggression aimed at causing physical, psychological, or emotional harm. In the Israeli context, Arab society, constituting about 21% of the population, experiences disproportionately high rates of violent crime, reflecting historical marginalization, structural inequality, under-policing, and sociocultural transformations. Within schools, these societal dynamics are reported to negatively affect the learning environment, including diminished teacher motivation, concerns about teaching quality, heightened perceptions of unsafety, strained parent–school relationships, and increased parental aggression. Sixteen teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that financial pressures, emphasis on personal honor, and erosion of family values are perceived as key drivers of violence in the community. Teachers also reported adverse effects on students’ emotional, social, and behavioral functioning, as well as academic performance. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions that enhance school safety, provide trauma-informed teacher training, expand psychological services, and strengthen parental collaboration. Future research should include students’ and parents’ perspectives, examine geographically diverse schools, and explore cross-cultural comparisons to better understand the educational consequences of societal violence. Full article