Search Results (953)

Functionally graded nickel-based coatings represent an advanced surface engineering approach designed to enhance the performance of components operating in high-temperature and harsh environments. Unlike conventional coatings with uniform composition, functionally graded coatings exhibit gradual variations in composition and microstructure across their thickness, enabling improved adhesion, reduced residual stresses, and enhanced multifunctional performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nickel-based functionally graded coatings, focusing on substrate materials, coating compositions, and manufacturing technologies. Particular attention is given to coatings designed for high-temperature applications and harsh service conditions, including carbide-reinforced composite coatings and MCrAlY-type systems used for oxidation and corrosion protection. Various fabrication methods, including laser cladding, additive manufacturing, electrodeposition, and thermal spraying, are critically discussed in terms of their advantages and limitations. The current state of the art is analyzed with emphasis on coating performance in high-temperature and aggressive environments. Finally, key challenges and future research directions are identified, highlighting the need for improved long-term performance evaluation, advanced manufacturing approaches, and the development of multifunctional gradient coating architectures. Full article

Background/Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in Saudi Arabia; however, national estimates of stroke-related rehabilitation needs remain limited. This study quantified temporal trends in stroke incidence, prevalence, premature mortality, and disability from 1990 to 2021. It also examined disparities in stroke-related disability by subtype, sex, and age in 2021 and projected rehabilitation demand to 2030 to inform health system planning under Vision 2030. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimates for Saudi Arabia. Age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) were extracted for overall stroke and three subtypes: ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Temporal trends were evaluated using log-linear regression to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). YLDs were mapped to severity levels and four rehabilitation modalities, physiotherapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), speech–language therapy (SLT), and multidisciplinary comprehensive rehabilitation (MCR), using utilization probabilities informed by the literature. Projections to 2030 incorporated national population forecasts and included 95% prediction intervals and sensitivity analyses. Results: From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized stroke incidence declined from 166.3 to 130.7 per 100,000 (−21.4%; AAPC, −0.86%, p = 0.004), prevalence from 982.4 to 965.2 per 100,000 (−1.8%; AAPC, −0.10%, p = 0.056), and YLL rates from 3209.0 to 1893.4 per 100,000 (−41.0%; AAPC, −1.76%, p < 0.001). In contrast, YLD rates declined modestly from 133.5 to 129.9 per 100,000 (−2.7%; AAPC, −0.13%; p = 0.032). Despite these reductions in age-standardized rates, absolute stroke-related YLDs more than tripled, increasing from approximately 10,900 (95% UI: 8100–13,900) in 1990 to 36,245 (95% UI: 26,600–46,100) in 2021, largely driven by population growth and aging. In 2021, ischemic stroke accounted for 71.1% of total YLDs, followed by ICH (20.3%) and SAH (8.5%). Among adults aged 15–49 years, females had higher hemorrhagic YLD rates than males, with particularly pronounced differences for SAH (female-to-male ratio, 1.5–1.7). By 2030, the projected YLD-equivalent workload, a standardized proxy measure of relative service demand rather than a direct headcount of required therapists, is expected to increase to 29,758 for PT, 21,809 for OT, 14,879 for SLT, and 15,083 for MCR. Sensitivity analyses showed that rehabilitation demand estimates were sensitive to assumptions regarding severity distribution, with a hemorrhagic-weighted scenario increasing projected MCR demand by 6.8%. Conclusions: The increasing absolute burden of stroke-related disability in Saudi Arabia, despite declining age-standardized rates and substantial reductions in premature mortality, highlights the necessity to expand rehabilitation capacity. Scaling community-based, outpatient, and telerehabilitation services in alignment with the Health Sector Transformation Program and integrating disability-informed planning into Vision 2030 should be prioritized. Full article

Nanoparticle-catalysed microwave-aided multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been demonstrated to be competent and environmentally benign tools for the quick synthesis of a wide spectrum of fused heterocyclic systems. The distinctive physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including a substantial surface area, readily modifiable surface functionality, and heightened catalytic activities, when coupled with microwave irradiation, have enabled a marked improvement in reaction rates, product yields, and selectivity compared to conventional heating methods. This review highlights recent advancements in microwave-assisted MCRs facilitated by diverse nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanocatalysts, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, mesoporous silica systems, and nanohybrids. It emphasises catalyst design, catalytic efficacy, scope, recyclability, and alignment with green chemistry principles in both solvent-free and aqueous environments, as well as the utilisation of recyclable catalysts. In summary, microwave-assisted multi-component reactions catalysed by nanoparticles are ecofriendly and versatile methods for the sustainable synthesis of such fused heterocycles containing bioactive pyridine, pyrazole, phenazine, pyrimidine, pyran, imidazole, and relevant pyridine derivatives, possessing potential in medicinal and material chemistry. Full article

Brucella anthropi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen characterized by intrinsic resistance to most $\beta$-lactams. However, the acquisition of carbapenem resistance in this species has rarely been documented in environmental, animal, or clinical settings. In this study, a multidrug-resistant strain, SBA01, was isolated from wastewater-irrigated soil. SBA01 exhibited phenotypic resistance to carbapenems and colistin, the latter being independent of mcr genes. Genomic analysis localized bla_IMP-1 on a stable 21 kb plasmid maintained by a Type II toxin–antitoxin system. While non-self-transmissible, this plasmid was mobilized to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae via an unclassified 50 kb helper plasmid. Additionally, a 217 kb prophage-bearing megaplasmid was identified, enhancing genomic plasticity. Genomic screening identified 32 putative virulence determinants, including markers associated with host interaction. Risk profiling indicated an elevated hazard index for SBA01, driven by the convergence of multidrug resistance, cryptic mobilization capacity, and opportunistic survival traits. These findings position B. anthropi as a resilient environmental reservoir for clinically relevant carbapenemases. Expanding surveillance frameworks to include such adaptive hosts is necessary to better evaluate potential occupational exposures at the wastewater–soil interface. Full article

This study employs bibliometric analysis, utilizing the visualization tools CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18, to systematically examine 8727 documents from the Web of Science Core Collection (2000–2024) related to “resilient cities” and “urban resilience.” It explores the evolution of resilient city research, current international trends, practical developments in China, and future directions. The study addresses key questions concerning the theoretical foundations of resilient cities, research advances in the security field, China’s implementation pathways, and emerging trends. Findings indicate that resilient city discourse has evolved from a narrow focus on engineering-based disaster prevention toward a multidimensional, socio-ecological–economic adaptive system. This progression can be divided into three phases: the theoretical foundation period (2000–2008), the technological integration period (2009–2018), and the complex crisis response period (2019–present). Internationally, practices are increasingly centered on climate change adaptation, supported by multi-level governance frameworks such as the MCR2030 initiative. China demonstrates a “dual-track” approach that combines policy-driven initiatives with localized innovations, advancing through international pilot projects, domestic policy experimentation, and grassroots exploration. The study also highlights differences between Chinese and Western research in perspectives, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks. Future resilient city development is expected to emphasize systematization, digitalization, and equity, leveraging technologies such as digital twins and artificial intelligence while fostering community participation and multi-scale collaborative governance. By systematically outlining the theoretical evolution and practical logic of resilient cities, this study offers insights for urban resilience building in developing countries and provides a methodological reference for enhancing resilience capabilities across different administrative levels. Full article

Against the backdrop of a gradual shift in the focus of cultural heritage (CH) conservation and utilization toward the integrated system formed by CH and its surrounding environment as well as regional systems, research on the coordinated protection of nature and culture to promote regional high-quality development has become a new trend. However, systematic summaries of the spatial–temporal distribution of CH in cross-regional typical geomorphic units at the river basin scale and their correlation with the natural environment remain insufficient. This study takes 387 Cultural Relics Protection Units in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River (the Three Gorges region) as the research objects, utilizing GIS spatial analysis technology to examine the impact of the natural environment on CH across different periods and types. The theory of time-depth is introduced to reveal the layering mechanisms and underlying cultural logics. Coupled with the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model, this study constructs a cultural corridor network and proposes spatial planning strategies. The findings are as follows: (1) The absolute core area for the distribution of CH across all periods remains the gentle slope zone near the river, characterized by elevations below 500 m, slopes within 25°, and distances from water systems within 1 km. However, the adaptive scope exhibits a diachronic evolution from core accumulation to peripheral expansion. (2) Different types of CH exhibited distinct natural adaptation strategies and vertical accumulation. Settlement Sites in the Before Qin Dynasty Period formed the foundational layer of survival rationality, while Ordinary Tombs in the Qin–Yuan Dynasty Period reinforced sedentism. Ancient Architecture in the Ming–Qing Dynasty Period underwent a transformation from “adapting to nature” to “reconstructing nature” as a product of environmental construction. Modern and Contemporary Significant Historical Sites and Representative Buildings in the After Qing Dynasty Period are characterized by a ruptured insertion on steep slopes, inscribing revolutionary memory onto space. The main stream of the Yangtze River serves as the core area of continuous deposition, while the extremely steep slopes form a distinctive stratigraphic accumulation of precipitous terrain. (3) Based on these distribution patterns, the study further proposes a spatial framework for CH called “One Corridor, Three Wings.” This framework uses the main stream of the Yangtze River as the spatial–temporal axis, linking the four core overlapping nodes of Fengjie, Wushan, Badong, and Xiling, supplemented by three secondary cultural clusters of the red heritage sites in southern Badong, the ancient town along the Daning River in Wushan, and the fortress sites in the Xiling–Yiling area. This research not only reveals the evolutionary path of CH in the Three Gorges region, but also provides a scientific basis for the systematic conservation and differentiated utilization of regional CH. Furthermore, it serves as a planning foundation and strategic reference for planning the Yangtze River National Cultural Park, as well as for the integrated preservation and utilization of river basin CH and linear CH with the aim of coordinated natural and cultural conservation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Plasmids are key vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), yet their contribution to the global resistome architecture of Escherichia coli remains poorly resolved. This study aimed to quantify how plasmid backbones shape the distribution, mobility, and stabilization of resistance genes across diverse phylogenetic backgrounds. Methods: We analyze 9700 high-quality genomes spanning major phylogroups and sequence types. Plasmidome reconstruction was integrated with lineage-resolved antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) mapping to characterize plasmid–ARG associations and evolutionary patterns. Results: Although most antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are chromosomal, plasmids disproportionately encode clinically important determinants including bla_NDM-5, mcr-1.1, and multiple bla_CTX-M alleles that show strong, recurrent associations with a restricted set of backbone families, most notably IncX3, IncX4, IncI, and IncF. These conserved plasmid–gene modules recur across phylogenetic backgrounds and continental scales. We identify a marked divergence in evolutionary strategies: generalist phylogroups (A, B1, D) maintain plasmid-rich and highly diverse resistomes, whereas globally dominant Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) clones such as ST131 and ST410 exhibit reduced plasmid dependency and frequent chromosomal integration of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, particularly bla_CTX-M-15, consistent with a shift toward vertically stabilized resistomes. By integrating plasmidome reconstruction with lineage-resolved ARG mapping, this study delivers the most extensive plasmid-focused resistome analysis to date, revealing highly modular plasmid–ARG networks structured around a small number of high-risk backbone types. These backbones account for the majority of globally relevant ARGs, including 64.6% of bla_NDM-5 and 76.4% of mcr-1.1 detections. Conclusions: Together, our findings establish plasmid lineages rather than individual genes or clones as central units of AMR dissemination and critical targets for future genomic surveillance and intervention strategies. Full article

The expansion of tropical specialty livestock farming raises urgent concerns about airborne pathogen and antibiotic resistance dissemination. Ostrich farming, characterized by high-density stocking and feed exposure, yet their microbial ecology remain poorly characterized. This study analyzed 48 bioaerosols samples from an ostrich farm in Hainan, China, across dry and rainy seasons using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics. The bacterial community were dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, followed by Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter as predominant genera, with particle size significantly shaping their structure. Large particles (>7.0 μm) carried higher species richness, while medium particles (2.1–3.3 μm) exhibited the highest diversity and evenness. Notably, small particles (0.65–1.1 μm), which can penetrate deep into the lungs, were enriched with Brevibacillus and Corynebacterium. Metagenomic analysis identified 638 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), dominated by efflux pump-associated determinants. The detection of clinically relevant ARGs (e.g., mcr-1 and bla_TEM) reflects the genetic potential of the airborne resistome, rather than confirmed resistance phenotypes or active horizontal gene transfer. Functional analysis revealed a strong potential for organic matter degradation, driven by abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and their corresponding CAZyme genes, as well as a nitrogen cycle dominated by assimilation and reduction pathways, while genes for nitrogen fixation and nitrification were absent. Our findings demonstrate that ostrich farming enhanced airborne microbial diversity and functional potential, facilitating the ARG dissemination and nitrogen transformation. This study provides critical insights into the ecological and health risks of bioaerosols in tropical livestock farms, informing environmental monitoring and risk management strategies. Full article

Methane (CH₄) emissions are regulated by the balance between CH₄ production and oxidation, which are mediated by methanogens and methanotrophs. Little is known about the key drivers of potential methane production (PMP) under different land use types in the Dongting Lake area. This study investigated four land use types (natural wetland, poplar plantation, rice cropland, and vegetable field) in the Dongting Lake area. The effects of land use types on (a) the abundances and community compositions of soil methanogens and methanotrophs and (b) soil potential methane production were investigated. The results showed that the soil potential methane production of the rice cropland (0.26 ± 0.02 µg g⁻¹ h⁻¹) and vegetable field (0.26 ± 0.01 µg g⁻¹ h⁻¹) was higher than that of the poplar plantation (0.16 ± 0.01 µg g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The compositions of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities varied in response to different land uses. The mcrA gene abundance in the rice cropland (0.84 ± 0.05 × 10⁸ copies/g) and vegetable fields (1.23 ± 0.15 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹) was higher than that in the natural wetland (0.09 ± 0.01 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹) and poplar plantation (0.08 ± 0.03 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹). The pmoA gene abundances in the rice cropland (1.65 ± 0.08 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹) and vegetable fields (1.88 ± 0.32 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹) were higher than those in the natural wetland (0.16 ± 0.02 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹) and poplar plantation (0.11 ± 0.03 × 10⁸ copies g⁻¹). In addition, both pmoA and mcrA gene abundances were positively correlated with potential methane production. However, the regression line between pmoA gene abundance and potential methane production showed a shallower slope than that between mcrA gene abundance and potential methane production. These results suggest that soil potential methane production was primarily driven by increased methanogenesis rather than reduced methane oxidation. In addition, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, water content, and pH were key abiotic factors regulating potential methane production and the abundance and community compositions of methanogens and methanotrophs in the Dongting Lake area. Full article

Background: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) co-harboring the mcr-1.1 gene and carbapenemase-encoding genes poses a severe threat to public health. Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) act as natural reservoirs and hotspots for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics of CRE carrying mcr-1.1 in urban WWTPs. Methods: Samples were collected from the influent of urban WWTPs in Fengxian, Shanghai, from April 2024 to March 2025. mcr-1.1-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were screened using real-time PCR, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined via the broth microdilution method. Plasmid conjugation assays were performed with E. coli C600 as the recipient strain. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out to analyze the molecular characteristics of mcr-1.1-positive E. coli isolates. Results: A total of 312 samples were collected, and 5 (1.6%) mcr-1.1-positive E. coli isolates were identified. All isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) but susceptible to tigecycline (TIG). WGS of strain EC0176 (sequence type 156 [ST156], enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC]) detected the presence of bla_NDM-5, bla_TEM-1, bla_CTX-M-55, and mcr-1.1 as well as related virulence genes. Further analysis revealed that pEC0176 was an IncHI2-type plasmid co-harboring mcr-1.1, bla_NDM-5, arr-3, aph(4)-Ia, aph(3′)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, and mph(A). The plasmid pEC0176 harbored similar backbones as p20014-MCR, p2017.03.02CC_1, pSC2017167-mcr-256k, pEC17CM13_MCR and pGDE043-mcr1, including the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and IncHI-type conjugal transfer genes. Conjugation experiments confirmed that pEC0176 could be horizontally transferred into E. coli C600, with an average transfer efficiency of 3.3 × 10⁻². Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MCR-1 protein of EC0176 is closely related to that of two human-derived E. coli strains from China (GenBank accession: AVR64822.1 and WP_076611062.1). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. coli ST156 carrying an IncHI2-type plasmid co-harboring mcr-1.1 and bla_NDM-5 from urban WWTPs in Fengxian, Shanghai. Our findings underscore the severe status of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and emphasize the necessity of enhancing antimicrobial resistance surveillance in urban WWTPs. Full article

Cronobacter spp. is a pathogenic genus comprising seven species, of which C. sakazakii is particularly notable for its association with neonatal outbreaks linked to powdered infant formula. The severity of infections is associated with virulence factors (VFs) and β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled precise strain typing through core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), enhancing discrimination and accuracy. This study aimed to use cgMLST (2831 genes) to genomically characterize 34 Cronobacter strains which had been isolated from powdered milk and production surfaces between 2011 and 2022. The identified strains included C. sakazakii ST1, ST4, ST13, ST31 and ST83, as well as C. malonaticus ST60. Overall, there were eight clusters of closely related strains. All strains exhibited resistance to cephalothin, 18 were resistant to ceftazidime and 11 to ampicillin. Various resistance genes (bla_CSA, bla_CMA, fos, qacJ, marA, AcrAB-TolC, and mcr-9.1) and virulence genes (cpa, nanAKT, fic, relB, fliC) were detected, with some genes being exclusive to C. sakazakii. All strains carried plasmids and mobile genetic elements. The multidrug resistance and presence of virulence genes in these isolates highlight the significant risk that C. sakazakii-contaminated powdered dairy products pose to public health, underscoring the need to adopt proper hygienic manufacturing practices and effectively implement HACCP in their production. Full article

Background/Objectives: Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic introduced in the mid-20th century, has regained clinical importance as a last-resort agent for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant pathogens has intensified colistin use, leading to a concerning rise in resistance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of colistin’s pharmacological characteristics, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, and current and emerging therapeutic strategies. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, encompassing studies on the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, clinical use, dosing, and resistance to colistin. Data on chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms, detection methodologies, epidemiological trends, and clinical outcomes were examined. In addition, evidence on colistin-based treatment strategies and novel non-antibiotic approaches was analyzed. Results: Colistin remains active against many MDR Gram-negative pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii; however, resistance is increasingly reported worldwide. Both chromosomally mediated modifications of lipid A and plasmid-mediated mcr genes contribute to resistance, with heteroresistance posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Carbapenem resistance has emerged as a major driver of colistin use and subsequent resistance selection. Combination therapies, inhaled formulations, and guideline-directed use may improve outcomes, while emerging alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, and CRISPR-based technologies show promise. Conclusions: The escalating prevalence of colistin resistance threatens the effectiveness of this critical last-line antibiotic. Optimized use, robust resistance surveillance, accurate detection methods, and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies are essential to preserve colistin’s clinical utility and address the growing burden of MDR Gram-negative infections. Full article

Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation in unknown indoor environments is challenged by incremental map revelation and non-uniform geometric changes, which frequently invalidate preplanned trajectories. Existing time-triggered replanning strategies are poorly aligned with such irregular environmental evolution, often resulting in either redundant computation or delayed responses to critical structural variations. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a map-change-driven closed-loop replanning mechanism (MCR) embedded within a distance-field-based hierarchical exploration–planning–control framework. The proposed approach explicitly monitors local Euclidean Signed Distance Field (ESDF) structural changes and exploration goal updates, triggering replanning only when significant geometric or task-level variations are detected. This event-driven design enables timely trajectory adaptation while effectively suppressing unnecessary replanning. Extensive experiments conducted in a high-fidelity indoor warehouse simulation environment demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms single-shot planning and fixed-interval replanning baselines in terms of task success rate, trajectory smoothness, safety margin, and replanning efficiency. These results validate the effectiveness of using map structural evolution as the core driver for replanning in unknown indoor UAV navigation. Full article

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are pivotal for 6G ubiquity, yet their open line-of-sight channels increase vulnerability to interception, posing new challenges for covert communication. This paper proposes a joint optimization scheme for multi-UAV relay-assisted covert communication system with the maximum channel capacity relay selection (MCRS) criterion. Distinct from conventional single-UAV approaches, this scheme uniquely couples UAV geometric positions with the time-varying characteristics of the wireless channels, exploiting spatial diversity from UAV relays to mitigate small-scale fading in dense urban environment, and jointly optimizes the transmit power and UAVs’ altitude. Specifically, we first designed an optimal relay selection strategy and derived analytical expressions for detection error and outage probabilities over altitude-dependent Nakagami-m fading channels. Furthermore, we maximized the effective covert rate by jointly optimizing the UAVs’ hovering altitude and adaptive transmit power of source and relays, subject to covert constraints. Extensive numerical results demonstrate a near-perfect match between the derived theoretical expressions and Monte Carlo simulations and validate the accuracy of our theoretical model. Compared against conventional single-UAV and multi-fixed-altitude UAV benchmark schemes, simulations demonstrate that the joint optimization scheme with relay selection proposed significantly enhances the covert performance of UAV-assisted communication systems. Full article

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli are a major One Health concern because they compromise critically important cephalosporins and may spread via mobile genetic elements, including plasmids and transposon-associated modules, within food-animal production systems. Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize cefotaxime (CTX)/clavulanic acid (CLA) inhibitor-positive phenotype profiles in pig-associated multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and resolve their genetic basis using whole-genome sequencing, with emphasis on ESBL determinants and their predicted mobility context. Methods: MDR E. coli isolates (n = 203) from four large-scale pig farms in Hungary were tested by broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) inhibitor-based ESBL confirmation using cefotaxime with/without clavulanic acid. CTX/CLA inhibitor-positive isolates (inhibitor-positive phenotype) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS; n = 116) and resistome profiling; antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were called against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and mobility context was inferred using plasmid-origin and MGE-proximity prediction. Results: Overall, 127/203 isolates (62.6%) showed a CTX/CLA inhibitor-positive phenotype with a pronounced inhibitory effect (median cefotaxime/cefotaxime–clavulanate ratio: 33.3). In the sequenced subset (n = 116), 5427 ARG hits were identified (82 unique ARGs in the export), including frequent acquired determinants affecting tetracyclines, sulfonamides/trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, and phenicols; plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrB5) and mobilizable colistin resistance (mcr-1) were detected at low frequency. Classical β-lactamase genes were detected, including CTX-M (ESBL genes) and TEM alleles. CTX-M and/or TEM were detected in 47/116 genomes (40.5%), dominated by CTX-M-32 (11.2%) and TEM-1 (23.3%); detected ESBL determinants were predominantly predicted to be located on contigs predicted to be of plasmid origin, with a subset showing signatures consistent with transposition-associated mobilization. Conclusion: The high burden of inhibitor-positive phenotype, together with an inferred plasmid-/MGE-associated context for a subset of ESBL genes, and substantial phenotype–genotype heterogeneity, supports integrated phenotypic–genomic surveillance to refine AMR risk assessment and guide targeted stewardship and biosecurity interventions in pig production. Full article