Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (40)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = lipid discs

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
29 pages, 2426 KiB  
Review
Transmembrane Protein 43: Molecular and Pathogenetic Implications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and Various Other Diseases
by Buyan-Ochir Orgil, Mekaea S. Spaulding, Harrison P. Smith, Zainab Baba, Neely R. Alberson, Enkhzul Batsaikhan, Jeffrey A. Towbin and Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146856 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43 or LUMA) encodes a highly conserved protein found in the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum membranes of many cell types and the intercalated discs and adherens junctions of cardiac myocytes. TMEM43 is involved in facilitating intra/extracellular signal transduction [...] Read more.
Transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43 or LUMA) encodes a highly conserved protein found in the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum membranes of many cell types and the intercalated discs and adherens junctions of cardiac myocytes. TMEM43 is involved in facilitating intra/extracellular signal transduction to the nucleus via the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex. Genetic mutations may result in reduced TMEM43 expression and altered TMEM43 protein cellular localization, resulting in impaired cell polarization, intracellular force transmission, and cell–cell connections. The p.S358L mutation causes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type-5 and is associated with increased absorption of lipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the mouse small intestine, which may promote fibro-fatty replacement of cardiac myocytes. Mutations (p.E85K and p.I91V) have been identified in patients with Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy-related myopathies. Other mutations also lead to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder-associated hearing loss and have a negative association with cancer progression and tumor cell survival. This review explores the pathogenesis of TMEM43 mutation-associated diseases in humans, highlighting animal and in vitro studies that describe the molecular details of disease processes and clinical, histologic, and molecular manifestations. Additionally, we discuss TMEM43 expression-related conditions and how each disease may progress to severe and life-threatening states. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5559 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Titanium Anodized Surfaces on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Healing Around Dental Abutments: In Vitro and Proteomic Study
by Francisco Romero-Gavilán, Andreia Cerqueira, Carlos Arias-Mainer, David Peñarrocha-Oltra, Claudia Salavert-Martínez, Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira, Iñaki García-Arnáez, Félix Elortza, Mariló Gurruchaga, Isabel Goñi and Julio Suay
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 7349; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137349 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 304
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different titanium (Ti) anodized surfaces on soft tissue healing around dental implant abutments. Methods: Discs of machined (MC), pink anodized (PA) and yellow anodized (YA) surfaces were morphologically characterized and evaluated in vitro. Cell [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different titanium (Ti) anodized surfaces on soft tissue healing around dental implant abutments. Methods: Discs of machined (MC), pink anodized (PA) and yellow anodized (YA) surfaces were morphologically characterized and evaluated in vitro. Cell adhesion and collagen synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were assessed to evaluate the regenerative potential of the surfaces under study. Their inflammatory potential was evaluated in THP-1 cell cultures by measuring cytokine secretion, and their proteomic adsorption patterns were characterized using nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Statistical significance was considered at 5%. In relation to proteomics, statistical differences were evaluated using the Student t-test with the Perseus application. Results: The anodization process resulted in a reduction in the surface roughness parameter (Ra) relative to the machined titanium (p < 0.05). No differences in hGF adhesion were found between the surfaces after one day. PA induced increased hGF collagen synthesis after 7 days (p < 0.05). The secretion of TNF-α was lower for anodized surfaces than for MC, and its concentration was lower for PA than for YA (p < 0.05). In turn, TGF-β was higher for PA and YA versus MC after one and three days of culture. A total of 176 distinct proteins were identified and 26 showed differences in adhesion between the anodized surfaces and MC. These differential proteins were related to coagulation, lipid metabolism, transport activity, plasminogen activation and a reduction in the immune response. Conclusions: Anodized Ti surfaces showed promising anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential for use in dental implant abutments. Anodization reduced surface roughness, increased collagen synthesis and lowered TNF-α secretion while increasing TGF-β levels compared to machined surfaces. Identified proteins related to coagulation and lipid metabolism supported these findings. Clinical relevance: Anodized surfaces could offer improved short-term peri-implant soft tissue healing over machined surfaces. The analysis of abutment surface, instead of implant surface, is a new approach that can provide valuable information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Advanced Therapies in Oral Health)
Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 8439 KiB  
Article
Elucidation of the Active Agents in a West African Ground Herbal Medicine Formulation That Elicit Antimalarial Activities in In Vitro and In Vivo Models
by Solomon Owumi, John O. Olanlokun, Bocheng Wu, Abiola Marian Duro-Ladipo, Sophia E. Oyelere, Shabana I. Khan and Adegboyega K. Oyelere
Molecules 2024, 29(23), 5658; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235658 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Agunmu (ground herbal medicine) is a form of West African traditional medicine consisting of a cocktail of herbs. The goal of this study is to evaluate a formulation of Agunmu made from M. indica, A. repens, E. chlorantha, A. boonei [...] Read more.
Agunmu (ground herbal medicine) is a form of West African traditional medicine consisting of a cocktail of herbs. The goal of this study is to evaluate a formulation of Agunmu made from M. indica, A. repens, E. chlorantha, A. boonei, and B. ferruginea, sold in the open market and commonly used for the treatment of malaria by the locals, for its antimalarial effects and to determine the active principles that may contribute to the antimalarial effect. The ethanolic extract obtained from this formulation (Ag-Iba) was analyzed, using TLC, LC-MS, and Tandem-MS techniques, to determine its phytochemical properties. The extract was tested in vitro against representative bacteria strains, cancer and normal human cell lines, and susceptible (D6) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum. In subsequent in vivo experiments, graded doses of the extract were used to treat mice infected with chloroquine-susceptible (NK-65) and chloroquine-resistant (ANKA) strains of Plasmodium berghei. Bacteria growth was monitored with a disc diffusion assay, cancer cell viability was determined with MTS assay, and percentage parasitemia and parasite clearance were determined by microscopy. Bound heme content, host mitochondria permeability transition (mPT) pore opening, F0F1-ATPase, and lipid peroxidation were determined via spectrophotometry. Indices of oxidative stress, anti-oxidant activities, toxicity, cell death, and inflammatory responses were obtained using biochemical and ELISA techniques. The histology of the liver and spleen was performed using the standard method. We elucidated the structures of the critical active principles in the extract to be flavonoids: kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and their glycosides with little or no detectable levels of the toxic Aristolochic acids that are found in Aristolochia repens, one of the components of the formulation. The extract also showed anti-plasmodial activity in in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, the extract dose-dependently decreased mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and inflammatory and oxidative damage but increased antioxidant potentials. Presumably, the active principles in the extract work as a combinatorial therapy to elicit potent antimalarial activity. Overall, our study unraveled the active components from a commercial herbal formulation that could be reformulated for antimalarial therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinal Chemistry)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 4192 KiB  
Review
Exosome-Laden Hydrogels as Promising Carriers for Oral and Bone Tissue Engineering: Insight into Cell-Free Drug Delivery
by Cassandra Villani, Prasathkumar Murugan and Anne George
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11092; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011092 - 15 Oct 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3916
Abstract
Mineralization is a key biological process that is required for the development and repair of tissues such as teeth, bone and cartilage. Exosomes (Exo) are a subset of extracellular vesicles (~50–150 nm) that are secreted by cells and contain genetic material, proteins, lipids, [...] Read more.
Mineralization is a key biological process that is required for the development and repair of tissues such as teeth, bone and cartilage. Exosomes (Exo) are a subset of extracellular vesicles (~50–150 nm) that are secreted by cells and contain genetic material, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological substances that have been extensively researched for bone and oral tissue regeneration. However, Exo-free biomaterials or exosome treatments exhibit poor bioavailability and lack controlled release mechanisms at the target site during tissue regeneration. By encapsulating the Exos into biomaterials like hydrogels, these disadvantages can be mitigated. Several tissue engineering approaches, such as those for wound healing processes in diabetes mellitus, treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage degeneration, repair of intervertebral disc degeneration, and cardiovascular diseases, etc., have been exploited to deliver exosomes containing a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic cargos to target tissues. Despite the significant efficacy of Exo-laden hydrogels, their use in mineralized tissues, such as oral and bone tissue, is very sparse. This review aims to explore and summarize the literature related to the therapeutic potential of hydrogel-encapsulated exosomes for bone and oral tissue engineering and provides insight and practical procedures for the development of future clinical techniques. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2645 KiB  
Article
An Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Efficient Multistep Blood Sample Preparation and Clean-Up towards Small Ion-Molecule Analysis
by Yuting Hou, Rohit Mishra, Yufeng Zhao, Jens Ducrée and Jed D. Harrison
Micromachines 2023, 14(12), 2257; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122257 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2435
Abstract
Sample preparation for mass spectroscopy typically involves several liquid and solid phase clean-ups, extractions, and other unit operations, which are labour-intensive and error-prone. We demonstrate a centrifugal microfluidic platform that automates the whole blood sample’s preparation and clean-up by combining traditional liquid-phase and [...] Read more.
Sample preparation for mass spectroscopy typically involves several liquid and solid phase clean-ups, extractions, and other unit operations, which are labour-intensive and error-prone. We demonstrate a centrifugal microfluidic platform that automates the whole blood sample’s preparation and clean-up by combining traditional liquid-phase and multiple solid-phase extractions for applications in mass spectroscopy (MS)-based small molecule detection. Liquid phase extraction was performed using methanol to precipitate proteins in plasma separated from a blood sample under centrifugal force. The preloaded solid phase composed of C18 beads then removed lipids with a combination of silica particles, which further cleaned up any remaining proteins. We further integrated the application of this sample prep disc with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS by using glancing angle deposition films, which further cleaned up the processed sample by segregating the electrolyte background from the sample salts. Additionally, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) MS was employed for detecting targeted free amino acids. Therefore, several representative ionic metabolites, including several amino acids and organic acids from blood samples, were analysed by both MALDI-MS and HILIC-MS to demonstrate the performance of this sample preparation disc. The fully automated blood sample preparation procedure only took 35 mins, with a throughput of three parallel units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B:Biology and Biomedicine)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 32336 KiB  
Article
Self-Assembly of Lipid Molecules under Shear Flows: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
by Huan Zhang, Fan Pan and Shiben Li
Biomolecules 2023, 13(9), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13091359 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2239
Abstract
The self-assembly of lipid molecules in aqueous solution under shear flows was investigated using the dissipative particle dynamics simulation method. Three cases were considered: zero shear flow, weak shear flow and strong shear flow. Various self-assembled structures, such as double layers, perforated double [...] Read more.
The self-assembly of lipid molecules in aqueous solution under shear flows was investigated using the dissipative particle dynamics simulation method. Three cases were considered: zero shear flow, weak shear flow and strong shear flow. Various self-assembled structures, such as double layers, perforated double layers, hierarchical discs, micelles, and vesicles, were observed. The self-assembly behavior was investigated in equilibrium by constructing phase diagrams based on chain lengths. Results showed the remarkable influence of chain length, shear flow and solution concentration on the self-assembly process. Furthermore, the self-assembly behavior of lipid molecules was analyzed using the system energy, particle number and shape factor during the dynamic processes, where the self-assembly pathways were observed and analyzed for the typical structures. The results enhance our understanding of biomacromolecule self-assembly in a solution and hold the potential for applications in biomedicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Lipids)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant, Volatile Compounds; Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Dermatoprotective Properties of Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti Ex Carriere Essential Oil: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations
by Naoufal El Hachlafi, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli, Mohamed Jeddi, Emad M. Abdallah, Nesrine Benkhaira, Hanine Hadni, Hamza Assaggaf, Ahmed Qasem, Khang Wen Goh, Ammar AL-Farga, Abdelhakim Bouyahya and Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5913; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155913 - 6 Aug 2023
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4408
Abstract
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriere is an endemic tree possessing valuable health benefits which has been widely used since time immemorial in international traditional pharmacopoeia. The aim of this exploratory investigation is to determine the volatile compounds of C. atlantica essential oils [...] Read more.
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriere is an endemic tree possessing valuable health benefits which has been widely used since time immemorial in international traditional pharmacopoeia. The aim of this exploratory investigation is to determine the volatile compounds of C. atlantica essential oils (CAEOs) and to examine their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and dermatoprotective properties. In silico simulations, including molecular docking and pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and drug-likeness prediction were used to reveal the processes underlying in vitro biological properties. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used for the chemical screening of CAEO. The antioxidant activity of CAEO was investigated using four in vitro complementary techniques, including ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activity, ferric reductive power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (β-carotene test). Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition and tyrosinase inhibitory assays were used for testing the anti-inflammatory and dermatoprotective properties. GC-MS analysis indicated that the main components of CAEO are β-himachalene (28.99%), α-himachalene (14.43%), and longifolene (12.2%). An in vitro antimicrobial activity of CAEO was examined against eleven strains of Gram-positive bacteria (three strains), Gram-negative bacteria (four strains), and fungi (four strains). The results demonstrated high antibacterial and antifungal activity against ten of them (>15 mm zone of inhibition) using the disc-diffusion assay. The microdilution test showed that the lowest values of MIC and MBC were recorded with the Gram-positive bacteria in particular, which ranged from 0.0625 to 0.25 % v/v for MIC and from 0.5 to 0.125 % v/v for MBC. The MIC and MFC of the fungal strains ranged from 0.5 to 4.0% (MIC) and 0.5 to 8.0% v/v (MFC). According to the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios, CAEO has bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The results of the in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that CAEO possesses remarkable antioxidant activity. The inhibitory effects on 5-LOX and tyrosinase enzymes was also significant (p < 0.05). ADMET investigation suggests that the main compounds of CAEO possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties. These findings provide scientific validation of the traditional uses of this plant and suggest its potential application as natural drugs. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus L. Leaf Extracts on the Bacterial Antioxidant System and Cell Membrane Integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325
by Sheeba Sawant, Timothy C. Baldwin, Oliwia Metryka and Ayesha Rahman
Pathogens 2023, 12(6), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060853 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3672
Abstract
Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties, which can be exploited to develop new antimicrobial therapeutics. The current study investigated the effect of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extracts on the catalase activity, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytoplasmic membrane [...] Read more.
Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties, which can be exploited to develop new antimicrobial therapeutics. The current study investigated the effect of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extracts on the catalase activity, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytoplasmic membrane permeability, and efflux pump activity in S. aureus NCTC8325 and P. aeruginosa PA01. As the enzyme catalase protects bacteria against oxidative stress, disruption of its activity creates an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently oxidizes lipid chains, leading to lipid peroxidation. In addition, bacterial cell membranes are a potential target for new antibacterial agents, as efflux pump systems play a crucial role in antimicrobial resistance. Upon exposure of the microorganisms to Indian borage leaf extracts, the observed catalase activity decreased by 60% and 20% in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The generation of ROS can cause oxidation reactions to occur within the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. To investigate these phenomena, the increase in ROS activity in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was studied using H2DCFDA, which is oxidized to 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by ROS. Furthermore, the concentration of lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) was assessed using the Thiobarbituric acid assay and was shown to increase by 42.4% and 42.5% in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The effect of the extracts on the cell membrane permeability was monitored using diSC3-5 dye and it was observed that the cell membrane permeability of P. aeruginosa increased by 58% and of S. aureus by 83%. The effect on efflux pump activity was investigated using Rhodamine-6-uptake assay, which displayed a decrease in efflux activity of 25.5% in P. aeruginosa and 24.2% in S. aureus after treatment with the extracts. This combination of different methods to study various bacterial virulence factors provides a more robust, mechanistic understanding of the effect of P. amboinicus extracts on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. This study thus represents the first report of the assessment of the effect of Indian borage leaf extracts on bacterial antioxidant systems and bacterial cell membranes, and can facilitate the future development of bacterial resistance modifying agents derived from P. amboinicus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Treatment of Biofilm Infections)
Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 5631 KiB  
Article
Structural Impact of Selected Retinoids on Model Photoreceptor Membranes
by Szymon Radzin, Anna Wiśniewska-Becker, Michał Markiewicz, Sebastian Bętkowski, Justyna Furso, Joanna Waresiak, Jarosław Grolik, Tadeusz Sarna and Anna M. Pawlak
Membranes 2023, 13(6), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060575 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
Photoreceptor membranes have a unique lipid composition. They contain a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids including the most unsaturated fatty acid in nature, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), and are enriched in phosphatidylethanolamines. The phospholipid composition and cholesterol content of the subcellular components of [...] Read more.
Photoreceptor membranes have a unique lipid composition. They contain a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids including the most unsaturated fatty acid in nature, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), and are enriched in phosphatidylethanolamines. The phospholipid composition and cholesterol content of the subcellular components of photoreceptor outer segments enables to divide photoreceptor membranes into three types: plasma membranes, young disc membranes, and old disc membranes. A high degree of lipid unsaturation, extended exposure to intensive irradiation, and high respiratory demands make these membranes sensitive to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, all-trans retinal (AtRAL), which is a photoreactive product of visual pigment bleaching, accumulates transiently inside these membranes, where its concentration may reach a phototoxic level. An elevated concentration of AtRAL leads to accelerated formation and accumulation of bisretinoid condensation products such as A2E or AtRAL dimers. However, a possible structural impact of these retinoids on the photoreceptor-membrane properties has not yet been studied. In this work we focused just on this aspect. The changes induced by retinoids, although noticeable, seem not to be significant enough to be physiologically relevant. This is, however, an positive conclusion because it can be assumed that accumulation of AtRAL in photoreceptor membranes will not affect the transduction of visual signals and will not disturb the interaction of proteins engaged in this process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Models of Biological Membranes)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 509 KiB  
Article
Chemical Composition of the Cinnamomum malabatrum Leaf Essential Oil and Analysis of Its Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activities
by Aswathi Moothakoottil Kuttithodi, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty, Naduvilthara U. Visakh, Joice Tom Job, Berin Pathrose, Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji, Ahmed Alfarhan and Varsha Ramesh
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050940 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3449
Abstract
Cinnamomum species are a group of plants belonging to the Lauraceae family. These plants are predominantly used as spices in various food preparations and other culinary purposes. Furthermore, these plants are attributed to having cosmetic and pharmacological potential. Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burm. f.) J. [...] Read more.
Cinnamomum species are a group of plants belonging to the Lauraceae family. These plants are predominantly used as spices in various food preparations and other culinary purposes. Furthermore, these plants are attributed to having cosmetic and pharmacological potential. Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burm. f.) J. Presl is an underexplored plant in the Cinnamomum genus. The present study evaluated the chemical composition by a GC-MS analysis and antioxidant properties of the essential oil from C. malabatrum (CMEO). Further, the pharmacological effects were determined as radical quenching, enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activity. The results of the GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 38.26 % of linalool and 12.43% of caryophyllene in the essential oil. Furthermore, the benzyl benzoate (9.60%), eugenol (8.75%), cinnamaldehyde (7.01%) and humulene (5.32%) were also present in the essential oil. The antioxidant activity was indicated by radical quenching properties, ferric-reducing potential and lipid peroxidation inhibition ex vivo. Further, the enzyme-inhibitory potential was confirmed against the enzymes involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. The results also indicated the antibacterial activity of these essential oils against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration analysis revealed a higher antibacterial potential for C. malabatrum essential oil. Overall, the results identified the predominant chemical compounds of C. malabatrum essential oil and its biological and pharmacological effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils Impact on the Microbiological and Oxidative Stability of Sarshir (Kaymak)
by Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi, Aliakbar Gholamhosseinpour and Francisco J. Barba
Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4206; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104206 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil, REO (one, two and three percent) on the microbiological and oxidative stability of Sarshir during 20 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C). Initially, the chemical composition (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS), antimicrobial (paper [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil, REO (one, two and three percent) on the microbiological and oxidative stability of Sarshir during 20 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C). Initially, the chemical composition (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS), antimicrobial (paper disc diffusion) and antioxidant (DPPH) properties of REO were evaluated. Then, the microbial safety, oxidative stability (peroxide and anisidine values) and overall acceptability of the product after addition of REO to Sarshir and the subsequent storage period were determined. According to GC/MS analysis, the major components of REO were α-pinene (24.6%), 1,8-cineole (14.1%), camphor (13.5%), camphene (8.1%) and limonene (6.1%), respectively. Moreover, it was also found that Limosilactobacillus fermentum (inhibition zone (IZ) of 23.5 mm) and Salmonella Typhi (IZ of 16.4 mm) were the most sensitive and resistant spoilage and pathogenic bacteria against REO, respectively. In addition, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the REO was measured at 24.8 mg/mL, while the IC50 value of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was 16.6 mg/mL. The highest and lowest bacterial populations were detected in the control and the sample containing 3% REO, respectively. The control had the highest extent of lipid oxidation, while the lowest peroxide and anisidine values were measured in Sarshir containing 3% REO. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 5173 KiB  
Article
Addition of Resolvins D1 or E1 to Collagen Membranes Mitigates Their Resorption in Diabetic Rats
by Michal Almogy, Ofer Moses, Nathan Schiffmann, Evgeny Weinberg, Carlos E. Nemcovsky and Miron Weinreb
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050283 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1781
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by aberrant inflammatory reactions and increased collagenolysis. We have reported that it accelerates the degradation of implanted collagen membranes (CM), thus compromising their function in regenerative procedures. In recent years, a group of physiological anti-inflammatory agents called specialized pro-resolving [...] Read more.
Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by aberrant inflammatory reactions and increased collagenolysis. We have reported that it accelerates the degradation of implanted collagen membranes (CM), thus compromising their function in regenerative procedures. In recent years, a group of physiological anti-inflammatory agents called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been tested as a treatment for various inflammatory conditions, either systemically or locally, via medical devices. Yet, no study has tested their effect on the fate of the biodegradable material itself. Here, we measured the in vitro release over time of 100 or 800 ng resolvin D1 (RvD1) incorporated into CM discs. In vivo, diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin, while buffer-injected (normoglycemic) rats served as controls. Resolvins (100 or 800 ng of RvD1 or RvE1) were added to biotin-labeled CM discs, which were implanted sub-periosteally over the calvaria of rats. Membrane thickness, density, and uniformity were determined by quantitative histology after 3 weeks. In vitro, significant amounts of RvD1 were released over 1–8 days, depending on the amount loaded. In vivo, CMs from diabetic animals were thinner, more porous, and more variable in thickness and density. The addition of RvD1 or RvE1 improved their regularity, increased their density, and reduced their invasion by the host tissue significantly. We conclude that addition of resolvins to biodegradable medical devices can protect them from excessive degradation in systemic conditions characterized by high degree of collagenolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Oral Reconstructive Treatment)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2857 KiB  
Article
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) Reduces Alkali-Induced Corneal Inflammation and Neovascularization and Upregulates a Repair Transcriptome
by Jiucheng He, Thang L. Pham, Azucena H. Kakazu, Abhilash Ponnath, Khanh V. Do and Haydee E. P. Bazan
Biomolecules 2023, 13(5), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13050831 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3224
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of the bioactive lipid mediator LXA4 on a rat model of severe corneal alkali injury. Methods: To induce a corneal alkali injury in the right eyes of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. They were injured with [...] Read more.
Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of the bioactive lipid mediator LXA4 on a rat model of severe corneal alkali injury. Methods: To induce a corneal alkali injury in the right eyes of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. They were injured with a Φ 4 mm filter paper disc soaked in 1 N NaOH placed on the center of the cornea. After injury, the rats were treated topically with LXA4 (65 ng/20 μL) or vehicle three times a day for 14 days. Corneal opacity, neovascularization (NV), and hyphema were recorded and evaluated in a blind manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and genes involved in cornel repair were assayed by RNA sequencing and capillary Western blot. Cornea cell infiltration and monocytes isolated from the blood were analyzed by immunofluorescence and by flow cytometry. Results: Topical treatment with LXA4 for two weeks significantly reduced corneal opacity, NV, and hyphema compared to the vehicle treatment. RNA-seq and Western blot results showed that LXA4 decreased the gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and pro-angiogenic mediators matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA). It also induces genes involved in keratinization and ErbB signaling and downregulates immune pathways to stimulate wound healing. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed significantly less infiltration of neutrophils in the corneas treated with LXA4 compared to vehicle treatment. It also revealed that LXA4 treatment increases the proportion of type 2 macrophages (M2) compared to M1 in blood-isolated monocytes. Conclusions: LXA4 decreases corneal inflammation and NV induced by a strong alkali burn. Its mechanism of action includes inhibition of inflammatory leukocyte infiltration, reduction in cytokine release, suppression of angiogenic factors, and promotion of corneal repair gene expression and macrophage polarization in blood from alkali burn corneas. LXA4 has potential as a therapeutic candidate for severe corneal chemical injuries. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 1989 KiB  
Review
Pentosan Polysulfate Affords Pleotropic Protection to Multiple Cells and Tissues
by Margaret M. Smith and James Melrose
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(3), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030437 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7619
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a small semi-synthetic highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS)-like molecule, shares many of the interactive properties of HS. The aim of this review was to outline the potential of PPS as an interventional therapeutic protective agent in physiological processes affecting pathological [...] Read more.
Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a small semi-synthetic highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS)-like molecule, shares many of the interactive properties of HS. The aim of this review was to outline the potential of PPS as an interventional therapeutic protective agent in physiological processes affecting pathological tissues. PPS is a multifunctional molecule with diverse therapeutic actions against many disease processes. PPS has been used for decades in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and painful bowel disease, it has tissue-protective properties as a protease inhibitor in cartilage, tendon and IVD, and it has been used as a cell-directive component in bioscaffolds in tissue engineering applications. PPS regulates complement activation, coagulation, fibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia, and it promotes the synthesis of hyaluronan. Nerve growth factor production in osteocytes is inhibited by PPS, reducing bone pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (OA/RA). PPS also removes fatty compounds from lipid-engorged subchondral blood vessels in OA/RA cartilage, reducing joint pain. PPS regulates cytokine and inflammatory mediator production and is also an anti-tumor agent that promotes the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the development of progenitor cell lineages that have proven to be useful in strategies designed to effect repair of the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) and OA cartilage. PPS stimulates proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1, and stimulates hyaluronan production by synoviocytes. PPS is thus a multifunctional tissue-protective molecule of potential therapeutic application for a diverse range of disease processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biopharmaceuticals)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1794 KiB  
Review
The Potential Roles of Ferroptosis in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases—Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives
by Yunxiang Hu, Yufei Wang, Sanmao Liu and Hong Wang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062125 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4097
Abstract
Ferroptosis is different from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis, mainly involving iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis plays an important role in various disease, such as malignant tumors, neuron-degenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and has become [...] Read more.
Ferroptosis is different from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis, mainly involving iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis plays an important role in various disease, such as malignant tumors, neuron-degenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and has become the focus of current research. Both iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation contribute to the occurrence, development, and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteosarcoma, intervertebral disc degeneration, and spinal cord injury. For a better understanding of the potential roles ferroptosis may play in pathophysiology and treatment of common musculoskeletal disorders, this article briefly reviewed the relationship and possible mechanisms. Through an investigation of ferroptosis’ role in musculoskeletal diseases’ occurrence, development, and treatment, ferroptosis could offer new opportunities for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop