Search Results (3,771)

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HER-2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate, and BCR-free survival in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2019, 44 patients with pathologically confirmed localized PCa who underwent RP were included in this study. According to the expressed level of HER-2 protein, patients were divided into four cohorts: cohort-1 (HER-2 0), cohort-2 (HER-2 1+ or 2+), cohort-3 (HER-2 0 or 1+), and cohort-4 (HER-2 2+); the clinicopathological and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared between cohort-1 and cohort-2, and cohort-3 and cohort-4, respectively. Univariable and multivariable COX regression models and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to determine the association between HER-2 expression and clinicopathological outcomes, including Gleason score (GS), pathological T (pT) stage, positive surgical margins (PSM), and BCR-free survival, respectively. Results: The median follow-up time was 43 months (IQR 35–49). Among the 44 patients, 20 (45.5%) exhibited HER-2 immuno-reactivity, including 14 (31.8%) with HER-2 1+, 6 (13.64%) with HER-2 2+, and 0 (0%) with HER-2 3+ staining. The proportion of patients with PSM was significantly lower in the HER-2 0 group than in those with HER-2 1+ or 2+ (25.0% vs. 65.0%, p = 0.008). Multivariable logistics regression models revealed that HER-2 1+ or 2+ was an independent risk factor that was strongly associated with a higher proportion of PSM (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.62–11.71, p = 0.042). A total of 18 (40.9%) patients experienced BCR after surgery, including 6 (25%) in cohort-1 and 12 (60.0%) in cohort-2 (p = 0.019), as well as 13 (34.2%) in cohort-3 and 5 (83.3%) in cohort-4 (p = 0.023). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients in cohort-1 (HER-2 0) had significantly longer BCR-free survival than those in cohort-2 (HER-2 1+ or 2+) (p < 0.001), and those in cohort-3 had longer BCR-free survival than those in cohort-4 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with PSM showed significantly shorter BCR-free survival compared to those with patients with negative surgical margins (NSM) (p = 0.005). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that HER-2 1+, 2+ (HR, 17.00; 95% CI, 1.38–210.22, p < 0.001), HER-2 2+ (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.23–3.25, p = 0.004), and PSM (HR, 6.12; 95% CI, 3.08–11.72, p = 0.007) were all significant independent predictors of BCR following surgery. Conclusions: HER-2 expression is a common phenomenon in PCa; nearly half of the proportion of localized PCa had HER-2 1+ or 2+, but the cases that expressed HER-2 3+ were rare. Cases with HER-2 1+ or 2+ were more likely to develop BCR compared with HER-2 0. The HER-2 1+ or 2+ expression was closely associated with a higher incidence of PSM and was an independent predictor of shorter BCR-free survival in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Full article

Background & Objectives: Current guidelines recognize a subgroup of favorable intermediate-risk (FIR) ISUP grade group (GG) 2 prostate cancer (PCa) that may be eligible for active surveillance (AS). However, upgrading and upstaging to more aggressive disease are frequently observed. We aimed to identify risk factors for adverse pathology in this cohort to better define clinical scenarios where AS may need to be reconsidered. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 170 patients diagnosed with ISUP GG2 PCa by multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)/TRUS fusion biopsy, all treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients with FIR disease were evaluated for upstaging to ≥pT3 or upgrading to ISUP GG of ≥3 at RP. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of adverse pathology. Key Findings and Limitations: Among 170 FIR patients, median PSA was 5.6 ng/mL. Most had PI-RADS 4 (57%) or 5 (20%) lesions; 13% were diagnosed by systematic biopsy only. At RP, 28% showed adverse pathology, including 5 patients (2.9%) with lymph node metastases. Independent predictors were a PI-RADS Score of ≥4, PSA of >7 ng/mL, and clinical T-stage on digital rectal examination. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Nearly 1/3 of FIR PCa patients were upstaged to high-risk PCa at RP. Based on these findings, AS in clinical practice should only be considered after thorough patient counseling and performed using a stringent follow-up and staging regimen to minimize the risk of further disease progression. A key limitation is the lack of the percentage of Gleason pattern 4. Full article

Background/Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction stabilizes the knee and treats associated lesions. Control of rotational laxity can be optimized by an extra-articular plasty, historically known as the Lemaire plasty or tenodesis at the fascia lata. The risk of iterative rupture is reduced, by stabilising anterior translation and tibial internal rotation. In the literature, many different technical details are described, for example regarding the position and the method of femoral fixation. Although these parameters are fundamental to achieving graft isometry and avoiding overconstraint, no consensus or standardized recommendations have yet been established. The aim of the study was to summarize the position of fixation of a lateral tenodesis to the fascia lata, the degrees of flexion and rotation during fixation, its mode of fixation and its passage in relation to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Methods: In April 2024, a systematic review was conducted by two independent authors to identify studies describing lateral tenodesis with fascia lata with details about femoral fixation position, method of fixation, the graft’s passage relative to the lateral collateral ligament and flexion/rotation during fixation. From 111 records initially identified, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most authors described passing the graft beneath the LCL to achieve controlled anisometry. The preferred femoral fixation point was proximal and posterior to the lateral epicondyle, with fixation performed at approximately 30° of flexion and neutral tibial rotation. Various fixation methods have been reported, including staples, screws, cortical buttons, and anchors, but no biomechanical evidence demonstrated the superiority of one technique over another. Conclusions: Lateral tenodesis at the fascia lata is a well-established adjunct to ACL reconstruction, providing additional control of rotational laxity. While consistent trends are emerging regarding graft passage and femoral fixation landmarks, technical heterogeneity persists, and no definitive guidelines currently exist. Standardization of these parameters through high-level clinical and biomechanical studies is warranted to optimize outcomes and reduce variability in surgical practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is an interventional technique frequently applied to manage pain associated with sympathetic dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes and tolerability of SGB in patients with different pain phenotypes. Methods: From 1 January 2024 through 1 March 2025, 96 patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided SGB at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess functional status, the SF-36 was applied to evaluate health-related quality of life, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was employed to measure pain intensity. This study included baseline measurements and follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores across all pain groups (p < 0.001). The largest median VAS reductions were observed in the migraine (4.0 [3.5–5.0]) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (3.7 [3.0–4.5]) groups, both exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Patients with neuropathic and nociceptive pain showed smaller median reductions (3.4 [2.8–4.0] and 3.0 [2.5–3.8], respectively). The highest proportion of responders (≥50% VAS reduction) was noted in the migraine group (64.3%), while the lowest occurred in the nociceptive group (37.5%). Multivariate analysis identified pain phenotype as the only independent predictor of favorable outcomes, particularly in migraine and CRPS. Minor transient complications occurred in 9.4% of patients, all resolving spontaneously. Conclusions: SGB was well tolerated and associated with significant pain reduction and functional improvement. The observed clinical benefits may reflect mechanisms involving both peripheral and central sympathetic modulation. Larger multicenter prospective studies with extended follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings. Full article

In a two-year study (2023–2024), field experiments were conducted at a location where onion fly (Delia antiqua [Meigen]) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) are permanent pests. The objective of the study was to investigate independent and combined application (synergistic effect) of environmentally acceptable methods (biological and biotechnical control methods) of controlling these pests on onions. Seven treatments were tested, including a positive control (chemical control) and a negative control (untreated plots), as well as various combinations of environmentally friendly approaches, such as entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, white clover intercropping, and colored sticky boards with lures. The onion fly caused greater damage and subsequent bulb loss than the onion thrips in both years, despite white clover (as independent application) as an intercrop, and the combined application of white clover and entomopathogens proved to be most effective against thrips and fly damage, ultimately resulting in a suboptimal onion yield of less than 7 tons per hectare annually. It is evident that environmentally acceptable control methods were experiencing challenges in either reducing the extent of damage caused by both pests or increasing the yield of healthy bulbs. It is unfortunate that, despite observing an increased yield of healthy bulbs in certain treatments, a significant quantity of bulbs was also lost due to onion fly. Full article

Background/Objectives: Guibi-tang (GBT) and its variant Kami-guibi-tang (KGBT) are traditional East Asian multi-herb formulas prescribed for memory loss, insomnia, and fatigue. Preclinical data suggest multimodal neuroprotective actions, including cholinergic signaling modulation and activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway; however, clinical evidence for cognitive disorders remains scattered. This scoping review aimed to map the breadth, design characteristics, efficacy signals, and safety profile of GBT and KGBT across the full spectrum of cognitive impairment. Methods: Following the Arksey–O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, seven databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, ScienceON, Scopus, Citation Information by the National Institute of Informatics) from inception to 31 January 2025, for human studies evaluating GBT or KGBT in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Two reviewers independently screened, extracted, and charted data on study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, and adverse events. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria—nine randomized controlled trials, one crossover trial, and five observational reports—enrolling 555 participants (age range, 59–87 years). All were conducted in the Republic of Korea, Japan, or China. GBT or KGBT, given as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for 4 weeks to 9 months, produced modest but consistent improvements in global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination/Montreal Cognitive Assessment), memory domains, activities of daily living, and neuropsychiatric symptoms across MCI, Alzheimer’s disease, and PSCI cohorts. Reported adverse event rates were comparable to or lower than those of placebo, usual care, or conventional drugs, and no serious treatment-related toxicity was identified. Conclusions: Current evidence—although limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous formulations, short follow-up durations, and regional concentration—indicates that GBT and KGBT are well tolerated and confer clinically meaningful cognitive and functional benefits. Standardized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trials with biomarker end points are warranted to confirm long-term efficacy, clarify mechanisms, and guide integrative clinical use. Full article

Background. Cancer treatment-related cognitive impairment (CTRCI) is a frequent and persistent consequence of systemic cancer therapy, adversely affecting quality of life and independence among cancer survivors. Methods. To clarify the relative effectiveness of available treatments, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials evaluating psychological, pharmacological, and other interventions for established CTRCI in adult survivors of non-central nervous system cancers. Eligible trials reported objective outcomes in one or more of eight cognitive domains, including learning, memory, processing speed, word generation, cognitive flexibility, attention, working memory, and abstraction. Results. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria, with 14 trials (n = 1100) contributing to network meta-analyses of immediate post-intervention effects across seven domains. A therapist-guided group intervention combining patient education and cognitive rehabilitation consistently ranked highest and was associated with significantly improved learning, memory, processing speed, attention, and working memory compared with a waitlist control, although the certainty of evidence (CoE) was low to very low and largely based on a single trial. Mindfulness-based interventions were also associated with improved processing speed (low CoE). Donepezil was associated with no benefit versus placebo for any domain. Conclusions. While findings suggest that structured multimodal group interventions may represent the most promising strategy for CTRCI, CoE was low, and additional rigorous, standardized trials are required. Full article

Background/Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis synthesizes current evidence on the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions in enhancing gross motor function, balance, and functional independence in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A systematic search was performed across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to July 2025. Primary outcomes included gross motor function (GMFM-D/E), balance (Pediatric Balance Scale, PBS), and functional independence (WeeFIM). Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. Results: From 1233 retrieved records, 13 RCTs involving 624 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses demonstrated significant improvements with non-immersive VR in gross motor function (GMFM-D: ES = 2.04, p = 0.02; GMFM-E: ES = 2.02, p < 0.001), balance (PBS: ES = 1.34, p = 0.02), and functional independence (WeeFIM: ES = 0.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Non-immersive VR interventions were associated with meaningful gains in gross motor function, balance, and independence in children with CP. Significant differences were consistently observed in GMFM-D, GMFM-E, PBS, and WeeFIM outcomes when compared with control groups. Full article

Background/Objectives: History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a strong risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We sought to examine the association between perceived risk of developing T2D and relevant health behaviors in this population. Methods: We analyzed self-reported survey items and objective electronic health record data of participants in the Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND) Study, a multisite randomized control trial testing the effectiveness of shared decision-making for women with elevated body mass index (BMI), prediabetes and history of GDM. Data on demographics, health behaviors, and perceived T2D risk were self-reported. We ran four regression models to study the association between women’s perceived risk of developing T2D and four key health behaviors: (1) physical activity, (2) consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, (3) consumption of ultra-processed foods, and (4) consumption of meals prepared outside the home. All models were adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, income, HbA1c, BMI, family history of T2D, and study arm. Results: Our sample included 242 women who on average were 41 years old (±6 years) with BMI of 32.7 (±6.9 kg/m²). Perceived risk of developing T2D was not significantly associated with physical activity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, ultra-processed food consumption, or meals prepared outside of the home. Higher BMI was significantly associated with increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10), but not other health behaviors. Conclusions: We found perceived risk of developing T2D was not independently associated with four key health behaviors. Women with GDM are at high risk of developing T2D and may benefit from tailored or more intensive strategies promoting health behavior changes shown to lower T2D risk. Full article

Background/Objectives: Prediabetes markedly increases the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. While exercise and dietary polyphenols independently enhance metabolic health, their combined and synergistic effects remain unclear. This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the synergistic effects of concurrent training and a microencapsulated persimmon–karonda polyphenol formulation on glycemic control and inflammatory outcomes in adults with prediabetes and who are overweight/obese. Methods: Forty-three participants completed the intervention and were assigned to placebo, concurrent training (CBT), supplementation (EATME), or the combined intervention (CBT + EATME) for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, physical fitness, and quality of life (QoL). Results: All intervention groups (CBT, EATME, and CBT + EATME) showed improvements in glycemic indices, with the greatest reductions in FBG (p < 0.01), HbA1c (p < 0.05), and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) observed in the CBT + EATME group compared with placebo. All interventions significantly reduced hs-CRP (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.01), accompanied by marked increases in adiponectin (p < 0.01), compared with placebo. In the CBT + EATME group, reductions in hs-CRP were positively correlated with improvements in HOMA-IR (r = 0.627, p < 0.05). Both CBT and CBT + EATME improved muscular strength and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O₂max), with the combined intervention producing greater gains in upper- and lower-body strength (p < 0.05), V̇O₂max (p < 0.05), and the psychological well-being domain of QoL (p < 0.05) compared with placebo. Conclusions: These findings highlight that combining concurrent training with microencapsulated polyphenol supplementation produced the most consistent improvements across metabolic, inflammatory, and fitness outcomes, supporting this combined approach as an integrated and synergistic strategy to reduce diabetes risk and promote overall health in at-risk adults. The trial was registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20250512003). Full article

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present a kyphosis measurement method based on quadratic spline fitting through three key vertebral landmarks: T12, T8 and T4. This approach aims to capture thoracic spine curvature more continuously and accurately than traditional methods such as the Cobb angle and circle fitting. Methods: A dataset of 560 lateral thoracic spine radiographs was retrospectively analyzed, including cases of postural kyphosis, Scheuermann’s disease, osteoporosis-induced kyphosis and ankylosing spondylitis. Two trained raters independently performed three repeated landmark annotations per image. The kyphosis angle was computed using two methods: (1) a quadratic spline fitted through the three landmarks, with the angle derived from tangent vectors at T12 and T4; and (2) a least-squares circle fit with the angle subtended between T12 and T4. Agreement with reference Cobb angles was evaluated using Pearson correlation, MAE, RMSE, ROC analysis and Bland–Altman plots. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Both methods showed excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.967). The spline method achieved lower MAE (5.81°), lower RMSE (8.94°) and smaller bias compared to the circle method. Both methods showed strong correlation with Cobb angles (r ≥ 0.851) and excellent classification performance (AUC > 0.950). Conclusions: Spline-based kyphosis measurement is accurate, reliable and particularly robust in cases with severe spinal deformity. Significance: This method supports automated, reproducible kyphosis assessment and may enhance clinical evaluation of spinal curvature using artificial intelligence-driven image analysis. Full article

Background and Objectives: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a widely accepted method for long-term enteral nutrition, but procedure-related complications and early mortality remain major concerns. Nutritional and inflammatory indices such as serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) may provide prognostic value, yet comparative data in PEG cohorts are limited. This study aimed to identify predictors of complications and 90-day mortality after PEG and to compare the prognostic performance of nutritional indices. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of 122 consecutive adult patients undergoing PEG between January and December 2024 was analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected, including albumin, CRP, PNI, and NRS-2002. Complications were categorized as early (≤30 days) or late (>30 days), and all-cause mortality was assessed at 30 and 90 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of complications and 90-day mortality. To address multicollinearity, albumin, PNI, and NRS-2002 were separately tested in adjusted models, with model performance assessed by AIC, BIC, Nagelkerke R², and C-index. Results: Early complications occurred in 4.9% and late complications in 8.2% of patients, for a total complication rate of 13.1%. Thirty-day mortality was 4.1%, 90-day mortality 17.2%, and total in-hospital mortality during the study year 30.3%. Neuromuscular indication was independently associated with increased risk of complications (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2–20.0, p = 0.028) but reduced 90-day mortality (aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.80, p = 0.025). Lower baseline albumin independently predicted higher 90-day mortality (aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.99, p = 0.034). Elevated CRP demonstrated a borderline association with mortality (p = 0.051), while NRS-2002 ≥5 and Δ-PNI showed borderline trends toward increased mortality risk. In model comparison, none of the nutritional indices achieved independent statistical significance, but all demonstrated similar performance (AIC = 114, C-index 0.72–0.74). Conclusions: PEG outcomes are strongly influenced by baseline indication and nutritional–inflammatory status. Neuromuscular patients and patients with dysphagia face higher complication risk but lower short-term mortality, while hypoalbuminemia, elevated CRP, and high NRS-2002 or declining PNI identify patients at greater risk of death. Systematic integration of albumin, CRP, PNI, and NRS-2002 may improve risk stratification and management in PEG candidates. Full article

Background/Objectives: Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as a critical global health threat across human, animal, and environmental domains, evidence from AMR economic evaluations remains limited. This study systematically reviewed available studies, emphasizing existing evidence and reported limitations in AMR-related economic evaluations. Methods: A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed empirical studies was conducted, including publications up to July 2023 without temporal restrictions, but limited to English-language articles. Literature searches were undertaken in PubMed and Cochrane using a search strategy centered on the terms “economic evaluations” and “antimicrobial resistance.” Screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently, with disagreements resolved through consensus or consultation with a third reviewer. Findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Of the 3682 records screened, 93 studies were included. Evidence gaps were identified across income and geographic regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the African, Southeast Asian, and Eastern Mediterranean regions. Studies were comparatively more numerous in high-income countries (HICs) and the European and Americas regions. Substantial gaps also existed in one health approach and community-based evaluations. Nine major study limitations were identified, with many interlinked. The most frequent issues included limited generalizability primarily due to inadequate sampling approaches (n = 16), and single-center studies (n = 11), alongside errors in cost estimation (n = 4), and lack of consideration for essential features or information (n = 3). Conclusions: The review highlights persistent evidence gaps and recurring methodological shortcomings in AMR economic evaluations. Addressing these limitations, particularly in LMICs, will strengthen the evidence base and better inform policy implementation to combat AMR effectively. Full article

Objectives: To establish normative data for anterior segment parameters in healthy pediatric and adult populations using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and to evaluate the influence of age and sex on these parameters. Methods: This retrospective study included the right eyes of 390 healthy participants. Subjects were divided into three age groups: Group 1 (6–17 years, n = 97), Group 2 (18–45 years, n = 144), and Group 3 (46–77 years, n = 149). All patients were categorized according to their biological sex as female and male. Exclusion criteria were corneal pathology, prior intraocular/refractive surgery, recent contact lens use, severe dry eye, ectatic disorders, low-quality imaging, and refractive error of ±2.0 D or greater. Measurements of anterior and posterior keratometry, total corneal power (TCP), central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), pupil diameter (PD), lens thickness (LT), and white-to-white distance (WTW) were obtained using the Anterion^® SS-OCT system. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Group 1 demonstrated the highest PD and CCT values, whereas LT was lowest. In adults, LT increased with age and was significantly higher in males older than 45 years. Keratometric analysis revealed greater anterior and total steep astigmatism in the pediatric group, independent of sex. Adult females had significantly higher anterior and posterior keratometry values compared with males. In the pediatric cohort, females exhibited greater CCT, while WTW varied with age. PD decreased with age, whereas LT increased. Conclusions: Anterior segment parameters measured with SS-OCT show significant variations across different age groups and between sexes. Normative data, particularly for pediatric and adult populations, may serve as valuable reference values in keratorefractive surgical planning and corneal pathology assessment. Future studies with larger cohorts, especially in pediatric populations, are warranted. Full article

Background/Objectives: Psychiatric morbidity is frequent in oncology, yet prevalence and correlates differ across tumour sites. Urogenital cancers, in particular, involve psychosocial stressors related to sexuality, fertility, continence, and body image, which may intensify anxiety and depression. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of psychiatric morbidity among psychiatry-assessed oncology inpatients in a real-world hospital setting to compare urogenital with non-urogenital malignancies and to examine clinical correlates and hospitalisation outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 174 oncology inpatients who were evaluated by liaison psychiatry and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during admission to a tertiary hospital in Galați, Romania, between 2019 and 2022. All patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and underwent liaison psychiatry evaluation. Mixed anxiety–depressive disorder (ICD-10 F41.2) was the primary psychiatric outcome. Demographic, clinical, and functional data—including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status—were extracted from medical records. Comparative and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of severe depressive symptoms (primary outcome, HADS-D ≥ 11) and to explore associations with length of stay and costs. Results: Overall, 59% of patients had elevated HADS-Anxiety and 62% elevated HADS-Depression, while 40% received a psychiatric diagnosis. Mixed anxiety–depressive disorder predominated, especially in cervical (95%), bladder (100%), and prostate (≈70–75%) cancers. Urogenital cancers showed significantly higher rates of anxiety/depression than non-urogenital cancers (85% vs. 46%, p < 0.01). Poorer ECOG status independently predicted severe depressive symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.2, p < 0.001). Psychiatric morbidity was associated with a trend toward longer LOS (median 12 vs. 9 days, p ≈ 0.08) and ≈10% higher hospital costs. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression were highly frequent among psychiatry-assessed oncology inpatients, particularly in urogenital malignancies. Functional impairment strongly correlates with psychiatric morbidity. These findings underscore the need for systematic screening and risk-stratified psycho-oncologic interventions to improve patient outcomes and resource utilisation. Full article