Search Results (114)

CO₂ flooding technology has been established as a key technique that is both economically viable and environmentally sustainable, achieving enhanced oil recovery (EOR) while advancing CCUS objectives. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing CO₂ flooding well patterns in tight oil reservoirs through a geological–engineering integrated approach. A semi-analytical model incorporating startup pressure gradients and miscible/immiscible two-phase flow was developed to dynamically adjust injection intensity. An effective driving coefficient model considering reservoir heterogeneity and fracture orientation was proposed to determine well pattern boundaries. Field data from Blocks A and B were used to validate the models, with the results indicating optimal injection intensities of 0.39 t/d/m and 0.63 t/d/m, respectively. Numerical simulations confirmed that inverted five-spot patterns with well spacings of 240 m (Block A) and 260 m (Block B) achieved the highest incremental oil production (3621.6 t/well and 4213.1 t/well) while reducing the gas channeling risk by 35–47%. The proposed methodology provides a robust framework for enhancing recovery efficiency in low-permeability reservoirs under varying geological conditions. Full article

The Cuyu gold deposit in central Jilin Province in Northeast China is located in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), as well as the eastern segment of the Xing’an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB). Gold ore-bodies are controlled by NW-trending faults and mainly occur in late Hercynian granodiorite. The mineralization process in the Cuyu deposit can be divided into three stages: quartz + coarse grained arsenopyrite + pyrite (stage I), quartz + sericite + pyrite + arsenopyrite + electrum + chalcopyrite + sphalerite (stage II), and quartz + calcite ± pyrite (stage III). Stage II is the most important for gold mineralization. We conducted analyses including petrography, microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions, and H–O–S–Pb isotopic analysis to elucidate the mineralization processes in the Cuyu deposit. Five types of primary fluid inclusions (FIs) are present in the hydrothermal quartz and calcite grains of the ore: liquid-rich two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions (L-type), vapor-rich two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions (V-type), CO₂-bearing two- or three-phase inclusions (C1-type), CO₂-rich two- or three-phase inclusions (C2-type), and pure CO₂ mono-phase inclusions (C3-type). From stages I to III, the fluid inclusion assemblages changed from L-, C2-, and C3-types to L-, V-, C1-, C2-, and C3-types and, finally, to L-types only. The corresponding homogenization temperatures for stages I to III were 242–326 °C, 202–298 °C, and 106–188 °C, and the salinities were 4.69–9.73, 1.63–7.30, and 1.39–3.53 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. The ore-forming fluid system evolved from a NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ ± CH₄ ± H₂S fluid system in stage I and II with immiscible characteristics to a homogeneous NaC-H₂O fluid system in stage III. Microthermometric data for stages I to III show a decreasing trend in homogenization temperatures and salinities. The mineral assemblages, fluid inclusions, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes indicate that the initial ore-forming fluids of stage I were exsolved from diorite porphyrite and characterized by a high temperature and low salinity. The addition of meteoric water in large quantities led to decreases in temperature and pressure, resulting in a NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ ± CH₄ ± H₂S fluid system with significant immiscibility in stage II, facilitating the deposition of gold and associated polymetallic sulfides. The Cuyu gold deposit has a similar ore genesis to those of gold deposits in the Jiapigou–Haigou gold belt (JHGB) of southeastern Jilin Province indicating potential for gold prospecting in the northwest-trending seam of the JHGB. Full article

The Hammam–Zriba F–Ba (Zn–Pb) stratabound deposit is located within the Zaghouan Fluorite Province (ZFP), which is the most important mineral sub-province in NE Tunisia, with several CaF₂ deposits occurring mainly along the Zaghouan Fault and corresponding to an F-rich MVT mineral system developed along the unconformity surface between the uppermost Jurassic limestones and the late Cretaceous layers. Petrographic analysis, microthermometry, and Raman spectroscopy applied to fluid inclusions in fluorite revealed various types of inclusions containing brines, oil, CO₂, and CH₄ along with solid phases such as evenkite, graphite, kerogen and bitumen. Microthermometric data indicate homogenization temperatures ranging from 85 °C to 145 ± 5 °C and salinities of 13–22 wt.% NaCl equivalent. This study supports a model of heterogeneous trapping, where saline basinal brines, oil, and gases were simultaneously trapped within fluorite, which indicates fluid immiscibility. The Raman analysis identified previously undetected organic compounds, including the first documented occurrence of evenkite, a mineral hydrocarbon, co-genetically trapped with graphite. The identification of evenkite and graphite in fluid inclusions offers new insights into the composition of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids within the MVT deposits in Tunisia, contributing to an understanding of the mineralogical characteristics of these deposits. The identified hydrocarbons correspond to three oil families. Family I (aliphatic compounds) is attributed to the lower-Eocene Bou-Dabbous Formation, family II (aromatic compounds) is attributed to the Albian Fahdene Formation and the Cenomanian–Turonian Bahloul Formation, and family III is considered as a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds generated by the three sources. The presence of graphite in fluid inclusions could suggest the involvement of a thermal effect from deep-seated sources through the reservoir to the site of fluorite precipitation. These findings suggest that the fluorite mineral system might have been linked with the interaction of multi-reservoir fluids, potentially linked to the neighboring petroleum system in northeastern Tunisia during the Miocene. This study aims to investigate the composition of fluid inclusions in fluorite from the Hammam–Zriba F–Ba (Zn–Pb) deposit, with a particular focus on the plausible sources of hydrocarbons and their implications for the genetic relationship between the mineralizing system and petroleum reservoirs. Full article

To understand the fluid evolution of Permian pegmatites, three pegmatite fields of the Austroalpine basement units located in the Rappold Complex at St. Radegund, the Millstatt Complex, and the Polinik Complex were investigated. To achieve this goal, fluid inclusions trapped in the magmatic accessories of garnet, tourmaline, spodumene, and beryl were studied using host mineral chemistry combined with fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectrometry. Taking into account the previous work by the authors on pegmatite fields in the Koralpe and Texel Mountains, Permian fluid was determined to have evolved from two stages: Stage 1 is characterized by the homogeneous entrapment of two cogenetic immiscible fluid assemblages, a CO₂-N₂ ± CH₄-rich and a low-saline H₂O-rich fluid. Both fluids are restricted to inclusions in the early-magmatic-garnet-core domains of the Koralpe Mountains. Stage 2 is linked with the CO₂-N₂-CH₄-H₂O-NaCl-CaCl₂ ± MgCl₂ fluid preserved as an inclusion in all the pegmatite accessories of the KWNS. It represents the mechanical mixture of the stage 1 fluid caused by compositional changes along the solvus, which is typical for a hydrothermal vein environment process. Increasing X_CH4±N2 proportions from the eastern toward the western pegmatite fields of the KWNS results in a tectonic model that includes magmatic redox-controlled fluid flow along deep crustal normal faults during the anatexis of metasediments in Permian asymmetric graben structures. Because of a high number of solids within the inclusions as well as their irregular shapes, post-entrapment modifications have caused density changes that have to be considered with caution. However, the conditions in the range of 6–8 kbar at >670 °C for stage 1 and ca. 4 kbar at <670 °C for stage 2 represent the best approximations to explain the uprise of a two-stage Permian fluid associated with accessory mineral crystallization in close relation to fractionating melt. Full article

CO₂ flooding technology for tight oil reservoirs not only effectively addresses the challenge of low recovery rates, but also facilitates geological CO₂ sequestration, thereby achieving the dual objective of enhanced CO₂ utilization and secure storage. However, in the development of continental sedimentary tight oil reservoirs, the high content of heavy hydrocarbons in crude oil leads to an elevated minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) between crude oil and CO₂, thereby limiting the process to non-miscible flooding. Conventional physical and chemical methods, although effective in reducing MMP, are often associated with high costs, environmental concerns, and limited efficacy. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach utilizing petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (PHDB) to biodegrade heavy hydrocarbons in crude oil. This method alters the composition of crude oil, thereby lowering the MMP during CO₂ flooding, facilitating the transition from non-miscible to miscible flooding, and enhancing oil recovery. Results demonstrated that, after 7 days of cultivation, the selected PHDB achieved a degradation efficiency of 56.4% in crude oil, significantly reducing the heavy hydrocarbon content. The relative content of light-saturated hydrocarbons increased by 15.6%, and the carbon atom molar percentage in crude oil decreased from C8 to C6. Following the biodegradation process, the MMP of the lightened crude oil was reduced by 20.9%. Core flood experiments indicated that CO₂ flooding enhanced by PHDB improved oil recovery by 17.7% compared to conventional CO₂ flooding. This research provides a novel technical approach for the green and cost-effective development of tight oil reservoirs with CO₂ immiscible flooding. Full article

CO₂-enhanced tight oil production can increase crude oil recovery while part of the injected CO₂ is geologically sequestered. This process is influenced by factors such as gas injection rate, oil/gas viscosity ratio, and contact angle. Understanding how these factors affect recovery during CO₂ non-mixed-phase substitution is essential for improving CO₂-enhanced tight oil production technology. In this study, three-dimensional pore structure was numerically simulated using physical simulation software. The effects of three key parameters—the gas injection rate, contact angle and viscosity slope—on flow displacement during a CO₂ non-mixed-phase drive were analyzed. In addition, the study compares the fluid transport behavior under mixed-phase and non-mixed-phase conditions at the pore scale. The simulation results show that increasing the replacement velocity significantly expands the diffusion range of CO₂ and reduces the capillary fingering phenomenon. In addition, the saturation of CO₂ increases with the increase in the viscosity ratio, which further improves the diffusion range of CO₂. The wetting angle is not simply linearly related to the drive recovery, and the recovery is closely related to the interfacial tension and capillary force under the influence of wettability. The recoveries under mixed-phase conditions were slightly higher than those under unmixed-phase conditions. During the mixed-phase replacement process, CO₂ is dissolved into the crude oil, resulting in oil volume expansion, which improves the distance and extent of CO₂ permeation. Full article

The Jiaojia gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, located in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province in eastern China, has a gold reserve of over 300 t. Gold mineralization in Jiaojia deposit occurred in three stages: (1) The Pyrite–Quartz–Sericite Stage (Stage I) developed primary minerals that included quartz, sericite, and a small amount of anhedral pyrite, appearing as disseminations within milky quartz and foliated sericite. (2) The Quartz–Pyrite Stage (Stage II) developed quartz that appears smoky gray and pyrite that appears with a euhedral cubic morphology, with crystal faces oriented in a longitudinal pattern. Native gold occurs as fracture filling in pyrite. (3) The Quartz–Polymetallic Sulfides Stage (Stage III) developed polymetallic sulfides, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and magnetite. Native gold filled the pyrite fractures and was enclosed within the pyrite. (4) The Quartz–Carbonate Stage (Stage IV) developed the main minerals of quartz and carbonate, with scattered occurrences of pyrite. In situ geochemical analysis of pyrite, the main gold-carrying mineral from mineralization Stages I to III in the Jiaojia gold deposit, was conducted, including major element, trace element, and sulfur isotope analyses. The δ³⁴S values of Jiaojia pyrite range from 4.5 to 8.0‰. Pyrite in Stage I (Py I) has δ³⁴S values ranging from 4.5 to 7.4‰, with an average of 6.4‰. Pyrite in the Stage II (Py II) has δ³⁴S values ranging from 5.9 to 8.0‰, with an average of 6.8‰. Pyrite in Stage III (Py III) has δ³⁴S values ranging from 6.4 to 7.9‰, with an average of 7.4‰. Combined with the C-D-O-He isotopes, the ore-forming fluids of the Jiaojia gold deposit likely originated from subducted oceanic plate-related metasomatized mantle. The Co/Ni ratios of Jiaojia pyrite range from 0.50 to 1.47 in Stage I, 0.27 to 1.69 in Stage II, and 0.58 to 295 in Stage III. The Cu/Au ratios in the Jiaojia pyrite in all mineralization stages were >1. These geochemical features imply that the ore-forming fluids of the Jiaojia gold deposit were in a medium- to low-temperature reducing environment, with temperatures gradually decreasing from ore Stages I to III. The increase in Co and As in the pyrite of Stage III implies that gold precipitation resulted from fluid immiscibility caused by a decrease in pressure and temperature and an increase in the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluid. Full article

It is possible to formulate an immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow in porous media in a mathematical framework resembling thermodynamics based on the Jaynes generalization of statistical mechanics. We review this approach and discuss the meaning of the emergent variables that appear, agiture, flow derivative, and flow pressure, which are conjugate to the configurational entropy, the saturation, and the porosity, respectively. We conjecture that the agiture, the temperature-like variable, is directly related to the pressure gradient. This has as a consequence that the configurational entropy, a measure of how the fluids are distributed within the porous media and the accompanying velocity field, and the differential mobility of the fluids are related. We also develop elements of another version of the thermodynamics-like formalism where fractional flow rather than saturation is the control variable, since this is typically the natural control variable in experiments. Full article

The Langcun W-Mo deposit, located in the Zhejiang Province of South China, is a medium-sized porphyry deposit. The ore bodies mainly occur in aplite, granite porphyry, and the contact zone with hornfels of the Nanhua System. Four stages of mineralization are recognized in the Langcun deposit, including the quartz–K-feldspar stage (stage I), quartz–sericite–molybdenite stage (stage II), quartz–chlorite–pyrite stage (stage III), and calcite stage (stage IV). Stages I and II are the main ore-forming stages for wolframite and molybdenite. The petrographic and microthermometric results show that four types of fluid inclusions exist in the Langcun W-Mo deposit, including two-phase liquid-rich fluid inclusions (type LV), three-phase CO₂-rich fluid inclusions (type LC), pure CO₂ fluid inclusions (type C), vapor H₂O inclusions (type V), and multi-phase inclusions with daughter minerals (type LDV). In stage I, the fluid inclusion assemblage is LDV + LV + V, and the LDV and LV fluid inclusions have similar homogenization temperatures (281–387 °C), indicating a boiling fluid inclusions association. In stage II, the fluid inclusion assemblage is LC + C, indicating immiscibility between CO₂ and aqueous fluids. The homogenization temperatures of type LC are in the range of 228–342 °C, and the salinities are in the range of 2.77–5.14 wt.% NaCl equiv. The fluid inclusions in stages III and IV are type LV, with homogenization temperatures in the ranges of 224–275 °C and 200–225 °C, respectively, and salinities in the ranges of 1.74 to 4.96 wt.% NaCl equiv and 1.06 to 3.39 wt.% NaCl equiv, respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic results indicate that the ore-forming fluids mainly come from magmatic water in the early stage and may have received an input of meteoric water in the late stage, which results in the decrease in the temperature and salinity of ore-forming fluid. Early W-Mo precipitation was induced by CO₂ escape because of decompression, and fluid mixing resulted in Mo precipitation in the later stage. Full article

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) have been widely used as common characterization methods of pore-throat. It is generally believed that there is a power function relationship between transverse relaxation time (T₂) and pore-throat radius (r), but the segmentation process of the pore-throat interval is subjective, which affects the conversion accuracy. In this paper, ordered clustering is used to improve the existing segmentation method of the pore-throat interval, eliminate the subjectivity in the segmentation process, and obtain a more accurate distribution curve of the pore-throat. For the three kinds of cores with ordinary-low permeability (K > 1 mD), ultra-low permeability (0.1 mD < K < 1 mD), and super-low permeability (K < 0.1 mD), the pore-throat distribution curves of the cores were obtained by using the improved T₂ conversion method. Then, the oil and gas two-phase displacement experiment was carried out to investigate the degree of recovery and cumulative gas–oil ratio changes during the displacement process. Finally, the converted T₂ spectrum was used to quantify the utilization of different pore sizes. The improved T₂ conversion method not only has better accuracy but also is not limited by the pore-throat distribution types (such as unimodal, bimodal, and multi-modal, etc.) and is suitable for any core with measured HPMI pore-throat distribution and an NMR T₂ spectrum. Combined with the results of core displacement and the degree of pore-throat utilization, it is found that the potential of miscible flooding to improve the recovery degree is in the order of ordinary-low permeability core (18–22%), ultra-low permeability core (25–29%), and super-low permeability core (8–12%). The utilization degree of immiscible flooding to the <10 nm pore-throat is low (up to 35%), while miscible flooding can effectively use the <3.7 nm pore-throat (up to 73%). The development effect of supercritical CO₂ flooding on K < 0.1 mD reservoirs is not good, the seepage resistance of CO₂ is large, the miscible flooding makes it difficult to improve the recovery degree, and the utilization effect of pore-throat is poor. Full article

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a biodegradable biopolymer from the PHAs family that has potential to replace conventional plastics and reduce plastic pollution. However, PHBV has thermo-sealability issues, making it challenging to use for bags. Blending it with polycaprolactone (PCL) could address this but may alter the barrier properties of the films, affecting their effectiveness as food packaging material. This study examined the properties and heat-sealing capacity of PHBV/PCL blend films (ratios: 60/40, 50/50, and 40/60), obtained by melt blending and compression moulding. Both polymers are immiscible and were in separated phases; the continuous phase was PHBV in the 60/40 blend and PCL in the 40/60 blend, while the 50/50 sample exhibited interpenetrating bicontinuous phases of both polymers. The permeability to water vapour, oxygen, and D-limonene increased as the PCL content rose, especially when it formed the continuous phase in the matrix. The elastic modulus and resistance to break decreased, while extensibility increased, more markedly when PCL was the continuous phase. However, the continuity of PCL phase provided the films with better thermal adhesion and seal strength. The 50/50 blend showed the best balance between heat sealability and barrier properties, making it the most suitable for food packaging in sealed bags. Full article

The Batailing Au deposit is a vein-type deposit in central Jilin Province, situated in the southern sector of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range within the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. NE-trending fault-controlled orebodies occur in the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation and quartz diorite–porphyrite. The mineralisation process was delineated into three stages: (I) quartz–arsenopyrite–pyrite, (II) quartz–polymetallic sulphides (main Au mineralisation stage), and (III) quartz–pyrite–carbonate. Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz were identified as four types: PC-type (pure CO₂), C₁-type (CO₂-bearing), C₂-type (CO₂-rich), and W-type (aqueous two-phase). Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the vapor components of the FIs predominantly comprised CO₂ with minor quantities of CH₄ in stages I–II. Stages I and II encompassed four types of FIs with homogenisation temperature ranging from 264 to 332 °C and 213 to 292 °C and salinity spanning from 4.7 to 11.2 wt% and 1.8 to 11.6 wt%, respectively. Stage III exclusively contained W-type FIs with homogenisation temperature ranging from 152 to 215 °C and salinity spanning from 1.4 to 6.4 wt%. H-O isotopic values (δD = −84 to −79.6‰, δ¹⁸O_H2O = 6.2 to 6.4‰ in stage I and δD = −96.4 to −90.4‰, δ¹⁸O_H2O = 2.8 to 4.4‰ in stage II) and microthermometric data indicated that the ore-forming fluids are initially from a magmatic source, with later meteoric water input. Low C isotopic data from CO₂ in FIs in quartz (−24.4 to −24.3‰ in stage I and −23.7 to −22.6‰ in stage II) indicated an organic carbon source. Ore precipitation is mainly attributable to fluid immiscibility. S-Pb isotopic data (δ³⁴S = −3.5 to −1.6‰; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.325–18.362, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.523–5.562, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.064–38.221) revealed that ore metals primarily originated from magma. Based on this research, the origin of the Batailing Au deposit is of the mesothermal magmatic–hydrothermal lode type. Full article

Heterogeneous microstructures in Cu-Mo-W alloy thin films formed by magnetron co-sputtering immiscible elements with concentrated compositions are characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and nanoindentation. In this work, we modified the phase separated structure of a Cu-Mo immiscible system by adding W, which impedes surface diffusion during film growth. The heterogeneous microstructures in the Cu-Mo-W ternary system exhibited bicontinuous matrices and agglomerates composed of Mo(W)-rich phase. This is unique, as these are the slower-diffusing species, contrasting past reports of binary Cu-Mo thin films that exhibited Cu-rich agglomerates. The bicontinuous matrices comprised of Cu-rich and Mo(W)-rich phases exhibited bilayer thicknesses of less than 5 nm. The hardness of these thin films measured using nanoindentation is reported and compared to similar multilayers and nanocomposites in binary systems. Full article

Miniaturization promotes the efficiency and exploration domain in scientific fields such as computer science, engineering, medicine, and biotechnology. In particular, the field of microfluidics is a flourishing technology, which deals with the manipulation of small volumes of liquid. Dispersed droplets or bubbles in a second immiscible liquid are of great interest for screening applications or chemical and biochemical reactions. However, since very small dimensions are characterized by phenomena that differ from those at macroscopic scales, a deep understanding of physics is crucial for effective device design. Due to small volumes in miniaturized systems, common measurement techniques are not applicable as they exceed the dimensions of the device by a multitude. Hence, image analysis is commonly chosen as a method to understand ongoing phenomena. Artificial Intelligence is now the state of the art for recognizing patterns in images or analyzing datasets that are too large for humans to handle. X-ray-based Computer Tomography adds a third dimension to images, which results in more information, but ultimately, also in more complex image analysis. In this work, we present the application of the U-Net neural network to extract certain states during droplet formation in a capillary, which forms a constantly repeated process that is captured on tens of thousands of CT images. The experimental setup features a co-flow setup that is based on 3D-printed capillaries with two different cross-sections with an inner diameter, respectively edge length of 1.6 mm. For droplet formation, water was dispersed in silicon oil. The classification into different droplet states allows for 3D reconstruction and a time-resolved 3D analysis of the present phenomena. The original U-Net was modified to process input images of a size of 688 × 432 pixels while the structure of the encoder and decoder path feature 23 convolutional layers. The U-Net consists of four max pooling layers and four upsampling layers. The training was performed on 90% and validated on 10% of a dataset containing 492 images showing different states of droplet formation. A mean Intersection over Union of 0.732 was achieved for a training of 50 epochs, which is considered a good performance. The presented U-Net needs 120 ms per image to process 60,000 images to categorize emerging droplets into 24 states at 905 angles. Once the model is trained sufficiently, it provides accurate segmentation for various flow conditions. The selected images are used for 3D reconstruction enabling the 2D and 3D quantification of emerging droplets in capillaries that feature circular and square cross-sections. By applying this method, a temporal resolution of 25–40 ms was achieved. Droplets that are emerging in capillaries with a square cross-section become bigger under the same flow conditions in comparison to capillaries with a circular cross section. The presented methodology is promising for other periodic phenomena in different scientific disciplines that focus on imaging techniques. Full article

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a very promising biodegradable copolyester of high interest in food packaging. Its inherent brittleness and narrow processing window make it necessary to blend it with flexible biopolyesters, such as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). However, the resultant biopolyester blends are thermodynamically immiscible, which impairs their performance and limits their applications. This study is the first to explore the use of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) grafted with maleic anhydride (PBS-g-MAH) as a novel reactive additive to compatibilize PHBV/PBSA blends. The compatibilizer was prepared by a reactive melt-mixing process of PBSA and maleic anhydride (MAH) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an organic radical initiator, achieving a grafting degree (G_d) of 5.4%. Biopolyester blend films were thereafter prepared via cast extrusion and their morphological, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties were characterized. Compatibilization by PBSA-g-MAH was confirmed by observing an improved phase interaction and lower dispersed domain sizes in the blends with 15 wt% PBSA. These compatibilized PHBV/PBSA blends were thermally stable up to 285 °C, showed enhanced ductility and toughness, as well as providing an improved barrier against water and limonene vapors and oxygen. These findings suggest that the use of MAH-grafted biopolyesters can represent an effective strategy to improve the properties of biopolyester blends and open up new opportunities for the application of PHBV-based formulations for food packaging. Full article