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Emerging Technologies for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage - 2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 3922

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Liwei Zhang

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Interests: CO2 storage; wellbore cement; risk assessment; reactive transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Huijin Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy, Shanghai 201306, China
Interests: heat and mass transfer; transport in porous media; thermal storage; carbon capture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) has been widely recognized as a crucial path towards achieving a large cut in CO2 emissions in industries such as power, steel, cement, etc. Technological developments and innovation are a fundamental driving force towards advances in CCUS, and emerging technologies such as direct air capture (DAC), CO2-enhanced water recovery (CO2-EWR), etc., are helping achieve this. This Special Issue offers a forum to solicit articles communicating state-of-the-art research with a focus on emerging technologies aiming to advance the development of CCUS.

Prof. Dr. Liwei Zhang
Dr. Huijin Xu
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6372 KiB  
Article
A New Transformation Method of the T2 Spectrum Based on Ordered Clustering—A Case Study on the Pore-Throat Utilization Rule of Supercritical CO2 Flooding in Low Permeability Cores
by Yanchun Su, Chunhua Zhao, Xianjie Li, Xiujun Wang, Jian Zhang, Bo Huang, Xiaofeng Tian, Mingxi Liu and Kaoping Song
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020730 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) have been widely used as common characterization methods of pore-throat. It is generally believed that there is a power function relationship between transverse relaxation time (T2) and pore-throat radius (r), but the [...] Read more.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) have been widely used as common characterization methods of pore-throat. It is generally believed that there is a power function relationship between transverse relaxation time (T2) and pore-throat radius (r), but the segmentation process of the pore-throat interval is subjective, which affects the conversion accuracy. In this paper, ordered clustering is used to improve the existing segmentation method of the pore-throat interval, eliminate the subjectivity in the segmentation process, and obtain a more accurate distribution curve of the pore-throat. For the three kinds of cores with ordinary-low permeability (K > 1 mD), ultra-low permeability (0.1 mD < K < 1 mD), and super-low permeability (K < 0.1 mD), the pore-throat distribution curves of the cores were obtained by using the improved T2 conversion method. Then, the oil and gas two-phase displacement experiment was carried out to investigate the degree of recovery and cumulative gas–oil ratio changes during the displacement process. Finally, the converted T2 spectrum was used to quantify the utilization of different pore sizes. The improved T2 conversion method not only has better accuracy but also is not limited by the pore-throat distribution types (such as unimodal, bimodal, and multi-modal, etc.) and is suitable for any core with measured HPMI pore-throat distribution and an NMR T2 spectrum. Combined with the results of core displacement and the degree of pore-throat utilization, it is found that the potential of miscible flooding to improve the recovery degree is in the order of ordinary-low permeability core (18–22%), ultra-low permeability core (25–29%), and super-low permeability core (8–12%). The utilization degree of immiscible flooding to the <10 nm pore-throat is low (up to 35%), while miscible flooding can effectively use the <3.7 nm pore-throat (up to 73%). The development effect of supercritical CO2 flooding on K < 0.1 mD reservoirs is not good, the seepage resistance of CO2 is large, the miscible flooding makes it difficult to improve the recovery degree, and the utilization effect of pore-throat is poor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage - 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 1691 KiB  
Article
Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation in Porous Media Under Dynamic Conditions for CO2 Storage in Low-Temperature Water Zones
by Md Nahin Mahmood, Muhammad Towhidul Islam and Boyun Guo
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 10860; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310860 - 23 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1145
Abstract
Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsea water zones, where the in situ temperatures are below the hydrate-forming temperature of CO2, has been recently proposed to lock CO2 inside the water zones in a solid hydrate form. It is [...] Read more.
Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsea water zones, where the in situ temperatures are below the hydrate-forming temperature of CO2, has been recently proposed to lock CO2 inside the water zones in a solid hydrate form. It is a common concern that CO2 may form hydrates during the injection period, which would reduce well injectivity. CO2 injection into sandstone cores under simulated subsea temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 5 °C was investigated in this study. Experimental results show that flowing CO2 at Darcy velocity 0.033 cm/s begins to form hydrate in the sandstone core at dynamic pressures higher than the minimum required pressure under static conditions. At temperatures changing from 0 °C to 5 °C, the observed hydrate-forming pressure changes from 1.87 to 2.5 times the pressures required for CO2 hydrates under static conditions. The reason why the required minimum pressure for CO2 to form hydrates in dynamic conditions is higher than that in static conditions is attributed to the shear rate effect of flowing fluids that should slow down the growth of hydrate crystals and/or break down formed hydrate films in the dynamic conditions. Therefore, higher pressure energy, or fugacity, is required to promote the growth of hydrate crystals and hydrate films in dynamic conditions. More rigorous investigations in this area are needed in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage - 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 8992 KiB  
Article
Temperature and Reaction Time’s Effects on N80 Steel Corrosion Behavior in Supercritical CO2 and Formation Water Environments
by Hanwen Wang, Liwei Zhang, Manguang Gan, Xuebin Su, Yan Wang, Quan Xue, Kaiyuan Mei and Xiaojuan Fu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020728 - 15 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1531
Abstract
In the present study, an immersion experiment was carried out to examine how N80 steel corrodes when exposed to formation water containing dissolved CO2 and supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) along with water vapor. We employed electrochemical and surface analysis methods [...] Read more.
In the present study, an immersion experiment was carried out to examine how N80 steel corrodes when exposed to formation water containing dissolved CO2 and supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) along with water vapor. We employed electrochemical and surface analysis methods to examine the influence of various factors, including the temperature and duration of immersion, on the extent of corrosion. The results show that the corrosion patterns of N80 steel in a supercritical CO2 environment and CO2-saturated formation water differed significantly. The presence of similar corrosion features was suggested by the constant structure of the corrosion products identified in the formation water. However, the morphology of the corrosion product was complex in the supercritical CO2 environment, exhibiting features of pitting and localized corrosion. Furthermore, a non-linear trend in the corrosion rate was observed between 40 °C and 120 °C. Specifically, the rate of corrosion declined from 40 °C to 80 °C, but it then resumed its growth from 80 °C to 120 °C. These findings suggest that very high temperatures could lead to the destruction of corrosion products and subsequently enhance the corrosion process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage - 2nd Edition)
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