Search Results (273)

Background/Objectives: After diagnosis, it is common for women with breast cancer to gain weight, which is associated with worse clinical outcomes. However, traditional measures such as body weight, BMI, and waist circumference do not detect key changes in body composition, such as fat redistribution or muscle loss. The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the evolution of body composition and muscle strength after one year of treatment, and their relationship with metabolic biomarkers. Methods: Prospective observational study in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasound (US); muscle strength was measured by handgrip dynamometry. Biomarkers analyzed included glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (and its fractions), triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), 6-interleukin (IL-6), vitamin D, myostatin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21). Results: Sixty-one women (mean age 58 years) were included. After one year, fat mass and related parameters significantly increased, while skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength decreased. Sarcopenic obesity prevalence rose from 1.16% to 4.9%. No significant changes were found in biomarkers, but positive correlations were observed between fat parameters and insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, and negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: BIA and US can detect unfavorable changes in body composition that are not reflected in conventional measurements. At one year post-diagnosis, women showed increased fat accumulation, muscle loss, and reduced strength, even without significant metabolic biomarker changes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the long-term clinical implications of these findings and the external validity in larger cohorts. Full article

Background/Objectives: Gut-derived tryptophan (Trp) metabolites play important roles in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation. Although animal studies suggest their protective effects against metabolic dysfunction, data in adolescents, particularly those with obesity, remain limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between circulating gut-derived Trp metabolites and markers of cardiometabolic, vascular, and platelet health in adolescents with obesity. Methods: Data were analyzed from 28 adolescents (ages 13–18; mean BMI = 36 ± 6.4 kg/m²). Fasting blood was collected to assess lipid profiles using a clinical analyzer and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Gut-derived Trp metabolites were measured by UPLC–mass spectrometry, peak oxygen uptake (VO_{2 peak}) by gas exchange during an incremental cycle ergometer test, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Platelet spare respiratory capacity (SRC), endothelial function, and liver fat were measured using high-resolution respirometry, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and magnetic resonance imaging respectively. Results: Indole-3-propionic acid was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure (rho = −0.39, p = 0.047), total cholesterol (rho = −0.55, p = 0.002), and LDL-C (rho = −0.57, p = 0.0014), independent of sex and obesity severity. Indoxyl sulfate was positively correlated with fasting glucose (rho = 0.47, p = 0.012), and adolescents with impaired fasting glucose had 1.6-fold higher IS levels. Indole-3-acetaldehyde declined with age (rho = −0.50, p = 0.007), and Indole-3-acetic acid and indole were higher in Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics. No significant associations were observed between Trp metabolites and FMD, VO₂ peak, or SRC. Conclusions: Gut-derived Trp metabolites, particularly indole-3-propionic and indoxyl sulfate, are associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with obesity. These findings support their potential relevance in early-onset cardiovascular disease risk. Full article

Background/objectives: The interplay between genetic factors and nutritional patterns is critical in understanding metabolic health. This analysis evaluated the potential reciprocal relationships between the TNF-α -308 G/A gene polymorphism, the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), and insulin-related variables in Spanish adults with obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 292 adults with obesity. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables were assessed. TNF-α -308 G/A genotyping was performed. Associations and potential interactions between CDAI and genotype on insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were examined using multivariate regression and two-way ANOVA. Results: Higher CDAI scores were significantly associated with lower insulin levels (p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), regardless of genotype. Carriers of the A allele (GA/AA) showed a non-significant trend toward higher insulin levels (p = 0.087) and a steeper decrease in insulin levels with increasing CDAI, with a significant interaction observed between TNF-α genotype and CDAI (interaction p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses confirmed that CDAI and TNF-α genotype were independently associated with insulin and HOMA-IR levels. However, interaction terms were not consistently significant across all models. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the potential of antioxidant-rich diets to help modulate the influence of pro-inflammatory genotypes on insulin resistance, highlighting the relevance of integrating genetic and dietary factors in managing obesity-related metabolic risks. Further studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings and to better understand the mechanisms underlying gene–diet interactions in metabolic regulation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy, associated with increased risks for both maternal and fetal complications. Insulin resistance plays a central role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in diagnosing GDM and to explore its correlation with clinical and anthropometric parameters in a Romanian population. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted on 320 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Based on ADA criteria, participants were divided into 160 with GDM and 160 controls, matched by age and gestational week. Fasting glucose, insulin, BMI, and blood pressure were assessed. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the GDM group (2.9 vs. 1.8; p < 0.001). It correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified HOMA-IR as an independent predictor of GDM (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6–3.5, p < 0.001), along with BMI (p = 0.01) and maternal age (p = 0.05). Conclusions: HOMA-IR is significantly associated with GDM and may enhance mid-gestational risk assessment when combined with clinical and anthropometric measures. Further studies are needed to validate its predictive accuracy in broader populations. Full article

Background/Objectives: Studies have reported an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among people with higher protein intake. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are reported to be positively associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not understood whether elevated levels of BCAA are causal to IR development, or if higher BCAA are a marker of IR. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of long-term protein and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma BCAA levels, and the relationship between plasma BCAA and IR in postmenopausal women. Methods: Stored samples and data from 84 postmenopausal women who participated in a protein supplementation trial (SPOON) were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of protein intakes less than 0.6 g/kg or greater than 1.0 g/kg, a body mass index (BMI) greater than 32 kg/m² or less than 19 kg/m² diseases, and conditions and medications known to impact musculoskeletal health. Subjects were randomized to a whey protein (PRO: n = 38) or maltodextrin supplement (CHO: n = 46) for 18 months. Plasma BCAA, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body composition were analyzed at baseline and 18 months. Results: At baseline, there were no significant associations between plasma BCAA and IR. There were also no significant changes in plasma BCAA or IR by study arm. However, there was a significant positive association between plasma BCAA and IR in both groups at 18 months (CHO: r = 0.35, p = 0.02; PRO: r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Findings from this study warrant future research to examine other diet and lifestyle factors that may mediate the relationship between circulating BCAA and IR in postmenopausal women. Full article

Background: The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest and safest diets for preventing chronic diseases. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the occurrence of prediabetes in a representative population of Bialystok, Poland. Prediabetes is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet in the diabetic range, indicating an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study participants were selected into healthy control (HC) and prediabetic (PreD) groups based on age and gender. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, blood pressure, handgrip strength, anthropometric parameters, and body composition were measured. Information on patients’ social data, medical history, and lifestyle history was collected using questionnaires developed for this study. A standardized questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), was used to assess life satisfaction. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and dietary total polyphenol intake (DTPI) were determined using a 3-day nutritional interview and appropriate databases containing information on polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of food products. To assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet recommendations, a 9-item Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was used. Results: It was found that the mean MDI for the entire group was low (3.98 ± 1.74), and the HC was characterized by a significantly higher MDI compared to the PreD. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between MDI and HDL-C, whereas a negative correlation was found between MDI and FG, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), IL-6, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, visceral fat mass, android/gynoid fat ratio. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity was shown to significantly reduce life satisfaction. In model 3, after adjusting for age, sex, dietary energy intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking, each additional MDI point indicated a 10% lower risk of prediabetes. Full article

Mulberry (Morus alba) twigs and leaves, rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and alkaloids with multi-target regulatory properties on glucose/lipid metabolism, were evaluated for their anti-obesity effects using methanol-extracted twigs (MTE) and aqueous-extracted leaves (MLE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Both extracts significantly ameliorated obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, as evidenced by attenuated body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, serum lipid profiles, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hepatic inflammation compared to HFD controls (p < 0.05). Concurrently, MTE and MLE enhanced systemic antioxidant capacity and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Notably, high-dose MTE (MTEH, 1000 mg/kg) markedly reduced perirenal adiposity while increasing brown adipose tissue mass (p < 0.05). Mechanistic investigations revealed that MTEH reshaped gut microbiota composition by suppressing Firmicutes and Enterococcus, while enriching beneficial Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiling demonstrated MTEH and MLEH-mediated metabolic reprogramming, characterized by increased propionic acid and decreased butyric acid, suggesting microbiota-dependent modulation of host energy metabolism. These findings collectively highlight the potential of mulberry extracts as multi-targeted nutraceuticals for obesity intervention via gut microbiota–SCFA axis regulation. Full article

Background: Obesity is a chronic and complex disease; by its nature, it represents an enormous challenge to be solved and managed. For that matter, several guidelines have been published, but there is still a long way to go until concrete scaled results can be presented. Adults with obesity, and especially severe obesity, need to have access to treatment programs, but they are not available for the vast majority of the population. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary treatment program for obesity (MTPO) offered to adults (ages 18 to 50 years old) with a BMI over 30 kg/m². Methods: Participants were invited through media ads, resulting in 404 participants for the first phase of that study, from whom the risk profile was assessed. After that, 180 participants (82.8% with severe obesity) concluded the MTPO, which consisted of 48 sessions of exercises and the same number of professional orientations about a healthy lifestyle, including the importance of being physically active, how to improve their eating habits, and how to control their emotions. Results: For the analysis of results, participants were grouped according to their weight loss in terciles, with the first, tercile presenting an average weight loss of 7.6%, which is considered clinically significant. In the same way, the average percental variations were even higher in this group for body fat (12.7%) and the lean mass to fat mass ratio (LM/FM), which increased by 14.3%. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, was around 3 times the variation of body mass, whereas the triglycerides (TG) and the hemoglobin A1C (H1Ac) were around twice that rate. Conclusions: These results made clear the effectiveness of the MTPO, which needs to be tested in public health services. Full article

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, yet traditional risk assessment methods may overlook behavioral and circadian influences that modulate metabolic health. Chronotype, physical activity, sleep quality, eating speed, and breakfast habits have been increasingly associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the associations between these behavioral factors and both anthropometric and biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk among obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 286 obese adults (78.3% females, mean 44.3 years, SD = 10.8, mean BMI = 42.5 kg/m², SD = 6.2) followed at a central Portuguese hospital. Chronotype (reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), physical activity (Godin–Shephard Questionnaire), eating speed, and breakfast skipping were assessed. Cardiovascular risk markers included waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio, A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Men exhibited significantly higher WHR, ABSI, HOMA-IR, TyG, and AIP. Eveningness was associated with higher insulin (r = −0.168, p = 0.006) and HOMA-IR (r = −0.156, p = 0.011). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher body fat mass (r = 0.151, p = 0.013), total cholesterol (r = 0.169, p = 0.005) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.132, p = 0.030). Faster eating speed was associated with a higher waist circumference (r = 0.123, p = 0.038) and skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.160, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Male sex, evening chronotype, and poor sleep quality were associated with more adverse cardiometabolic profiles in individuals with severe obesity. These findings support the integration of behavioral and circadian factors into cardiovascular risk assessment strategies. Full article

Background: Dietary consumption of insulinogenic amino acids (IAA) is known to contribute to the development of insulin resistance. It remains to be studied whether dietary IAA restriction improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and whether this improvement is related to alterations in glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of IAA restriction on glucose metabolism in a piglet model. Methods: Following the acclimation period, thirty-two seven-day-old male piglets were randomly assigned into one of three groups for three weeks as follows (n = 10–11/group): (1) NR (control): basal diet without IAA restriction; (2) R50: basal diet with IAA restricted by 50%; (3) R75: basal diet with IAA restricted by 75%. IAA were alanine (Ala), arginine (Arg), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), phenylalanine (Phe), and valine (Val) as suggested by previous studies. Thermal images, body weight, and growth parameters were recorded weekly, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on week 2 of the study, and blood and tissue samples were collected on week 3 after a meal test. Results: R75 improved glucose tolerance and, together with R50, reduced blood insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value, which is suggestive of improved insulin sensitivity following IAA restriction. R75 increased thermal radiation and decreased adipocyte number in white adipose tissue (WAT). R75 had a greater transcript of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), phosphofructokinase, liver type (PFKL), and pyruvate kinase, liver, and RBC (PKLR) in the liver and glucokinase (GCK) in WAT indicating a higher uptake of glucose in the liver and greater glycolysis in both liver and WAT. R75 increased the mRNA abundance of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (AKT1) in skeletal muscle suggestive of enhanced insulin signaling. Further, R75 had a higher mRNA of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in both the liver and hypothalamus and its upstream molecules such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and inhibin subunit beta E (INHBE) which may contribute to increased energy expenditure and improved glucose tolerance during IAA restriction. Conclusions: IAA restriction improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in piglets while not reducing body weight, likely through improved hepatic glycolysis and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and induced FGF-21 signaling in both the liver and hypothalamus. Full article

Aim: Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia have been associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with and without diabetes. Global longitudinel strain (GLS) has been shown to be superior in the detection of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction when compared to ejection fraction (EF). In this study, we aimed to assess GLS in relation to IR and pre-diabetes. Method: All participants underwent an echocardiography to assess LV systolic function using GLS. IR was evaluated using homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), and the participants were divided into tertiles based on their HOMA-IR values. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to divide participants into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and pre-diabetes. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess GLS in relation to IR and glycemic groups. Results: In total, 359 men without significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and without diabetes were enrolled. Participants in the higher HOMA-IR tertile had significantly reduced GLS when compared with participants in the lower HOMA-IR tertile (−17.9% vs. −18.7%, p < 0.01). A significant trend was observed towards reduced GLS with increasing HOMA-IR tertile (p-trend 0.005). However, in the multivariable regression model, only waist-to-height-ratio (WH) (β 7.1 [95% CI 3.1–11.1, p = 0.001) remained significantly associated with GLS, whereas HOMA-IR tertile and pre-diabetes were not. Conclusions: In asymptomatic elderly men with no diabetes or CAD, neither IR nor pre-diabetes was associated with GLS in the adjusted regression model. Increased WH seems to be associated with reduced systolic function by GLS measurement. Full article

Background: Firefighters are at risk for developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes due to occupational-related stress and poor health behaviors. Firefighters often experience chronic inflammatory responses that may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. This study examined the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and glycemic control markers in firefighters. Methods: Blood samples were collected from twenty full-time male firefighters to assess HbA1c, fasting glucose, and insulin to estimate the Homeostatic Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine. Body composition and cardiovascular metrics were also recorded. Pearson partial correlation analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between homocysteine and CRP and the variables HOMA-IR and HbA1c while controlling for age and body fat percentage (BF%). SPSS version 29 was used for all analyses (α = 0.05). Data transformation was used where appropriate to ensure the normal distribution of each variable. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between homocysteine and HbA1c before (p = 0.006, r = 0.605) and after controlling for age and BF% (p_partial = 0.013, r_partial = 0.588), indicating that homocysteine levels are associated with impaired glycemic control in firefighters. No other relationships were found to be significant. Conclusions: The findings support a potential link between systemic inflammation and poor glycemic control in firefighters. Due to the occupational hazards that contribute to chronic inflammation, targeted interventions such as dietary modifications may help decrease the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this high-risk population. Full article

The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index was recently suggested as a surrogate marker of liver steatosis and insulin resistance. However, the TyG index cut-off value may be affected by age, sex, and race. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the cut-off value for the TyG index discriminating insulin resistance based on the previously established cut-offs for HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) and serum level of SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) in Caucasian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The medical records of 311 unselected Caucasian women diagnosed with PCOS were included. Finally, due to the exclusion of patients with diabetes and hypertension, a cohort of 264 (84.9%) women with PCOS were analyzed. The following data were retrieved from the medical history: age, body weight, waist circumference, height, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, and SHBG. HOMA-IR was calculated with a standard formula. The TyG index was calculated according to the formula TyG = ln(triglycerides[mg/dL] × glucose [mg/dL]/2). The cut-off value for the TyG index was calculated using ROC analysis. The empirical optimal of the TyG index cut-off, corresponding to HOMA-IR ≥ 2.1, was >8.31 (AUC 0.77, accuracy 0.70, sensitivity 61.2%, specificity 75.3%, PPV—positive predictive value 59.4%, NPV—negative predictive value 76.7%). The corresponding TyG index cut-off values for a SHBG level < 41.5 nmol/L was >8.31 (AUC 0.67, accuracy 0.65, sensitivity 54.9%, specificity 73.9%, PPV 64.4%, NPV 65.6%). Our study suggests that the cut-off point for the TyG index in young Caucasian women with PCOS, which discriminates against insulin resistance, is 8.31 (based on both HOMA-IR and SHBG values). In addition, our data confirm the usefulness of the TyG index as an initial assessment of insulin resistance, which should be confirmed by assessing the HOMA-IR value or SHBG concentration. Full article

Objective: Various insulin resistance (IR) indices have been developed to assess cardiovascular (CVS) risk. We compared the association between ten IR indices and cardiac, renal, and vascular end-organ measures in a predominantly young (age 45.0 ± 18.3 years) South African Black population. Methods: We assessed the relationships between ten IR indices (homeostatic model assessment for IR [HOMA-IR], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI], metabolic score for IR [METS-IR], triglyceride–glucose index [TyG], TyG–body mass index [TyG-BMI], TyG–waist circumference [TyG-WC], TyG–waist-to-height ratio [TyG-WHtR], triglyceride to high-density cholesterol concentration [TyG-HDL], lipid accumulation product [LAP], visceral adiposity index [VAI]) and end-organ measures in 779 community participants of African ancestry. Results: HOMA-IR and QUICKI were the only IR indices consistently associated with end-organ measures (left ventricular [LV] mass index, p ≤ 0.005; LV relative wall thickness, p < 0.0001; early-to-late mitral velocity, p ≤ 0.01; E/e’, p ≤ 0.002; e’, p < 0.0001; pulse wave velocity, p = 0.036 (HOMA-IR only); glomerular filtration rate [GFR], p < 0.0001), independent of confounders. Furthermore, HOMA-IR was consistently higher, and QUICKI lower, in those with compared to those without end-organ damage (LV hypertrophy [p ≤ 0.03], concentric LV [p < 0.03], and reduced GFR [p ≤ 0.008]), independent of confounders. Importantly, the associations between HOMA-IR or QUICKI and end-organ measures were independent of additional CVS risk factors, including adiposity measures, and were replicated in the participants without diabetes mellitus (n = 669) and in the participants without high blood pressure (n = 505). Conclusions: In a predominantly young community of African ancestry, of ten recommended IR indices, only HOMA-IR and QUICKI were consistently associated with end-organ damage independent of CVS risk factors. Full article

Background: Glucose metabolism disorders are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is closely linked to the cardiometabolic consequences of glucose metabolism disorders, various other comorbidities, and mortality. In this study, we explore the relationship between SUA and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin levels, and insulin resistance in an older Finnish adult cohort. Methods: We used data from the GOAL (GOod Ageing in Lahti region) study—a prospective, population-based study of Finnish individuals aged 52–76 years. A total of 2322 non-diabetic subjects were included in the study. Data of SUA, FPG, and other laboratory parameters, comorbidities, lifestyle habits, and socioeconomic factors were collected. Subjects with SUA values of >410 μmol/L (≈6.9 mg/dL; 75th percentile) were regarded as hyperuricemic. We investigated the relationship between SUA and FPG, insulin levels, and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.65]. Results: We found statistically significant sex-, age- and BMI-adjusted small to moderate relationships (Cohen’s standard for β values above 0.10 and 0.30, respectively) between SUA and FPG, insulin levels, and insulin resistance in the whole study population as well as in the female and male subgroups. The higher the SUA level, the higher the HOMA-IR [(adjusted β = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.25)], and it rises drastically if SUA is above 400 μmol/L (≈6.7 mg/dL). The probability of a subject having insulin resistance is related to SUA level. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is associated with elevated FPG and insulin resistance, emphasizing the importance of addressing both conditions. Further research may explore hyperuricemia treatment’s role in preventing glucose metabolism disorders and their cardiometabolic consequences. Full article