Based on the analysis of known methods of surface hardening of aluminum alloys (chromium plating, plasma electrolytic oxidation, hard anodizing), the prospects for pulsed hard anodizing are shown both for improving the functional characteristics of a...
This work compares the tribological behavior of surface layers obtained by three different hardening processes. The layers were formed on the surface of AISI 4140 steel by applying three different thermochemical treatments. Wear resistance was evalua...
The article presents a summary of many years of activities in the area of increasing the durability of forging dies. The results of comprehensive research work on the analysis of the destructive mechanisms of forging dies and the possibility of incre...
The formation of hard/brittle layers (HBLs) forming in proximity to the transition-layer interface during the welding process of stainless steel clad plates constitutes a pivotal element in determining the limitations on joint homogeneity and toughne...
The issue of slope stability in earthquakes has become increasingly prominent with the construction of many infrastructure projects such as highways, bridges, and tunnels. To explore the dynamic response characteristics of bedding rock slopes in an e...
Hot-rolled backup rolls are widely used in steel rolling and usually need to be repaired by arc hardfacing after becoming worn. However, a corrugated-groove defect commonly occurs on the roll surface due to the uneven hardness distribution in the har...
As one of the oldest shaping manufacturing processes, forging and especially hot forging is characterized by extreme loads on the tool. The thermal load in particular is able to cause constant changes in the hardness of the surface layer, which in tu...
The nitriding of forging tools is an industrially established standard used to increase the hardness of the tool surface layer and reduce wear. However, this modification of the tool surface layer, as well as the microstructural changes that occur du...
Mine seismic events are an inevitable dynamic phenomenon occurring in deep mines. A scientific and rational method is needed to evaluate and understand mine seismicity and its induced disasters. In the Ordos mining area of North China, multiple group...
Hard carbon anodes are promising for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high reversible capacity. However, the long-term Na+ (de)intercalating process destroys the structure of the two-phase interface between the electrode and electrolyte...
Chromium (III) oxide is a technologically interesting material with attractive chemical, catalytic, magnetic and mechanical properties. It can be produced by different chemical and physical methods, for instance, by metal–organic chemical vapor...
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of stabilizing piles embedded in layered bedrocks are studied both experimentally and numerically. The influence of soft and hard interbedded layers in the structure of the bedrock on the mechanical chara...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the phase composition, hardness, and abrasion wear resistance of hard-anodized layers (HAL) on 1011 aluminum alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the Al2O3·3H2O phase...
The initiation and propagation behavior of fractures induced by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) jet fracturing is significant to evaluate stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). However, the propagation characteristics of fractures induced by SC-CO2...
The lab-made ferrite-aluminium layered double oxide (Fe/Al LDO) nanoparticles were used as reinforcement in the production of copper matrix composite coatings via the electrodeposition route in this study. The Cu coatings electrodeposited galvanostat...
X80 pipeline steel is widely used in oil and gas pipelines because of its excellent strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. It is welded via gas metal arc welding (GMAW), risking high cold crack sensitivities. There is a certain relationship b...
Cavitation erosion, as a mechanical effect of destruction, constitutes a complex and critical problem that affects the safety and efficiency of the functioning of engineering components specific to many fields of work, the most well-known being prope...
For the method of focused ion beam (FIB) milling to fabricate lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) metasurfaces, the use of a Cr-Pt mask can enhance imaging contrast and enable superior drift correction. However, removing the Pt component necessitates the vola...
This study examines the formation of hard layers containing Ni-B and Cr-B on the surface of 80/20 nickel–chromium alloy. The work evaluates the mechanical properties of the boride layers using instrumented nanoindentation. In addition, the grow...
Coatings with tunable refractive index and high mechanical resilience are useful in optical systems. In this work, thin films of HfO2 doped with Al2O3 were deposited on silicon at 300 °C by using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD)....
The results of studying the effect of particles of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) on the complex of strength and thermo physical properties of polymer composite products obtained by digital l...
Since the beginning of spring 2022, successive landslides have occurred in the eastern pit slope of the Wolong Coal Mine in Qipanjing Town, Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia, which has adversely affected the mine’s production safety. This study aims...
Boriding is a thermochemical process that improves the surface properties of metallic materials, such as wear resistance, hardness, and Young’s modulus. The current work evaluated the kinetics of boride layers formed by boriding on AISI H13 ste...
Deep nitriding is used to obtain a nitriding hardness depth beyond 0.6 mm. The long nitriding processes, which are necessary to reach the high nitriding hardness depths, mostly have a negative influence on the hardness and strength of the nitrided la...
Biomaterials such as polylactic acid (PLA) are utilized in tissue engineering to produce bone scaffolds by 3D printing; to resemble and integrate with natural bone, the scaffolds need a precise pore structure. However, PLA scaffold surfaces show inde...
The relevant problem is searching for up-to-date methods to improve tools and machine parts’ performance due to the hardening of surface layers. This article shows that, after the magnetic-pulse treatment of bearing steel Cr15, its surface micr...
The hard bottom layer of a paddy field has a great influence on the driving stability and the operation quality and efficiency of intelligent farm machinery. For paddy field machinery, continuous improvements in the accuracy and operation efficiency...
Objective: The sub bandage pressure results from a complex interaction between the bandage types,applied tension, number of layers and surface hardness. In this paper, three parameters i.e. hardness of the limb, stretch (%) and number of bandage laye...
To reveal the stress transfer mechanism of overlying coal pillar loads in hard–soft composite floor strata during close-distance coal seam mining, this study comprehensively employed theoretical analysis, similar material simulation, and numeri...
Stellite 6 is a Co-based alloy with excellent wear and corrosion resistance, resulting in it frequently being used as a hard-facing material. The main defect that occurs in the hard-facing process is the peeling of the hard-facing layer, which is cau...
Clay-based nanostructured multilayers, such as clay-polymer multilayers and clay-oxide multilayers, have attracted growing attention owing to their remarkable mechanical properties and promising application in various fields. In this paper, synthesis...
To address the issue that the insufficient surface hardness and wear resistance of ductile iron under harsh working conditions are likely to lead to early failure, using a cladding layer with dual hard phases is an effective method to improve the sur...
The organizational development of 316L austenitic stainless steel was examined in this work under various levels of compression deformation (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) and thoroughly investigated at multiple scales using SEM and EBSD techniques....
The composite Ni-Cr-Mo covering layers with excellent corrosion and wear resistance are deposited by plasma transferred arc (PTA), which can improve the service life of ships and solve the corrosion and wear problems of mechanized boats. The effects...
The ion nitriding behavior of AISI 316L austenite stainless steel was investigated at different nitriding times (2 h, 4 h, and 9 h) and temperatures (450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C). The structural characterization has been assessed by severa...
Series of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (elect...
Electric discharge machining with a powder mix dielectric is a promising technique to harden a work piece’s surface using electricity with a high energy density. The quality of the electrical discharge-machined surface is related to its surface...
Microstructural evolution and wear performance of Tantalum (Ta) treated by ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) at 25 and 1000 °C were reported. The UNSM treatment modified a surface along with subsurface layer with a thickness in t...
In order to study the effect of laser remelting on the properties of Q235 steel, WC-enhanced nickel-based remelted layers at different powers were prepared on the surface of Q235 steel using laser cladding technology. Their micro-morphologies were ob...
A TiN and TiN·Ti2Cu reinforced copper matrix composite layer was cladded onto a T3 copper substrate to improve the anti-wear performance of copper products by means of the nitrogen-shielded gas tungsten arc cladding method (N2-GTAC). Better than the...
Case-hardening steels are gaining increasing interest in the field of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) due to their excellent weldability. In combination with post-process carburization heat treatment, the surface properties can be improved to gene...
A new multi-layered thermal barrier coating system (TBCs) containing gadolinium zirconate (GZ, Gd2Zr2O7) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was developed using suspension plasma spray (SPS) to improve the overall thermal cycling performance. This s...
Ensuring high reliability and low latency poses challenges for numerous applications that require rigid performance guarantees, such as industrial automation and autonomous vehicles. Our research primarily concentrates on addressing the real-time req...
The powder-pack boriding technique with an open retort was used to form borided layers on X165CrV12 tool steel. The process was carried out at 1123, 1173, and 1223 K for 3, 6, and 9 h. As a result of boriding the high-chromium substrate, the produced...
Mechanical properties of thin films are significant for the applicability of nanodevices. Amorphous Al2O3-Ta2O5 double and triple layers were atomic layer-deposited to the thickness of 70 nm with constituent single-layer thicknesses varying from 40 t...
The following article describes influence of pressure welded or bound chips to the gear tooth flank and/or the tooth root on a carburized case and surface layer hardness of Pyrowear 53 steel gears, machined by Power Skiving method. This paper is focu...
Loading flat coated specimens with tensile forces is a universal method to determine the nature of fracture of hard coatings in maritime applications. Such an approach allows the determination of the shear strength at the interfaces between layers an...
To investigate the properties of Mo2N/MoSi2 multi-layer films, pure Mo2N films, pure MoSi2 films, and Mo2N/MoSi2 multi-layer films with 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 layers were prepared using magnetron sputtering. Before and after oxidation, the phase struct...
This paper investigates the influence of cutting speed and flank wear on the depth profile of residual stresses, as well as the fraction of retained austenite after hard turning of quenched bearing steel 100Cr6. Residual stress and retained austenite...
Layers of iron–nickel Fe-Ni-B-type borides were produced on C45 steel using a new hybrid treatment variant which combines boriding under glow discharge conditions with galvanic nickel precoating. The aim was to investigate whether these layers...
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