As the core component of satellite navigation, the hydrogen maser needs a high vacuum environment to maintain the stability of the frequency signal. The getter pump, composed of various non-evaporable getters, plays an important role in maintaining t...
In this paper, we report the preparation of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) with different gradient pore size structures. The pore structure of microporous layers (MPL) was controlled by the amount of pore-making agent sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). We inv...
Widely used in treating oil mist aerosols generated from metalworking processes, conventional gas–liquid coalescing filters face drawbacks such as increased energy consumption, performance limitations, and shortened service life due to high ste...
Ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone reservoirs are key targets for natural gas development, where gas flow is controlled by pore structure, capillary forces, and water saturation. Using the ultra-deep tight sandstones from the Tarim Basin as study o...
Tight gas reservoirs commonly occur in clastic formations having a complex pore structure and a high water saturation, which results in a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) for gas seepage. The micropore characteristics of a tight sandstone gas reserv...
When using the extracorporeal capillary membrane oxygenator (sample A) for ECMO treatments of COVID-19 severely ill patients, which is dominantly used in Japan and worldwide, there is a concern about the risk of SARS-CoV-2 scattering from the gas out...
To adapt porous material for its application as low noise trailing edge, a special rolling process, using a time-varied rolling gap, was used in previous research to produce a porosity gradient in the direction of rolling. Investigations suggest that...
The cellular behavior of Voronoi tessellation has generated interest due to its applicability in various fields and its notable structural properties. Controlling factors such as the gradient of the cells, the position of seed points, and the thickne...
This study focuses on addressing the issues of water flooding and mass transfer limitations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under high current density conditions. A multi-scale gradient pore gas diffusion layer (GDL) is designed to en...
The sediment of the hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu Area is mainly clayey silt. Its characteristic small particles and poor cementation challenge the quantification of the reservoir permeability during gas production. An accurate description of the s...
The evolution of pore structure during in situ underground exploitation of oil shale directly affects the diffusion and permeability of pyrolysis products. In this study, on the basis of mineral analysis and thermogravimetric results, in combination...
Developing flexible sensors that combine high sensitivity, a wide detection range, and comfortable wearability remains a key challenge in the development of electronic skin. This study presents a breathable, highly sensitive, and wearable piezoresist...
Low-permeability porous medium usually has asymmetric distributions of pore sizes and pore-throat tortuosity, thus has a non-linear flow behavior with an initial pressure gradient observed in experiments. A threshold pressure gradient (TPG) has been...
The uncertainties between reservoir quality and gas migration and accumulation in tight sandstone gas reservoirs are intrinsically attributed to complex microscopic pore structures. Integrated analysis including the physical simulation experiment of...
The structure and composition of natural bone show gradient changes. Most bone scaffolds prepared by bone tissue engineering with single materials and structures present difficulties in meeting the needs of bone defect repair. Based on the structure...
This work pioneers the novel application of surface friction treatment (SFT) to sintered porous metals to fabricate gradient-structured functional surfaces. The results demonstrate that SFT significantly modifies surface pore architecture, with scann...
In magnetowetting, the material properties of liquid, surface morphology of solid, and applied external field are three major factors used to determine the wettability of a liquid droplet on a surface. For wetting measurements, an irregular or uneven...
The selective hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to BTX requires precise control over catalyst porosity and metal–acid balance. Hierarchical porosity, integrating microporous and mesoporous networks, is pivotal for enhancing mass...
ZrO2-toughened Al2O3 (ZTA) ceramic composites with a porosity gradient and with improved mechanical properties have a wide range of possible applications. We fabricated nanofibrous and nanogranular Y-ZTA and Ce-ZTA composites with a gradient microstr...
The characteristics of the karst pore structure not only affect the seepage features of the rock mass in the karst area but also have a noticeable effect on the mechanical behavior in the process of rock mass loading. The exploration of the exhibitio...
Porous scaffolds with graded open porosity combining a morphology similar to that of bone with mechanical and biological properties are becoming an attractive candidate for bone grafts. In this work, scaffolds with a continuous cell-size gradient wer...
Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. Howeve...
In this study, the reverse osmosis (RO) of a salt solution was investigated using a molecular dynamics method to explore the performance of a multilayer porous graphene membrane. The effects of the salt solution concentration, pressure, layer separat...
Preformed porous media (PPM) technology has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) of agricultural and food products. This review systematically analyzes recent advances in PPM research, w...
Vacuum-induced surface freezing has been used to produce uni-directional freezing of colloidal aluminum oxide dispersions. It leads to zones of different structure within the resulting sintered monoliths that are highly similar to those known for fre...
In the restoration of ancient water engineering, the loss of fine soil particles from the ancient riverbank can easily cause seepage instability problems such as piping during the flood transient process. This paper explores the influence mechanism o...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), crucial in modern advanced energy storage systems, inherently experience several side reactions during operation, with the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and lithium plating being the most significant....
Due to the unclear seepage mechanism for shale oil, it is hard to establish a reasonable mathematical model to describe the flowing law. In this study, a real shale pore structure was reconstructed with CT scanning and a numerical model of fluid flow...
In order to obtain scaffold that can meet the therapeutic effect, researchers have carried out research on irregular porous structures. However, there are deficiencies in the design method of accurately controlling the apparent elastic modulus of the...
The Jurassic lacustrine oil shale in southwest China has become a primary production layer due to its high yield and substantial reserves. However, influenced by the lacustrine environment, the vertical profile of the lacustrine shale reservoir shows...
For a binary structure slope with a soil layer on the top and a rock layer on the bottom, during the rainfall process, surface runoff will cause soil and water loss on the slope surface and damage to the slope environment. When rainwater infiltrates...
In this paper, a type of vapor chamber with a gradient pore size wick (VC-G) was developed, and its thermal performance was experimentally tested and compared with two types of VCs with uniform pore size wick (which can be defined as VC-U (200) and V...
Porous structures are naturally involved in electrochemical processes. The specific architectures of the available porous materials, as well as their physical properties, crucially affect their applications, e.g., their use in fuel cells, batteries,...
A group of stable, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins constitute the pore forming toxins (PFTs) in cnidarians. They interact with membranes to physically alter the membrane structure and permeability, resulting in the formation of pores. These...
Reticulate porous ceramic reactors use foam-type absorbers in their operation which must fulfill two essential functions: favoring the volumetric effect and increasing the mass and heat transfer by acting as a support for the reactive materials. Heat...
Understanding gas–water two-phase flow mechanisms in deep tight gas reservoirs is critical for improving production performance and mitigating water invasion. However, the effects of pore-throat-fracture multiscale structures on gas–water flow remain...
Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in high-temperature, high-humidity, and high-electric-potential environments can be affected by the carbon corrosion and degradation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) network structures, resulting in reduced reliability an...
Functional graded materials are gaining increasing attention in tissue engineering (TE) due to their superior mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) has the capability to produce smooth surfaces and in...
Using PNC-60 powder with the addition of graphite, cylindrical products characterized by different compositions of core and outer layers were made. Some compacts were sintered via the conventional process, while others were subjected to the spark pla...
This study investigates the impact of non-uniform carbon sphere diameter distributions on the structural and electrochemical performance of catalyst layers (CLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), utilizing the lattice Boltzmann method...
This study investigates and compares properties of various P-type Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) porous structures for bone scaffold design. At first, six cases of homogeneous single/dual-layer structures, axial single/dual-layer gradient str...
Porous α-SiAlON ceramics were fabricated using the camphene-based unidirectional freeze casting method, in which a gradient porous structure was formed as a result of the decreased solidification velocity in the freezing direction. Microstructu...
The use of biocompatible and biodegradable porous scaffolds produced via additive manufacturing is one of the most common approaches in tissue engineering. The geometric design of tissue engineering scaffolds (e.g., pore size, pore shape, and pore di...
We demonstrate the fabrication of free-standing inverse opals with gradient pores via a combination of electrophoresis and electroplating techniques. Our processing scheme starts with the preparation of multilayer colloidal crystals by conducting seq...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have an extremely diverse application nowadays as an environmentally friendly and renewable new energy storage technology. The porous structure of the separator, one essential component of LIBs, provides an ion transport...
During the waterflooding recovery process, water is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoirs and displaces a portion of the oil and gas, thereby improving oil and gas recovery rates and extending the production life of the reservoir. The macro benefi...
The performance of oil–water coalescence separation elements currently fails to meet the increasing demands of the oily wastewater treatment industry. To address this challenge, a series of fiber coalescing filters were developed through an und...
Porous tungsten gradient materials with ordered gradient variations in pore size have significant application value in the field of vacuum electronic devices. This work combines tape casting and dealloying methods to achieve the integrated preparatio...
We designed, fabricated and optimized 3D biomimetic magnetic structures that stimulate the osteogenesis in static magnetic fields. The structures were fabricated by direct laser writing via two-photon polymerization of IP-L780 photopolymer and were b...
Die-cutting tools have been widely applied in industrial production. However, different forms of failure on a blade, such as wear and fracture, can greatly reduce its service life. In this research, the die-cutting tool was selected as the object, a...
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