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Keywords = gold–silver coatings

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35 pages, 30622 KiB  
Review
Nanotopographical Features of Polymeric Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review
by Kannan Badri Narayanan
Biomimetics 2025, 10(5), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10050317 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 1090
Abstract
Nanotopography refers to the intricate surface characteristics of materials at the sub-micron (<1000 nm) and nanometer (<100 nm) scales. These topographical surface features significantly influence the physical, chemical, and biological properties of biomaterials, affecting their interactions with cells and surrounding tissues. The development [...] Read more.
Nanotopography refers to the intricate surface characteristics of materials at the sub-micron (<1000 nm) and nanometer (<100 nm) scales. These topographical surface features significantly influence the physical, chemical, and biological properties of biomaterials, affecting their interactions with cells and surrounding tissues. The development of nanostructured surfaces of polymeric nanocomposites has garnered increasing attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate cellular responses and enhance tissue regeneration. Various top-down and bottom-up techniques, including nanolithography, etching, deposition, laser ablation, template-assisted synthesis, and nanografting techniques, are employed to create structured surfaces on biomaterials. Additionally, nanotopographies can be fabricated using polymeric nanocomposites, with or without the integration of organic and inorganic nanomaterials, through advanced methods such as using electrospinning, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, sol–gel processing, in situ polymerization, 3D printing, template-assisted methods, and spin coating. The surface topography of polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds can be tailored through the incorporation of organic nanomaterials (e.g., chitosan, dextran, alginate, collagen, polydopamine, cellulose, polypyrrole) and inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., silver, gold, titania, silica, zirconia, iron oxide). The choice of fabrication technique depends on the desired surface features, material properties, and specific biomedical applications. Nanotopographical modifications on biomaterials’ surface play a crucial role in regulating cell behavior, including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which are critical for tissue engineering and repair. For effective tissue regeneration, it is imperative that scaffolds closely mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a mechanical framework and topographical cues that replicate matrix elasticity and nanoscale surface features. This ECM biomimicry is vital for responding to biochemical signaling cues, orchestrating cellular functions, metabolic processes, and subsequent tissue organization. The integration of nanotopography within scaffold matrices has emerged as a pivotal regulator in the development of next-generation biomaterials designed to regulate cellular responses for enhanced tissue repair and organization. Additionally, these scaffolds with specific surface topographies, such as grooves (linear channels that guide cell alignment), pillars (protrusions), holes/pits/dots (depressions), fibrous structures (mimicking ECM fibers), and tubular arrays (array of tubular structures), are crucial for regulating cell behavior and promoting tissue repair. This review presents recent advances in the fabrication methodologies used to engineer nanotopographical microenvironments in polymeric nanocomposite tissue scaffolds through the incorporation of nanomaterials and biomolecular functionalization. Furthermore, it discusses how these modifications influence cellular interactions and tissue regeneration. Finally, the review highlights the challenges and future perspectives in nanomaterial-mediated fabrication of nanotopographical polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials, Biocomposites and Biopolymers 2025)
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28 pages, 12614 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticles as New Antifungals in the Prevention of Bovine Mycotic Mastitis Caused by Candida spp. and Diutina spp.—In Vitro Studies
by Magdalena Kot, Agata Lange, Weronika Jabłońska, Aleksandra Kalińska, Barbara Nasiłowska, Wojciech Skrzeczanowski and Marcin Gołębiewski
Molecules 2025, 30(10), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30102086 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. Fungal mastitis occurs in 1–12% of cases. Antibiotic therapy, the standard treatment for mastitis, has led to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing fungal mastitis occurrence. Antibiotics lack biocidal effects [...] Read more.
Bacterial infections are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. Fungal mastitis occurs in 1–12% of cases. Antibiotic therapy, the standard treatment for mastitis, has led to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing fungal mastitis occurrence. Antibiotics lack biocidal effects on fungi, which often exhibit resistance to antifungal agents. This study evaluated the antifungal properties of nanoparticles (NPs) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Diutina rugosa var. rugosa, Diutina catenulata, and Diutina rugosa. Tested NPs included gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs), iron with hydrophilic carbon coating (FeCNPs) (1.56–25 mg/L), and platinum (PtNPs) (0.625–10 mg/L), along with their complexes. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) at 0.75–25 mg/L for AuNPs, AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeCNPs and 0.313–10 mg/L for PtNPs, as well as fungal sensitivity to standard antifungals, were determined. Each strain showed different sensitivities depending on the NPs used and their concentrations. C. glabrata was the most resistant to nanoparticles, while D. catenulata was the most susceptible. PtNPs and FeCNPs showed no or weak biocidal properties. Some mycotic-resistant strains were sensitive to nanoparticles. This study indicates a high in vitro antifungal potential for the application of nanoparticles, especially AgCuNPs, as a new effective non-antibiotic agent for the prevention and control of mycotic mastitis in dairy cattle. Full article
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17 pages, 8911 KiB  
Article
Study on Hybrid Assemblies of Graphene and Conducting Polymers with Embedded Gold Nanoparticles for Potential Electrode Purposes
by Alexandru F. Trandabat, Oliver Daniel Schreiner, Thomas Gabriel Schreiner, Olga Plopa and Romeo Cristian Ciobanu
Chemosensors 2025, 13(4), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13040130 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 776
Abstract
This article outlines the method of creating electrodes for electrochemical sensors using hybrid nanostructures composed of graphene and conducting polymers with insertion of gold nanoparticles. The technology employed for graphene dispersion and support stabilization was based on the chemical vapor deposition technique followed [...] Read more.
This article outlines the method of creating electrodes for electrochemical sensors using hybrid nanostructures composed of graphene and conducting polymers with insertion of gold nanoparticles. The technology employed for graphene dispersion and support stabilization was based on the chemical vapor deposition technique followed by electrochemical delamination. The method used to obtain hybrid nanostructures from graphene and conductive polymers was drop-casting, utilizing solutions of P3HT, PANI-EB, and F8T2. Additionally, the insertion of gold nanoparticles utilized an innovative dip-coating technique, with the graphene-conducting polymer frameworks submerged in a HAuCl4/2-propanol solution and subsequently subjected to controlled heating. The integration of gold nanoparticles differs notably, with P3HT showing the least adhesion of gold nanoparticles, while PANI-EB exhibits the highest. An inkjet printer was employed to create electrodes with metallization accomplished through the use of commercial silver ink. Notable variations in roughness (grain size) result in unique behaviors of these structures, and therefore, any potential differences in the sensitivity of the generated sensing structures can be more thoroughly understood through this spatial arrangement. The electrochemical experiments utilized a diluted sulfuric acid solution at three different scan rates. The oxidation and reduction potentials of the structures seem fairly alike. Nevertheless, a notable difference is seen in the anodic and cathodic current densities, which appear to be largely influenced by the active surface of gold nanoparticles linked to the polymeric grains. The graphene–PANI-EB structure with Au nanoparticles showed the highest responsiveness and will be further evaluated for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemical Devices and Sensors)
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14 pages, 2732 KiB  
Article
Determining Gold Thickness in Multilayer Samples by Measuring the Intensity Ratio of the Au-Lα/Fe-Kα X-Ray
by Giovanni Buccolieri, Roberto Cesareo, Alfredo Castellano, Antonio Serra, Fabio Paladini and Alessandro Buccolieri
Heritage 2025, 8(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8020072 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Multilayer samples are used in a wide range of sectors for their functionality. In the field of cultural heritage, multilayer samples are also common, as in the case of gilded or silvered alloys in the pigment layers in paintings. The X-ray ratios Lα/Lβ, [...] Read more.
Multilayer samples are used in a wide range of sectors for their functionality. In the field of cultural heritage, multilayer samples are also common, as in the case of gilded or silvered alloys in the pigment layers in paintings. The X-ray ratios Lα/Lβ, Kα/Kβ, or K/L for an element or for different elements in a multilayer sample depend on the chemical composition and thickness of the superimposed layers and on the chemical composition and thickness of the layer in which the element is situated. Gold decorations of paintings on wood represent examples of multilayered structures and, for this reason, it is important to be able to determine the thickness of the gold layer. In the present paper, gold coatings of several paintings on gilded wood, by Italian artist Taddeo Gaddi (1300–1366 AD), were examined using portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) in order to calculate the thickness of the gold layer on ochre by measuring the intensity ratio of the Au-Lα/Fe-Kα X-ray. The experimental results obtained showed that the gold leaves used by the artist have a thickness of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 µm; this also demonstrates the artist’s remarkable ability in creating the gilding. Full article
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11 pages, 6125 KiB  
Communication
Localized Effects in Graphene Oxide Systems: A Pathway to Hyperbolic Metamaterials
by Grazia Giuseppina Politano
Photonics 2025, 12(2), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020121 - 29 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 960
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a carbon-based nanomaterial providing a different pathway to graphene. One of its most notable features is the ability to partially reduce it, resulting in graphene-like sheets through the elimination of oxygen-including functional groups. In this paper, the [...] Read more.
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a carbon-based nanomaterial providing a different pathway to graphene. One of its most notable features is the ability to partially reduce it, resulting in graphene-like sheets through the elimination of oxygen-including functional groups. In this paper, the effect of localized interactions in an Ag/GO/Au multilayer system was studied to explore its potential for photonic applications. GO was dip-coated onto magnetron-sputtered silver, followed by the deposition of a thin gold film to form an Ag/GO/Au structure. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, SEM and Variable Angle Ellipsometry (VASE) measurements were performed on the Ag/GO/Au structure. An interesting behavior of the GO deposited on magnetron-sputtered silver with the formation of Ag nanostructures on top of the GO layer is reported. In addition to typical GO bands, Micro-Raman analysis reveals peaks such as the 1478 cm−1 band, indicating a transition from sp3 to sp2 hybridization, confirming the partial reduction of GO. Additionally, calculations based on effective medium theory (EMT) highlight the potential of Ag/GO structures in hyperbolic metamaterials for photonics. The medium exhibits dielectric behavior up to 323 nm, transitions to type I HMM between 323 and 400 nm and undergoes an Epsilon Near Zero and Pole (ENZP) transition at 400 nm, followed by type II HMM behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics Metamaterials: Processing and Applications)
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29 pages, 2388 KiB  
Review
Applications of Nanomaterial Coatings in Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
by Taiwo Musa Adeniji, Naila Haroon and Keith J. Stine
Processes 2025, 13(1), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010244 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1745
Abstract
This review explores the advances in developing adsorbent materials for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), focusing on nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoporous structures. Nanoparticles, including those of metals (e.g., gold, silver), metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, ZnO), and carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene), offer [...] Read more.
This review explores the advances in developing adsorbent materials for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), focusing on nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoporous structures. Nanoparticles, including those of metals (e.g., gold, silver), metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, ZnO), and carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene), offer enhanced surface area, improved extraction efficiency, and increased selectivity compared to traditional coatings. Nanocomposites, such as those combining metal oxides with polymers or carbon-based materials, exhibit synergistic properties, further improving extraction performance. Nanoporous materials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and ordered mesoporous carbons, provide high surface area and tunable pore structures, enabling selective adsorption of analytes. These advanced materials have been successfully applied to various analytes, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals, demonstrating improved sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility compared to conventional SPME fibers. The incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly expanded the scope and applicability of SPME, enabling the analysis of trace-level analytes in complex matrices. This review highlights the significant potential of nanomaterials in revolutionizing SPME technology, offering new possibilities for sensitive and selective analysis in environmental monitoring, food safety, and other critical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials)
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33 pages, 6495 KiB  
Review
A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
by Jessica Patel, Razia Khan Sharme, Manuel A. Quijada and Mukti M. Rana
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(24), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14242013 - 14 Dec 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2403
Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays [...] Read more.
This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), antireflection (AR) coatings for airbus windows, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, transparent p–n junction diodes, etc. are a few of the best uses for this material. Other conductive metals that show a lot of promise as substitutes for traditional conductive materials include copper, zinc oxide, aluminum, silver, gold, and tin. These metals are also utilized in AR coatings. The optimal deposition techniques for creating ITO films under the current conditions have been determined to be DC (direct current) and RF (radio frequency) MS (magnetron sputtering) deposition, both with and without the introduction of Ar gas. When producing most types of AR coatings, it is necessary to obtain thicknesses of at least 100 nm and minimum resistivities on the order of 10−4 Ω cm. For AR coatings, issues related to less-conductive materials than ITO have been considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanophotonics Materials and Devices)
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32 pages, 7358 KiB  
Article
Retention of Engineered Nanoparticles in Drinking Water Treatment Processes: Laboratory and Pilot-Scale Experiments
by Norbert Konradt, Laura Schneider, Stefan Bianga, Detlef Schroden, Peter Janknecht and Georg Krekel
Appl. Nano 2024, 5(4), 279-310; https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano5040018 - 5 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2722
Abstract
While microparticles can be removed by a filtration step at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), which are widely used in industry, commerce and households, pose a major problem due to their special properties, e.g., size, reactivity and polarity. In [...] Read more.
While microparticles can be removed by a filtration step at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), which are widely used in industry, commerce and households, pose a major problem due to their special properties, e.g., size, reactivity and polarity. In addition, many ENPs exhibit toxic potential, which makes their presence in drinking water undesirable. Therefore, this study investigated the removal of ENPs in the laboratory and at a pilot-scale DWTP. Eight ENPs were synthesized and tested for stability in different types of water. Only three of them were stable in natural water: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated gold (CTAB/AuNPs), polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles (PVP/AuNPs, PVP/AgNPs). Their retention on quartz sand, silica gel and fresh anthracite was low, but CTAB/AuNPs could be retained on fresh river sand and thus should not overcome riverbank filtration, while PVP/AuNPs and PVP/AgNPs showed no retention and may be present in raw water. During ozonation, PVP/AuNPs remained stable while PVP/AgNPs were partially degraded. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) was less effective than ozone. PVP/AgNPs were almost completely retained on the pilot plant anthracite sand filter coated with manganese(IV) oxide and ferrihydrite from raw water treatment. PVP/AuNPs passed the filter with no retention. In contrast to PVP/AuNPs, PVP/AgNPs and CTAB/AuNPs were also retained on activated carbon. The integration of a flocculation step with iron(III) salts can improve ENP removal, with PVP/AuNPs requiring higher flocculant doses than PVP/AgNPs. PVP/AuNPs, in particular, are well-suited for testing the effectiveness of water treatment. Further data on the occurrence of stable ENPs in raw water and their behavior during water treatment are needed to perform a risk assessment and derive the measures. Full article
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12 pages, 2825 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Electrostatic Surface Functionalization of Physical Transducers of (Bio)Chemical Sensors: Thiocyanate-Modified Gold Interface
by Borys A. Snopok, Arwa Laroussi, Tetyana V. Snopok and Shavkat Nizamov
Eng. Proc. 2024, 82(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-11-20385 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 380
Abstract
The immobilization of functional nano-blocks by means of electrostatic interactions is a promising technology for creating sensitive layers of (bio)chemical sensors. This is due to the unique ability of electrostatic interactions for directional immobilization and the uniform distribution of charged objects over the [...] Read more.
The immobilization of functional nano-blocks by means of electrostatic interactions is a promising technology for creating sensitive layers of (bio)chemical sensors. This is due to the unique ability of electrostatic interactions for directional immobilization and the uniform distribution of charged objects over the surface. This report discusses methods for introducing an electrostatically active buffer layer onto a gold surface and studies its interaction with nanoparticles carrying charges of different signs on their surface. To study the adsorption capacity of the gold surface modified with thiocyanate, silver nanoparticles of 60 nm in size, stabilized by positively charged at pH 5–6 polymer (Ag-NP&BPEI) and negatively charged coatings (Ag-NP&CIT, Ag-NP&PEG, and Ag-NP&PVP), were used as an electrostatic probe. The analysis of SPR and UV-VIS spectroscopy results, electrochemical measurements, and wide-field surface plasmon resonance microscopy imaging indicate that the gold surface modified with thiocyanate behaves as a negatively charged object in processes driven by electrostatic interactions. Full article
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13 pages, 4872 KiB  
Article
Dual-Mode Sensing of Fe(III) Based on Etching Induced Modulation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
by Miriam Parmigiani, Benedetta Albini, Pietro Galinetto and Angelo Taglietti
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(18), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181467 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1284
Abstract
Convenient, rapid, highly sensitive and on-site iron determination is important for environmental safety and human health. We developed a sensing system for the detection of Fe(III) in water based on 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarine (MMC)-stabilized silver-coated gold nanostars (GNS@Ag@MMC), exploiting a redox reaction between the Fe(III) [...] Read more.
Convenient, rapid, highly sensitive and on-site iron determination is important for environmental safety and human health. We developed a sensing system for the detection of Fe(III) in water based on 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarine (MMC)-stabilized silver-coated gold nanostars (GNS@Ag@MMC), exploiting a redox reaction between the Fe(III) cation and the silver shell of the nanoparticles, which causes a severe transformation of the nanomaterial structure, reverting it to pristine GNSs. This system works by simultaneously monitoring changes in the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) spectra as a function of added Fe(III). The proposed sensing system is able to detect the Fe(III) cation in the 1.0 × 10−5–1.5 × 10−4 M range, and its selectivity of the GNS@Ag@MMC sensor toward iron has been verified monitoring the LSPR and the SERS response to other cations with a clear selectivity toward Fe(III). Full article
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14 pages, 4473 KiB  
Article
A Highly Sensitive D-Shaped PCF-SPR Sensor for Refractive Index and Temperature Detection
by Sajid Ullah, Hailiang Chen, Pengxiao Guo, Mingshi Song, Sa Zhang, Linchuan Hu and Shuguang Li
Sensors 2024, 24(17), 5582; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175582 - 28 Aug 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
A novel highly sensitive D-shaped photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor for dual parameters of refractive index and temperature detecting is proposed. A PCF cladding polishing provides a D-shape design with a gold (Au) film coating for refractive index (RI) sensing [...] Read more.
A novel highly sensitive D-shaped photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor for dual parameters of refractive index and temperature detecting is proposed. A PCF cladding polishing provides a D-shape design with a gold (Au) film coating for refractive index (RI) sensing (Core 1) and a composite film of silver (Ag) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for temperature sensing (Core 2). Comsol Multiphysics 5.5 is used to design and simulate the proposed sensor by the finite element method (FEM). The proposed sensor numerically provides results with maximum wavelength sensitivities (WSs) of 51,200 and 56,700 nm/RIU for Core 1 and 2 as RI sensing while amplitude sensitivities are −98.9 and −147.6 RIU−1 with spectral resolution of 1.95 × 10−6 and 1.76 × 10−6 RIU, respectively. Notably, wavelength sensitivity of 17.4 nm/°C is obtained between −20 and −10 °C with resolution of 5.74 × 10−3 °C for Core 2 as temperature sensing. This sensor can efficiently work in the analyte and temperature ranges of 1.33–1.43 RI and −20–100 °C. Due to its high sensitivity and wide detection ranges, both in T and RI sensing, it is a promising candidate for a variety of applications, including chemical, medical, and environmental detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Design and Application of Optical Fiber Sensors)
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9 pages, 861 KiB  
Communication
Miniaturized Iridium Oxide Microwire pH Sensor for Biofluid Sensing
by Khengdauliu Chawang, Sen Bing, Ki Yong Kwon and J.-C. Chiao
Chemosensors 2024, 12(8), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080168 - 22 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
pH regulation in human biofluids is a crucial step for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Traditional pH sensors are limited by their bulky size in wearable systems, and fragile glass tips require frequent calibration, thus limiting their use in continuous monitoring. Flexible sensors, [...] Read more.
pH regulation in human biofluids is a crucial step for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Traditional pH sensors are limited by their bulky size in wearable systems, and fragile glass tips require frequent calibration, thus limiting their use in continuous monitoring. Flexible sensors, particularly those utilizing microwires and thread-based substrates, present advantages for small sample analysis, including natural breathability and suitability for bandage or textile integration. This study examines iridium oxide and silver–silver chloride coated on thin gold wires, fabricated using sol–gel and dip-coating processes known for their simplicity. The flexible microwires demonstrated promising pH performance from a study of their pH characteristics, sensitivity, hysteresis, and potential drift. Electrodes tested in microwells allowed for small sample volumes and localized pH measurement in a controlled environment. Additional integration into fabrics for sweat sensing in wearables highlighted their potential for continuous, real-time health monitoring applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection pH Sensors, Biosensors and Systems)
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46 pages, 15485 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Laser Powder Bed Fusion in Jewelry: Technologies, Materials, and Post-Processing with Future Perspective
by Geethapriyan Thangamani, Stefano Felicioni, Elisa Padovano, Sara Biamino, Mariangela Lombardi, Daniele Ugues, Paolo Fino and Federica Bondioli
Metals 2024, 14(8), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080897 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4085
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has played a significant role in various fashion industries, especially the textile and jewelry manufacturing sectors. This review article delves deeply into the wide range of methods and materials used to make intricately designed jewelry fabrication using [...] Read more.
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has played a significant role in various fashion industries, especially the textile and jewelry manufacturing sectors. This review article delves deeply into the wide range of methods and materials used to make intricately designed jewelry fabrication using the additive manufacturing (AM) process. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process is examined for its suitability in achieving complex design and structural integrity in jewelry fabrication even with respect to powder metallurgy methods. Moreover, the review explores the use of precious materials, such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, and their alloys in additive manufacturing. Processing precious materials is challenging due to their high reflectivity and thermal conductivity, which results in poor densification and mechanical properties. To address this issue, the review article proposes three different strategies: (i) adding alloying elements, (ii) coating powder particles, and (iii) using low-wavelength lasers (green or blue). Finally, this review examines crucial post-processing techniques to improve surface quality, robustness, and attractiveness. To conclude, this review emphasizes the potential of combining additive manufacturing (AM) with traditional craftsmanship for creating jewelry, exploring the potential future directions and developments in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) for jewelry fabrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Additive Manufacturing)
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15 pages, 1869 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Evaluation of DNA Damage Induction by Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Silica (SiO2), and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
by Milda Babonaitė, Emilija Striogaitė, Goda Grigorianaitė and Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(7), 6986-7000; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46070417 - 4 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly applied in a wide range of technological and medical applications. While their use offers numerous benefits, it also raises concerns regarding their safety. Therefore, understanding their cytotoxic effects and DNA-damaging properties is crucial for ensuring the safe application of [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly applied in a wide range of technological and medical applications. While their use offers numerous benefits, it also raises concerns regarding their safety. Therefore, understanding their cytotoxic effects and DNA-damaging properties is crucial for ensuring the safe application of NPs. In this study, DNA-damaging properties of PVP-coated silver, silica, aluminum oxide (13 nm and 50 nm), and gold (5 nm and 40 nm) NPs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. NPs‘ internalization and induction of reactive oxygen species were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cytotoxic properties were determined using a dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique while DNA-damaging properties were assessed using an alkaline comet assay. We observed that Ag, SiO2, and both sizes of Al2O3 NPs were efficiently internalized by human PBMCs, but only PVP-AgNPs (at 10–30 µg/mL) and SiO2 NPs (at concentrations > 100 µg/mL) induced significant DNA damage after a 24 h exposure. In contrast, the uptake of both sizes of gold nanoparticles was limited, though they were able to cause significant DNA damage after a 3 h exposure. These findings highlight the different responses of human PBMCs to various NPs, emphasizing the importance of their size, composition, and internalization rates in nanotoxicology testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nanoparticles on Living Organisms 2.0)
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17 pages, 3845 KiB  
Article
Temperature-Dependent Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances of Noble Nanoparticles Covered with Polymers
by Dimitrios Ntemogiannis, Maria Tsarmpopoulou, Constantinos Moularas, Yiannis Deligiannakis, Alkeos Stamatelatos, Dionysios M. Maratos, Nikolaos G. Ploumis, Vagelis Karoutsos, Spyridon Grammatikopoulos, Mihail Sigalas and Panagiotis Poulopoulos
Photonics 2024, 11(7), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070618 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Self-assembled gold and silver nanoparticles were fabricated in medium vacuum conditions on Corning glass substrates by means of DC magnetron sputtering. The samples were deposited either at 420 °C or 440 °C, or they were initially deposited at room temperature followed by post [...] Read more.
Self-assembled gold and silver nanoparticles were fabricated in medium vacuum conditions on Corning glass substrates by means of DC magnetron sputtering. The samples were deposited either at 420 °C or 440 °C, or they were initially deposited at room temperature followed by post annealing. Subsequently, they were covered with three different polymers, namely Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-blockpolystyrene (PS-b-PBD-b-PS), Polystyrene-co-methyl methacrylate (PS-co-PMMA) and Polystyreneblock-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PI-b-PS), using spin coating. Localized surface plasmon resonances were recorded in the temperature range of −25 °C–100 °C. We show that the resonance position changes systematically as a function of temperature. Theoretical calculations carried out via the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis support the experimental results. Based on these findings, the investigated materials demonstrate potential as components for the development of temperature sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasmon-Enhanced Photon Emission in Nanostructures)
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