Skip to Content

82,525 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,036 Views
16 Pages

27 December 2023

Shape From Focus (SFF) reconstructs a scene’s shape using a series of images with varied focus settings. However, the effectiveness of SFF largely depends on the Focus Measure (FM) used, which is prone to noise-induced inaccuracies in focus val...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,564 Views
21 Pages

9 December 2022

Answers to wh-questions are the most widespread method to elicit information focus. When studying the syntax of focus, however, this method is problematic because the most natural answer to a wh-question is often a fragment that only includes the foc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4,460 Views
10 Pages

22 February 2024

Focus back effort, concentration effort, and focus back state are factors associated with mind wandering. Focus back effort, proposed in alignment with the definition of focus back state, has been previously regarded as one manifestation of concentra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,635 Views
19 Pages

25 October 2022

Multi-focus image fusion integrates images from multiple focus regions of the same scene in focus to produce a fully focused image. However, the accurate retention of the focused pixels to the fusion result remains a major challenge. This study propo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,100 Views
27 Pages

This paper discusses the structural realisation of contrastive focus in the Grassfields Bantu language Bamileke Mǝ̀dʉ́mbà, yet another language with grammatically optional focus fronting. We show that the realisation of con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
864 Views
21 Pages

Increasingly, academic researchers and practitioners have been using online 3D virtual worlds such as Second Life (SL) to conduct focus groups. When doing so, researchers and practitioners have copied and pasted as is, in this new environment, the qu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
9,086 Views
12 Pages

7 July 2017

A hole-patterned electrode liquid crystal (LC) lens with electrically switching coaxial bi-focus and single focus modes of tuning is demonstrated. The proposed LC lens mainly consists of a two LC layer (TLCL) structure with different thicknesses to a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,796 Views
18 Pages

7 February 2024

A Shape-From-Focus (SFF) is a three-dimensional imaging method based on focus information. It is not yet widely used for in-line industrial inspection or measurement tasks. The main reasons are the time it takes to capture a 3D image of the inspected...

  • Article
  • Open Access
612 Views
19 Pages

19 November 2025

Depth from focus (DFF) is an optical, passive method that perceives the dense depth map of a real-world scene by exploiting the focus cue through a focal stack, a sequence of images captured at different focal distances. In DFF methods, first, a focu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,371 Views
33 Pages

17 January 2023

Focus is cross-linguistically associated with a number of different strategies, such as fronting, clefting, markers, and prosody. In some cases, the choice between one strategy or another is determined by language-specific rules, while in others, two...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,126 Views
12 Pages

11 July 2023

In the shape-from-focus (SFF) method, the quality of the 3D shape generated relies heavily on the focus measure operator (FM) used. Unfortunately, most FMs are sensitive to noise and provide inaccurate depth maps. Among recent FMs, the ring differenc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,340 Views
12 Pages

Optical Helicity of Light in the Tight Focus

  • Alexey A. Kovalev,
  • Victor V. Kotlyar and
  • Alexey M. Telegin

Using the Richards–Wolf formalism, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the optical helicity density at the tight focus of four different light beams: a linearly polarized optical vortex, an optical vortex with right-handed circular po...

  • Review
  • Open Access
53 Citations
13,440 Views
221 Pages

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

  • Sunil Auluck,
  • Pavel Kubes,
  • Marian Paduch,
  • Marek J. Sadowski,
  • Vyacheslav I. Krauz,
  • Sing Lee,
  • Leopoldo Soto,
  • Marek Scholz,
  • Ryszard Miklaszewski and
  • Tõnu Laas
  • + 15 authors

7 September 2021

This paper is a sequel to the 1998 review paper “Scientific status of the Dense Plasma Focus” with 16 authors belonging to 16 nations, whose initiative led to the establishment of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasmas (ICDMP) in the y...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,512 Views
9 Pages

Generalized Poincaré Beams in Tight Focus

  • Victor V. Kotlyar,
  • Alexey A. Kovalev and
  • Alexey M. Telegin

16 February 2023

We study the tight focus of generalized (hybrid) Poincaré beams. A conventional Poincaré beam is a coaxial superposition of two optical vortices, one with left circular polarization and a topological charge (TC) of m, while the other ha...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,786 Views
13 Pages

Effect of Attentional Focus on Sprint Performance: A Meta-Analysis

  • Danyang Li,
  • Liwei Zhang,
  • Xin Yue,
  • Daniel Memmert and
  • Yeqin Zhang

Sprinting is often seen in a variety of sports. Focusing one’s attention externally before sprinting has been demonstrated to boost sprint performance. The present study aimed to systematically review previous findings on the impact of external...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
11,863 Views
14 Pages

3D Image Acquisition System Based on Shape from Focus Technique

  • Bastien Billiot,
  • Frédéric Cointault,
  • Ludovic Journaux,
  • Jean-Claude Simon and
  • Pierre Gouton

15 April 2013

This paper describes the design of a 3D image acquisition system dedicated to natural complex scenes composed of randomly distributed objects with spatial discontinuities. In agronomic sciences, the 3D acquisition of natural scene is difficult due to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,429 Views
23 Pages

Sampling Based on Kalman Filter for Shape from Focus in the Presence of Noise

  • Hoon-Seok Jang,
  • Mannan Saeed Muhammad,
  • Guhnoo Yun and
  • Dong Hwan Kim

9 August 2019

Recovering three-dimensional (3D) shape of an object from two-dimensional (2D) information is one of the major domains of computer vision applications. Shape from Focus (SFF) is a passive optical technique that reconstructs 3D shape of an object usin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,686 Views
17 Pages

25 November 2024

In this work, we analyze the narrow focus strategies in the written Italian of university students. Although prosodic prominence is a characterizing feature of focus—functionally more important than morphosyntactic marking, according to some au...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,442 Views
22 Pages

Exploiting Superpixels for Multi-Focus Image Fusion

  • Areeba Ilyas,
  • Muhammad Shahid Farid,
  • Muhammad Hassan Khan and
  • Marcin Grzegorzek

21 February 2021

Multi-focus image fusion is the process of combining focused regions of two or more images to obtain a single all-in-focus image. It is an important research area because a fused image is of high quality and contains more details than the source imag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,451 Views
12 Pages

9 March 2018

We examine how individuals’ regulatory focus affects their donation behavior and how personal events experienced before the donation moderate this relationship. In this research, regulatory focus refers to the basic motivational orientation that affe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,870 Views
15 Pages

Construction of All-in-Focus Images Assisted by Depth Sensing

  • Hang Liu,
  • Hengyu Li,
  • Jun Luo,
  • Shaorong Xie and
  • Yu Sun

22 March 2019

Multi-focus image fusion is a technique for obtaining an all-in-focus image in which all objects are in focus to extend the limited depth of field (DoF) of an imaging system. Different from traditional RGB-based methods, this paper presents a new mul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
1,518 Views
14 Pages

Differences between Online and Face to Face Focus Groups, Viewed through Two Approaches

  • Eva María Murgado-Armenteros,
  • Francisco José Torres-Ruiz and
  • Manuela Vega- Zamora

The increasing prominence of online focus groups in market research and the complexity that the Internet environment adds to the conduct of research with focus groups has led to a certain interest in discovering how this method can be applied effecti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,607 Views
10 Pages

Tunable-Focus Liquid Lens through Charge Injection

  • Shizhi Qian,
  • Wenxiang Shi,
  • Huai Zheng and
  • Zhaohui Liu

20 January 2020

Liquid lenses are the simplest and cheapest optical lenses, and various studies have been conducted to develop tunable-focus liquid lenses. In this study, a simple and easily implemented method for achieving tunable-focus liquid lenses was proposed a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,691 Views
12 Pages

A Pilot Study on Attentional Focus in Prescribing Physical Exercise in Outpatients with Obesity

  • Luca Cavaggioni,
  • Luisa Gilardini,
  • Gabriella Redaelli,
  • Marina Croci,
  • Raffaella Cancello,
  • Paolo Capodaglio,
  • Amalia Bruno and
  • Simona Bertoli

17 November 2022

This pilot study compared the effects of two attentional focus strategies on fitness parameters and body composition in outpatients with obesity. This was a randomized, controlled study that enrolled 94 obese individuals and allocated them into an in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,557 Views
21 Pages

17 October 2022

Affected by COVID-19, the Chinese government has implemented demand-side reform policies to stimulate consumption. In this context, should consumer goods companies focus on innovation (FOI) or focus on ales (FOS), and what impact does it have on sust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,508 Views
16 Pages

Multiscale Image Matting Based Multi-Focus Image Fusion Technique

  • Sarmad Maqsood,
  • Umer Javed,
  • Muhammad Mohsin Riaz,
  • Muhammad Muzammil,
  • Fazal Muhammad and
  • Sunghwan Kim

Multi-focus image fusion is a very essential method of obtaining an all focus image from multiple source images. The fused image eliminates the out of focus regions, and the resultant image contains sharp and focused regions. A novel multiscale image...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,535 Views
15 Pages

4 July 2024

Differing from prior studies which explored workplace ostracism’s negative impacts, in this study, we try to explore ways to mitigate and harness workplace ostracism to encourage proactive behavior. By drawing on regulatory focus theory, we pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,125 Views
18 Pages

Pitch Range and Voice Quality in Dimasa Focus Intonation

  • Shakuntala Mahanta,
  • Amalesh Gope and
  • Priti Raychoudhury

8 November 2021

This paper presents an analysis of Dimasa focus intonation. The acoustic analysis shows that narrow focus sentences undergo a jump in the pitch range irrespective of the underlying tonal value of the morpheme it attaches to. In addition to f0 expansi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,431 Views
19 Pages

Recursivity and Focus in the Prosody of Xitsonga DPs

  • Seunghun J. Lee and
  • Kristina Riedel

This paper explores the prosodic patterns of complex DP structures in Xitsonga by looking at penultimate lengthening in DPs with marked and unmarked word orders of different types. We discuss the underlying syntactic structures and prosodic realizati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,362 Views
22 Pages

10 December 2021

A large body of research suggests that during learning motor skills, focusing on environmental effects of the movement (external focus) generally leads to better performance than focusing on one’s own body (internal focus). The functionality hy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,818 Views
16 Pages

2 September 2019

In this paper, a multi-focus image stack captured by varying positions of the imaging plane is processed to synthesize an all-in-focus (AIF) image and estimate its corresponding depth map. Compared with traditional methods (e.g., pixel- and block-bas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,944 Views
11 Pages

Investigation of Shape-from-Focus Precision by Texture Frequency Analysis

  • Shinya Onogi,
  • Toshihiro Kawase,
  • Takaaki Sugino and
  • Yoshikazu Nakajima

This paper reports the precision of shape-from-focus (SFF) imaging according to the texture frequencies and window sizes of a focus measure. SFF is one of various depth measurement techniques for optical imaging, such as microscopy and endoscopy. SFF...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,087 Views
13 Pages

1 April 2024

The motivation–direction model has served as the primary framework for understanding frontal cortical activity. However, research on the link between approach/avoidance motivation and left/right frontal cortical activity has produced inconsiste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,813 Views
22 Pages

26 September 2024

An automatic focusing system is a crucial component of automated microscopes, adjusting the lens-to-object distance to find the optimal focus by maximizing the focus measure (FM) value. This study develops reliable autofocus methods for hyperspectral...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,733 Views
10 Pages

Standing Long Jump Performance Is Enhanced When Using an External as Well as Holistic Focus of Attention: A Kinematic Study

  • Esmaeel Saemi,
  • Alireza Hasanvand,
  • Mohammadreza Doustan,
  • Ayoub Asadi and
  • Kevin Becker

29 August 2024

Standing long jump is known as one of the important skills in the success of athletes in most sports. In addition, one of the most effective factors that can affect standing long jump distance and kinematics is the focus of attention used by the athl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,344 Views
14 Pages

In previous picture naming tasks, semantically related distractor words (co-hyponyms to the target word) induce interference, which is usually taken as evidence for lexical competition. In an online picture-word-interference experiment, we showed tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,982 Views
9 Pages

An Easy Technique for Focus Characterization and Optimization of XUV and Soft X-ray Pulses

  • Alexander A. Muschet,
  • Aitor De Andres,
  • N. Smijesh and
  • Laszlo Veisz

2 June 2022

For many applications of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray pulses, a small focus size is crucial to reach the required intensity or spatial resolution. In this article, we present a simple way to characterize an XUV focus with a resolution of 1.85...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
52,418 Views
13 Pages

The attentional problems of school children are a crucial topic due to abundant information in this digital era. There are five attention dimensions for children: focused attention, sustained attention, selective attention, alternating attention, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,337 Views
39 Pages

This study investigates speaker based variation in the use of word order and intonation to mark narrow and wide focus in Urdu. The identification of focus type and position, as well as the prosodic phrasing of declarative sentences produced in the ta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,777 Views
17 Pages

8 January 2021

People’s choices of (electronic) communication channels are central to the quality of communication—and sometimes detrimental to their actual communication goals. However, while factors influencing media choice are abundant, potential mea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,056 Views
17 Pages

Understanding Trust in the Smart City Through Focus Groups in Hong Kong

  • Calvin Ming Tsun Lai,
  • Alistair Cole and
  • Dionysios Stivas

This paper examines the role of focus groups in mixed-methods research, focusing on trust dynamics within the smart city. It takes the Asian metropolis of Hong Kong as its empirical case. It successfully validates focus groups as a research method ac...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,282 Views
10 Pages

Literature reports superior performance when focusing one’s attention during a movement on environmental effects of that movement (external focus, EF) compared to focusing on the moving body (internal focus, IF). Nevertheless, IF instructions s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5,247 Views
14 Pages

12 June 2015

Introduction: Focus group methodology is commonly used to quickly collate, integrated views from a variety of different stakeholders. This paper provides an example of how focus groups can be employed to collate expert opinion informing amendments on...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,642 Views
44 Pages

MEMS Varifocal Optical Elements for Focus Control

  • Chen Liu,
  • Tong Wang,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Manpeng Chang,
  • Yu Jian and
  • Weimin Wang

19 April 2025

As microelectronic devices become more prevalent daily, miniaturization is emerging as a key trend, particularly in optical systems. Optical systems with volume scanning and imaging capabilities heavily rely on focus control. The traditional focus tu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
7,474 Views
15 Pages

A Survey of Multi-Focus Image Fusion Methods

  • Youyong Zhou,
  • Lingjie Yu,
  • Chao Zhi,
  • Chuwen Huang,
  • Shuai Wang,
  • Mengqiu Zhu,
  • Zhenxia Ke,
  • Zhongyuan Gao,
  • Yuming Zhang and
  • Sida Fu

20 June 2022

As an important branch in the field of image fusion, the multi-focus image fusion technique can effectively solve the problem of optical lens depth of field, making two or more partially focused images fuse into a fully focused image. In this paper,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,276 Views
10 Pages

16 September 2021

The characteristic analysis of the flux formed by the heliostat in the optical system is the basis in design and optimization of the whole system. In this paper, our research subject is a pilot installation of the point-focus Fresnel system, which is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,521 Views
16 Pages

Quantitative Evaluation of Focus Measure Operators in Optical Microscopy

  • Weiying Piao,
  • Yongqi Han,
  • Liye Hu and
  • Chunxue Wang

16 May 2025

Given the variety of focus measure operators, selecting an appropriate one based on scene requirements is critical. This study designs evaluation metrics based on the morphological characteristics of focus measure curves. A multipoint linear fitting...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,704 Views
16 Pages

Video Super-Resolution with Regional Focus for Recurrent Network

  • Yanghui Li,
  • Hong Zhu,
  • Lixin He,
  • Dong Wang,
  • Jing Shi and
  • Jing Wang

30 December 2022

Video super-resolution reconstruction is the process of reconstructing low-resolution video frames into high-resolution video frames. Most of the current methods use motion estimation and motion compensation to extract temporal series information, bu...

of 1,651