Search Results (2,341)

The deployment of Deep Learning (DL) for anomaly detection in Industrial IoT (IIoT) is critically hampered by the non-stationary nature of industrial data streams and the lack of forensic-grade explainability. This systematic review synthesizes 48 peer-reviewed studies (2021–2025) to quantify the performance collapse of static models under concept drift and to establish operational criteria distinguishing post hoc feature attribution (Type A XAI) from forensic root-cause diagnosis (Type B XAI). Our analysis reveals three critical findings: (1) static DL models suffer a 15–22% F1-score degradation across wastewater, manufacturing, and energy sectors when deployed in non-stationary environments, rendering them operationally non-viable without continuous adaptation; (2) the current literature remains saturated with Type A explainability (80% of corpus through 2023), creating a Forensic Gap where operators receive statistical correlations but lack actionable maintenance directives; and (3) emerging 2024–2025 research marks a paradigm shift toward Type B methodologies, yet no unified framework bridges real-time detection with deep causal reasoning. To address these gaps, we contribute the following: (1) a validated operational taxonomy (Cohen’s $\kappa =0.84$) with reproducible five-criterion rubric enabling forensic XAI classification; (2) the first quantitative synthesis of drift penalties in industrial deployments; and (3) a three-tier Edge-Cloud Forensic XAI architecture that achieves 70% communication payload reduction via compressed latent vectors while integrating tnGAN-based data imputation (handling 20–30% missing data) and physics-guided causal reasoning engines. Our framework decouples millisecond-level edge detection from 1–3 s cloud-based forensic diagnosis, ensuring both operational responsiveness and actionable industrial insight. We conclude that the future of safety-critical IIoT demands “Forensic-by-Design” architectures leveraging machine unlearning for drift adaptation and LLM-based natural language interfaces for operator-facing explanations, positioning Industry 5.0 to bridge the gap between algorithmic detection and human-centered decision support. Full article

Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods among adolescents is high due to their widespread availability and accessibility and has been linked to an increased cardiometabolic risk. In the Autonomous City of Melilla, it has been observed that Muslim adolescents consume more of these foods than their Christian peers, which warrants an exploratory analysis of their potential association with fatty acid biomarkers. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among 31 Muslim adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. The NOVA classification was used to identify the ultra-processed foods consumed, and the frequency of consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and level of physical activity were assessed. Fatty acid composition was determined in serum, VLDL, and erythrocytes. Results: Ultra-processed foods accounted for 49.1% of total daily energy intake, and 71% of the participants showed very low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Saturated fatty acids predominated in VLDL, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids reached their highest levels in serum, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes. Furthermore, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively correlated with saturated fatty acids in erythrocytes and with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in VLDL and negatively correlated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes and VLDL. Conclusions: These findings suggest that more frequent consumption of these foods is associated with a less favorable fatty acid profile, which underscores the need for nutritional monitoring and preventive strategies tailored to the sociocultural context. Full article

Background/Objectives: Nutrient profiling models are widely used to support healthier food choices, but their applicability may be limited in dietary cultures with multi-dish meals and high consumption of minimally processed foods. This study extended the Ajinomoto Group Nutrient Profiling System (ANPS), originally developed for dish- and meal-level assessment, to evaluate overall quality of daily intake (ANPS-Day) based on four components (protein, vegetables, saturated fatty acids [SFAs], and sodium), and examined its criterion-related validity using 24 h urinary biomarkers. Methods: A total of 324 healthy Japanese adults aged 20–69 years completed four-day semi-weighed dietary records and two non-consecutive 24 h urine collections. Urinary sodium, potassium and urea nitrogen were measured. Associations were examined using age- and sex-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients and trend analyses. Results: The crude ANPS-Day score showed weak and inconsistent correlations with urinary biomarkers. In contrast, the energy-adjusted ANPS-Day score was positively correlated with estimated potassium intake (r = 0.25) and inversely correlated with the urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio (r = −0.24). In quartile analyses, higher energy-adjusted ANPS-Day scores were associated with higher protein and potassium intakes and with a lower Na/K ratio (all p for trend ≤ 0.001). In component analysis, vegetable points were positively associated with potassium intake, whereas sodium points were inversely associated with estimated sodium intake and the Na/K ratio. SFA points were not associated with urinary biomarkers. Conclusions: The energy-adjusted ANPS-Day score showed modest but biologically plausible associations with urinary biomarkers, providing partial evidence of criterion-related validity in assessing diet quality in multi-dish dietary settings. Full article

5G communication commercialization is accelerating in many countries. At present, a large number of communication materials are deployed to transmit millimeter waves for 5G base stations. However, it brings huge energy consumption due to the shortcomings of the current materials. Therefore, a novel soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low dielectric constant is urgently needed to reduce the energy loss of 5G base stations. In this work, a series of CoBiNi alloys were prepared using the hydrothermal reduction method, with bismuth (Bi) as the dopant. The results indicate that Bi can regulate the magnetic permeability of soft magnetic materials; the permeability of the Co20Bi5Ni75 alloy fluctuates stably around 1.50 within the frequency range of 14.00–18.00 GHz. The saturation magnetization exhibits an upward trend with increasing Bi doping, with the Co20Bi5Ni75 sample reaching a saturation magnetization of 73.11 emu/g. The coercivity and residual magnetization characteristics confirm that Co20Bi5Ni75 is a typical soft magnetic material. The microwave return loss (RL) of the Co20Bi5Ni75 alloy was consistently higher than −6.89 dB across the 1.00–18.00 GHz frequency range when the sample thickness was 5 mm. The increased magnetic permeability of the Co20Bi5Ni75 alloy is attributed to the ability of Bi³⁺ to suppress carrier migration, thereby increasing the resistivity of the crystal structure and consequently improving the material’s magnetic permeability. These findings provide new insights into the preparation of high-permeability soft magnetic materials. Full article

Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening systemic infectious response syndrome. Its core pathophysiological process involves a systemic imbalance between oxygen delivery and demand, coupled with cellular energy metabolism dysfunction, which collectively contribute to high mortality rates. Parameters of oxygen metabolism serve as critical indicators reflecting tissue perfusion and cellular oxygen utilization. Consequently, these parameters hold significant value for the early identification, severity stratification, therapeutic guidance, and prognostic evaluation of pediatric sepsis. This review systematically elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying oxygen metabolism disorders in pediatric sepsis. Furthermore, it highlights the current clinical applications and significance of key monitoring indices, including blood lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption. By integrating recent research advancements, this paper also explores therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing oxygen metabolism, such as blood purification, microcirculation-targeted therapies, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Finally, we provide future perspectives on emerging biomarkers and metabolomic approaches, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for the optimized clinical management of pediatric sepsis. Full article

When the global energy transition is analyzed through economic lenses, the constraints imposed by the laws of thermodynamics are often overlooked. This study addresses the Latecomer’s Dilemma—the predicament of semi-peripheral nations compelled to decarbonize without the capital stock accumulated following the example of the countries of the Global North during their more than two hundred years of industrial development associated with the saturation of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide. A novel phase space model of the Anthropocene is constructed, synthesizing the political concept of ecological debt with the biophysical reality of entropy debt. The application of the laws of systems ecology and non-equilibrium thermodynamics enables the mapping of national development trajectories against the saturated “atmospheric bathtub”. The analysis identifies a critical Injustice Gap—a region of phase space physically foreclosed by historical emissions. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that a circular economy powered by low-density renewables functions as an entropy trap, converting material debt into radiative debt without achieving a closed loop. Consequently, the Polish correction vector is proposed as a stabilization mechanism. This study’s findings indicate that addressing the emerging phenomenon of adaptation apartheid necessitates the implementation of a high-density energy flux, namely Generation IV nuclear reactors, which would be funded by a retroactive ETS3 mechanism. This approach fulfills the thermodynamic condition for material closure, thereby substantiating the notion that energy justice constitutes a physical necessity for planetary stability. This study quantifies the historical radiative debt of a single early-industrialized hub (Manchester) at approximately 142.8 billion EUR. The novelty lies in the synthesis of biophysical laws and the Latecomer’s Dilemma through the proposed ETS3 mechanism. Full article

The oil palm production chain generates coproducts whose sustainable valorization remains a challenge. This study tested the hypothesis that partial replacement of the conventional substrate with oil palm coproducts could maintain the productive performance of Zophobas atratus larvae and generate value-added biomass. Mesocarp fiber (MF), palm oil mill effluent (POME), and palm kernel cake (PKC) were characterized in terms of physicochemical composition, carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity and examined as partial substitutes for wheat bran in six diets for Z. atratus. PKC demonstrated higher levels of protein (15.27%), carbohydrates (65.68%), neutral detergent fiber (68.35%), acid detergent fiber (37.70%), and saturated fatty acids (83.06%) and greater antioxidant capacity associated with phenolic compounds. MF showed the highest carotenoid content (138.27 mg/100 g), and POME had the highest lipid content (17.69%). Diet containing 50% PKC-supplemented wheat bran promoted higher feed conversion efficiency (78.99%), lower feed conversion ratio (0.90%), and higher larval protein content (39.14%) and maintained performance similar to that of the control. Larvae fed on 50% MF exhibited carotenoid bioaccumulation, with >190% increase compared with the control. Although the coproducts demonstrate potential as substrates, mortality restricts their technical feasibility. Their use depends on an adequate protein/energy balance and the digestibility of the fibrous fraction for strategic supplementation. Full article

While, in standard quantization, the energy spectrum of an oscillator does not depend on its mass, in Planck length deformed quantization, the energy spectrum becomes mass-dependent. That means that the field oscillator masses will source a gravitational field through the Nullpunktsenergie as long as we follow this scheme of quantization. Admitting these masses are tangible, their gravitational effect will manifest itself even within the framework of standard field theory. We shall consider the possible gravitational implications based on this approach. If the mass scale for field oscillators is set by the inverse size of the box containing the field and the three-momentum cutoff dictated by the black hole energy bound is exploited, one finds that the number of Fourier modes saturates the black hole entropy bound. Following certain “holographic” reasoning, one can derive various kinds of dark energy models that may be interesting for further study. Full article

Ultrathin ferrimagnetic heterostructures have emerged as promising platforms for next-generation spintronic devices, yet the role of two-dimensional substrates in modulating their magnetic properties remains underexplored. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the thickness- and temperature-dependent magnetic behavior of amorphous Fe₇₃Co₈Gd₁₉ films (4–32 nm) deposited on Si, WSe₂ bilayer, and WSe₂ monolayer substrates. Structural integrity and stoichiometry were confirmed via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR), Raman spectroscopy, and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. In-plane magnetometry from 10–300 K reveals that monolayer WSe₂ promotes stronger interfacial spin alignment, with the 4 nm film exhibiting a sharp increase in coercivity below 50 K, where $H_c$ exceeds 23 mT and even surpasses thicker counterparts, alongside enhanced saturation magnetization (∼790 kA/m at 100 K). This dramatic enhancement of coercivity is the most significant result of this work, underscoring the dominant role of interfacial coupling in governing low-temperature magnetic hardness. Conversely, films on bilayer exhibit suppressed magnetization and soft magnetic behavior ($H_c$ < 10 mT) across all temperatures, making them attractive for ultralow-power and high-speed spintronic applications. These findings demonstrate that atomically thin WSe₂ interfaces can modulate coercivity, magnetization, and squareness through proximity effects, establishing a tunable and thermally stable platform for spintronic device applications. Full article

Metallic nanoantennas are promising structures for enhancing energy transfer in high-intensity laser–matter interactions, especially in nanoplasmonic-assisted fusion. Under ultrashort laser pulses, they generate strong localized fields, modify ionization dynamics, and significantly affect charge acceleration in dense media. In this work, we present a comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) study of gold nanoantennas of various geometries—dipoles, planar crosses, three-dimensional crosses, and Yagi-inspired planar structures—irradiated by near-infrared femtosecond pulses at intensities at a range of ~4 × 10¹⁷–4 × 10¹⁸ W/cm². The antenna structures are embedded in a dense hydrogen-rich medium, allowing us to follow electron emission, gold ionization, and proton acceleration self-consistently. Crossed and Yagi-type geometries exhibit more robust resonant behavior than dipoles, with higher field localization and greatly reduced sensitivity to incident polarization. The proton energies increase to ~200 keV at 4 × 10¹⁷ W/cm², and saturate around ~300 keV at a higher intensity >~4 × 10¹⁸ W/cm², dependent on the geometry. This happens largely due to a rapid loss of conduction electrons from the gold structures. Our results highlight Yagi-based and cross-based nanoantennas as promising resonant dopes for laser-driven energy coupling and point toward optimized multi-arm architectures for future nanofusion-target engineering applications. Full article

Composite components with variable-thickness structures often suffer from insufficient forming pressure during curing due to complex pressure transfer in regions with abrupt thickness changes, which easily causes void defects and degrades component performance. In this study, a mechanical vibration-assisted double vacuum bag process is proposed. Finite element analysis of the vibration energy field in saturated porous composites is conducted, and curing experiments for variable-thickness specimens are designed. The effects of vibration, vacuum, and their synergy on void characteristics and mechanical properties are studied using microscopic characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that vibration can effectively facilitate gas discharge and accelerate resin flow, while the double vacuum bag process reduces gas discharge resistance in the early curing stage by delaying the vacuum negative pressure application, yet it also results in insufficient resin flow due to this delay. Through the synergistic optimization of vibration-assisted energy field parameters and the double vacuum bag process, gas-induced and flow-induced voids can be effectively suppressed while ensuring curing efficiency, reducing the macroscopic porosity of variable-thickness regions from 8.34% (single vacuum bag process) to 0.43%. This study provides a new approach for the high-quality curing and manufacturing of variable-thickness composite components. Full article

Daylighting in shopping-mall atriums affects both perceived visual quality and the availability of daylight for reducing electric-light use under daylight-responsive control. However, early-stage atrium design still lacks a reproducible workflow that connects field-based user-response evidence with parametric daylight simulation in retail settings. This study develops a weighted-sum design-search workflow for shopping-mall atrium morphology by combining a luminance-based visual satisfaction proxy with spatial daylight autonomy (sDA_300/50%) as an annual daylight-sufficiency indicator. Morphological parameter ranges were derived from a survey of 150 atriums in 26 shopping malls in China, and three prevalent atrium types were retained for simulation-based testing. ClimateStudio/Radiance simulations were used to calculate scene mean luminance and sDA_300/50%, and particle swarm optimization was used as a practical search algorithm under a fixed baseline weighting scenario. The reported high-scoring solutions reached sDA saturation, indicating that the final score differences were mainly governed by the luminance-based satisfaction term within the high-daylight-sufficiency region. This study contributes a retail-oriented, reproducible design-search workflow for early-stage atrium morphology decisions, while the results should be interpreted as scenario-based preferred solutions rather than statistically confirmed global optima or a complete visual-risk/energy-performance assessment. Full article

A novel dual-imidazoline ring quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor (TN-IM) was rationally synthesized via a three-step sequential reaction, using hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine and tetradecanedioic acid as starting materials, with benzyl chloride as the quaternizing reagent. The synthetic process involved amidation at 160 °C for 4 h, cyclization at 220 °C for 3 h, and quaternization at 70 °C for 3 h, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to characterize the chemical structure of TN-IM, confirming its successful synthesis. The corrosion inhibition performance of TN-IM was evaluated by the static weight loss method and electrochemical measurements, while the corrosion products and surface morphology of N80 carbon steel were analyzed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Static weight loss tests conducted in 3.5 wt% of a NaCl solution saturated with 0.6 MPa CO₂ at 60 °C for 24 h revealed that TN-IM at a concentration of 0.15 mmol/L exhibited a corrosion inhibition efficiency 1.86% higher than that of a single-imidazoline ring quaternary ammonium salt inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements demonstrated that TN-IM functions as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, with a predominant inhibitory effect on the anodic reaction on N80 steel. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that TN-IM molecules can adsorb onto the active sites of the N80 surface, thereby retarding the corrosion process by suppressing the charge transfer step in the electrochemical corrosion reaction. This study establishes a new paradigm for the synthesis of high-efficiency imidazoline-based CO₂ corrosion inhibitors with multiple adsorption sites, holding significant implications for corrosion control in harsh industrial environments. Full article

Background/Objectives: University students frequently exhibit suboptimal dietary habits, and even those enrolled in nutrition-related programmes may fail to meet recommended intakes of several key nutrients. This study aimed to assess changes in dietary intake and body composition over a single academic semester among university nutrition students. Methods: A prospective pre–post study was conducted with 102 students at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record and evaluated for energy, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients. Body composition was measured by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Changes between baseline and follow-up were analysed using paired statistical tests with the false discovery rate correction. Predictors of follow-up body fat percentage were examined using an analysis of covariance. Results: At baseline, mean daily energy intake was 2114 ± 632 kcal. A particularly low intake was observed for dietary fibre (15.45 ± 8.46 g/day), potassium (2013 ± 954 mg/day), iodine (63.5 ± 69.8 µg/day), and vitamin D (2.31 ± 3.01 µg/day), whereas protein intake was relatively high. During follow-up, significant increases were observed in the intake of carbohydrates (+54.2 g/day), dietary fibre (+9.3 g/day), potassium (+766 mg/day), vitamin C (+69.2 mg/day), and magnesium (+86.2 mg/day), together with lower sodium and saturated fat intake (all adjusted p < 0.001). No significant short-term changes were found in body weight, body fat percentage, or skeletal muscle mass. Follow-up body fat percentage was primarily associated with baseline adiposity. Conclusions: One semester of nutrition-related education was associated with improved dietary intake, particularly for fibre and selected micronutrients, but not with measurable short-term changes in body composition. These findings suggest that nutrition education may support healthier dietary behaviour and may contribute to preventive healthcare strategies in young adults. Full article

Introduction: Many studies suggest that dietary factors may significantly influence the development and severity of acne lesions. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an anti-inflammatory diet on acne severity in patients with acne vulgaris. Methods: This study included 92 participants who followed an individualized dietary intervention tailored to their energy requirements. Acne severity was assessed at baseline and after four weeks of dietary intervention using the Investigator’s Static Global Assessment scale. Results: After four weeks, a reduction in acne severity was observed in 68 of 92 participants (73.91%). The mean acne severity score decreased from 3.3 ± 0.6 to 2.4 ± 0.7 points. The dietary intervention also resulted in statistically significant reductions in body weight (p < 0.0001), body mass index (p < 0.0001), fat mass (p < 0.0001), visceral fat (p = 0.0386), and metabolic age (p = 0.0004). Conclusions: The balanced diet characterized by a low glycemic index and anti-inflammatory properties, combined with reduced intake of saturated fatty acids, sugar, and salt, as well as the elimination of dairy products and highly processed and high glycemic index foods, presumably through the synergistic effect of all the components of the diet, was found to be effective in the reduction of acne severity in the study group. This study supports the feasibility of the applied dietary pattern and suggests possible benefit for patients with acne. Considering the promising results obtained in this study, further research conducted in larger patient populations would be valuable. Full article