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25 pages, 2507 KB  
Article
The Road to Tax Collection Digitalization: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Digital Payment Systems in Nigeria and the Role of Macroeconomic Factors
by Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero and Gbenga Ekundayo
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2025, 13(3), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13030178 - 17 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1044
Abstract
The global movement towards a cashless society has prompted the payment of tax obligations through digital platforms and sources. In this international race to ensure that transaction payments are not hindered by the lack of physical cash, Nigeria is also making progress. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The global movement towards a cashless society has prompted the payment of tax obligations through digital platforms and sources. In this international race to ensure that transaction payments are not hindered by the lack of physical cash, Nigeria is also making progress. Therefore, the focus of this study is to assess the implications of digital payment systems in enhancing the effectiveness of tax revenue collection in Nigeria. The analysis spans from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2023, utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model. The research uses the most active digital payment systems that have been in operation during the study period. These electronic payment types include digital cheques (CHQs), Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Point-of-Sales (POSs), Mobile payment (MPY), and Web-based payment (WPY). These are the predictor variables, while the tax revenue collection (TXC) during this period is the dependent variable. The control variables include information and telecommunication technology penetration rate (ICTPR), inflation, and gross domestic product. The outcomes of this study reveal that, over the long term, a percentage change in CHQs, ATMs, MPY, and ICTPR is linked to a decline of 8.1%, 12.5%, 6.7%, and 22.4% in TXC, respectively. In contrast, WPY indicates a 7.2% positive increase in TXC while inflation exerts a positive increase of 46.7%. The Error Correction Model (ECM) suggests that the deviations from the long-term equilibrium in earlier years are being corrected at a rate of 3.9% in the current year. In the short term, it is noted that digital payment systems do not influence TXC. On the other hand, GDP maintains a significant negative influence on TXC, in both the long- and short-term. Given these results, the study recommends the establishment of a robust information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to enhance effective tax collection, even from rural areas and the informal sector. It is also important for the government to develop strategies that will bring the informal sector into the tax net. Full article
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11 pages, 1664 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Dynamic Feature Engineering for Adaptive Fraud Detection
by Ajay Sharma, Shamneesh Sharma, Arun Malik, Rajeev Sobti and Anang Suryana
Eng. Proc. 2025, 107(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025107068 - 8 Sep 2025
Viewed by 3532
Abstract
In today’s digital economy, electronic payments are essential to supporting financial transactions. However, the danger of fraud also rises with company complexity and volume. This study uses machine learning and advanced analytics to investigate fraud detection in electronic payments. Using business tools like [...] Read more.
In today’s digital economy, electronic payments are essential to supporting financial transactions. However, the danger of fraud also rises with company complexity and volume. This study uses machine learning and advanced analytics to investigate fraud detection in electronic payments. Using business tools like accounts, account types, and balance sheets, we spot patterns and trends connected to illicit activities. To detect and identify fraud, our study uses pre-existing data, machine learning algorithms, and infrastructure. The author has assessed the performance of several models, such as logistic regression, random forests, and k-nearest neighbor models, using criteria like accuracy, precision, and recall. To determine the most important characteristics for fraud detection, the author also conducts a significance analysis and examines the model’s interpretability. According to the current study’s findings, financial institutions and payment systems will be able to identify fraud more efficiently and gain an improved knowledge of the traits of commercial fraud. Full article
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26 pages, 1806 KB  
Article
From Transactions to Transformations: A Bibliometric Study on Technology Convergence in E-Payments
by Priyanka C. Bhatt, Yu-Chun Hsu, Kuei-Kuei Lai and Vinayak A. Drave
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2025, 8(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi8040091 - 28 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1329
Abstract
This study investigates the convergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), near-field communication (NFC), and mobile technologies in electronic payment (e-payment) systems, proposing an innovative integrative framework to deconstruct the systemic innovations and transformative impacts driven by such technological synergy. Unlike prior research, which [...] Read more.
This study investigates the convergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), near-field communication (NFC), and mobile technologies in electronic payment (e-payment) systems, proposing an innovative integrative framework to deconstruct the systemic innovations and transformative impacts driven by such technological synergy. Unlike prior research, which often focuses on single-technology adoption, this study uniquely adopts a cross-technology convergence perspective. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically map the multi-technology convergence landscape in e-payment using scientometric techniques. By employing bibliometric and thematic network analysis methods, the research maps the intellectual evolution and key research themes of technology convergence in e-payment systems. Findings reveal that while the integration of these technologies holds significant promise, improving transparency, scalability, and responsiveness, it also presents challenges, including interoperability barriers, privacy concerns, and regulatory complexity. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential for convergent technologies to unintentionally deepen the digital divide if not inclusively designed. The novelty of this study is threefold: (1) theoretical contribution—this study expands existing frameworks of technology adoption and digital governance by introducing an integrated perspective on cross-technology adoption and regulatory responsiveness; (2) practical relevance—it offers actionable, stakeholder-specific recommendations for policymakers, financial institutions, developers, and end-users; (3) methodological innovation—it leverages scientometric and topic modeling techniques to capture the macro-level trajectory of technology convergence, complementing traditional qualitative insights. In conclusion, this study advances the theoretical foundations of digital finance and provides forward-looking policy and managerial implications, paving the way for a more secure, inclusive, and innovation-driven digital payment ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Social Sciences and Intelligence Management, 2nd Volume)
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36 pages, 5316 KB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Cryptojacking Attacks on Endpoint Systems: Threats to Sustainable Digital Agriculture
by Tetiana Babenko, Kateryna Kolesnikova, Maksym Panchenko, Olga Abramkina, Nikolay Kiktev, Yuliia Meish and Pavel Mazurchuk
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5426; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125426 - 12 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2638
Abstract
Digital agriculture has rapidly developed in the last decade in many countries where the share of agricultural production is a significant part of the total volume of gross production. Digital agroecosystems are developed using a variety of IT solutions, software and hardware tools, [...] Read more.
Digital agriculture has rapidly developed in the last decade in many countries where the share of agricultural production is a significant part of the total volume of gross production. Digital agroecosystems are developed using a variety of IT solutions, software and hardware tools, wired and wireless data transmission technologies, open source code, Open API, etc. A special place in agroecosystems is occupied by electronic payment technologies and blockchain technologies, which allow farmers and other agricultural enterprises to conduct commodity and monetary transactions with suppliers, creditors, and buyers of products. Such ecosystems contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture, agricultural engineering, and management of production and financial operations in the agricultural industry and related industries, as well as in other sectors of the economy of a number of countries. The introduction of crypto solutions in the agricultural sector is designed to create integrated platforms aimed at helping farmers manage supply lines or gain access to financial services. At the same time, there are risks of illegal use of computing power for cryptocurrency mining—cryptojacking. This article offers a thorough risk assessment of cryptojacking attacks on endpoint systems, focusing on identifying critical vulnerabilities within IT infrastructures and outlining practical preventive measures. The analysis examines key attack vectors—including compromised websites, infected applications, and supply chain infiltration—and explores how unauthorized cryptocurrency mining degrades system performance and endangers data security. The research methodology combines an evaluation of current cybersecurity trends, a review of specialized literature, and a controlled experiment simulating cryptojacking attacks. The findings highlight the importance of multi-layered protection mechanisms and ongoing system monitoring to detect malicious activities at an early stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
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27 pages, 552 KB  
Article
Automatic Generation of Synthesisable Hardware Description Language Code of Multi-Sequence Detector Using Grammatical Evolution
by Bilal Majeed, Rajkumar Sarma, Ayman Youssef, Douglas Mota Dias and Conor Ryan
Algorithms 2025, 18(6), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060345 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1171
Abstract
Quickly designing digital circuits that are both correct and efficient poses significant challenges. Electronics, especially those incorporating sequential logic circuits, are complex to design and test. While Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools aid designers, they do not fully automate the creation of synthesisable [...] Read more.
Quickly designing digital circuits that are both correct and efficient poses significant challenges. Electronics, especially those incorporating sequential logic circuits, are complex to design and test. While Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools aid designers, they do not fully automate the creation of synthesisable circuits that can be directly translated into hardware. This paper introduces a system that employs Grammatical Evolution (GE) to automatically generate synthesisable Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for the Finite State Machine (FSM) of a Multi-Sequence Detector (MSD). This MSD differs significantly from prior work as it can detect multiple sequences in contrast to the single-sequence detectors discussed in existing literature. Sequence Detectors (SDs) are essential in circuits that detect sequences of specific events to produce timely alerts. The proposed MSD applies to a real-time vending machine scenario, enabling customer selections upon successful payment. However, this technique can evolve any MSD, such as a traffic light control system or a robot navigation system. We examine two parent selection techniques, Tournament Selection (TS) and Lexicase Selection (LS), demonstrating that LS performs better than TS, although both techniques successfully produce synthesisable hardware solutions. Both hand-crafted “Gold” and evolved circuits are synthesised using Generic Process Design Kit (GPDK) technologies at 45 nm, 90 nm, and 180 nm scales, demonstrating their efficacy. Full article
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18 pages, 437 KB  
Article
Digital Payments Trust in Latin America and the Caribbean
by Jeniffer Rubio and Ana Belén Tulcanaza-Prieto
Economies 2025, 13(5), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13050140 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 3754
Abstract
The adoption of electronic payments has increased globally, driving economic growth by enabling smoother transactions. Digital payments enhance speed, security, trust, and efficiency, prompting governments to implement policies that promote financial inclusion through new payment technologies. However, trust in the financial system is [...] Read more.
The adoption of electronic payments has increased globally, driving economic growth by enabling smoother transactions. Digital payments enhance speed, security, trust, and efficiency, prompting governments to implement policies that promote financial inclusion through new payment technologies. However, trust in the financial system is crucial for adoption, given concerns about security, fraud, and data breaches. In Latin America and the Caribbean, where economies are vulnerable to external financial shocks, and trust in financial institutions is low, digital payment adoption presents both financial and social challenges. This study analyzes the impact of financial trust on the likelihood of using digital payments in 17 countries, based on the 2023 Latinobarómetro survey (19,205 individuals). Using logit models, it examines financial trust’s influence across income levels. Results show that trust in financial institutions increases the likelihood of digital payment adoption by 62%, with a stronger effect among high-income individuals. Younger age, higher education, and mobile phone ownership also correlate positively with adoption. This study highlights the need to foster financial trust to boost digital payments, enhance financial inclusion, and reduce cash usage—key for tackling inequality and informality. A major limitation is the lack of longitudinal data for further analysis. Full article
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30 pages, 10580 KB  
Review
Display Field Communication: Enabling Seamless Data Exchange in Screen–Camera Environments
by Pankaj Singh, Yu-Jeong Kim, Byung Wook Kim and Sung-Yoon Jung
Photonics 2024, 11(11), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111000 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1774
Abstract
Display field communication (DFC) is an emerging technology that enables seamless communication between electronic displays and cameras. It utilizes the frequency-domain characteristics of image frames to embed and transmit data, which are then decoded and interpreted by a camera. DFC offers a novel [...] Read more.
Display field communication (DFC) is an emerging technology that enables seamless communication between electronic displays and cameras. It utilizes the frequency-domain characteristics of image frames to embed and transmit data, which are then decoded and interpreted by a camera. DFC offers a novel solution for screen-to-camera data communication, leveraging existing displays and camera infrastructures. This makes it a cost-effective and easily deployable solution. DFC can be applied in various fields, including secure data transfer, mobile payments, and interactive advertising, where data can be exchanged by simply pointing a camera at a screen. This article provides a comprehensive survey of DFC, highlighting significant milestones achieved in recent years and discussing future challenges in establishing a fully functional DFC system. We begin by introducing the broader topic of screen–camera communication (SCC), classifying it into visible and hidden SCC. DFC, a type of spectral-domain hidden SCC, is then explored in detail. Various DFC variants are introduced, with a focus on the physical layer. Finally, we present promising experimental results from our lab and outline further research directions and challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Advances in Optical Communications)
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14 pages, 4464 KB  
Article
Evolution and Trends in Digital Wallet Research: A Bibliometric Analysis in Scopus and Web of Science
by Nieves del Pilar Pizzan-Tomanguillo, Tony Venancio Pereyra-Gonzales, Segundo Victor León-Ramírez, Jhon Bautista-Fasabi, Carlos Daniel Rosales-Bardalez, Roel Dante Gómez-Apaza and Sandra Lucero Pizzán-Tomanguillo
Publications 2024, 12(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/publications12040034 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 9916
Abstract
Digital wallets have become a driving force in the global economy, with 2.4 billion users worldwide in 2020, a figure projected to reach 3.6 billion by 2026. This study conducts an in-depth bibliometric analysis to evaluate the current state and future trends of [...] Read more.
Digital wallets have become a driving force in the global economy, with 2.4 billion users worldwide in 2020, a figure projected to reach 3.6 billion by 2026. This study conducts an in-depth bibliometric analysis to evaluate the current state and future trends of digital wallet research using scientific databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. A scoping review methodology was applied, in which we analyzed 778 documents, following an eligibility process with the following search terms: “digital wallet”, “mobile wallet”, and “e-wallet”. Results show that India, the United States, and China are leading research efforts in this field. Key factors influencing the adoption of digital wallets include data security, ease of use, and integration with traditional payment systems. While much research has focused on technological innovation and adoption, significant gaps remain in areas such as blockchain integration and AI-driven solutions. This article provides the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of digital wallets, offering crucial insights into emerging trends such as “blockchain”, “electronic commerce”, and “digital payments” and their role in shaping the future of financial technology. Full article
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14 pages, 498 KB  
Article
Barriers to Digital Services Trade and Export Efficiency of Digital Services
by Xiaomei Wang, Jia Zhang and Yixin Zhu
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7517; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177517 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4337
Abstract
An international rules system on digital trade that can satisfy multilateral interest appeal has not been formed yet despite the rapid growth of digital services trade. Using the panel data of 39 countries from 2010 to 2019, this study applied the stochastic frontier [...] Read more.
An international rules system on digital trade that can satisfy multilateral interest appeal has not been formed yet despite the rapid growth of digital services trade. Using the panel data of 39 countries from 2010 to 2019, this study applied the stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the influence of five types of barriers to digital services trade on the export efficiency of digital services. The research results show that infrastructure and connectivity barriers had no significant effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The barriers to electronic transactions and other barriers that affected the trade of digital services were conducive to improving the export efficiency of digital services. In contrast, the barriers to payment systems and intellectual property rights had a restraining effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The results also show that most countries were more efficient when exporting digital services to their major trade partner countries, which indicates a demand-driven characteristic. Based on these conclusions, we propose five recommendations that are helpful to enhance the export efficiency of digital services. Full article
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14 pages, 1448 KB  
Article
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Cervical Screening in the Italian Regions: An Overview of the Current State of the Art
by Angela Bechini, Claudia Cosma, Giulia Di Pisa, Alice Fanfani, Giulia Ionita, Davide Liedl, Carla Lunetta, Linda Martorella, Silvia Mele, Lorenzo Stacchini, Gabriele Vaccaro, Ornella Zuccaro, Stefano Valente, Gian Marco Prandi, Paolo Bonanni and Sara Boccalini
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050504 - 7 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5724
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and HPV-related cancers can be prevented through vaccinations and mass cervical screening programmes. The Ministry of Health in Italy provides recommendations on primary and secondary prevention of HPV-related diseases, but the 19 Italian regions and 2 autonomous provinces [...] Read more.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and HPV-related cancers can be prevented through vaccinations and mass cervical screening programmes. The Ministry of Health in Italy provides recommendations on primary and secondary prevention of HPV-related diseases, but the 19 Italian regions and 2 autonomous provinces have organisational and decision-making autonomy, with differences in the strategies for offering prevention. The aim of this study is to describe the HPV vaccination and cervical screening offered in all Italian regions. Regional official documents up until 31 December 2021 were first identified. Subsequently, primary and secondary prevention experts from each region were interviewed to validate the previously collected data. The National Immunisation Plan (NIP) 2017–2019 recommends HPV vaccination from the age of 11 for both sexes, with a coverage target of 95%. HPV vaccination is offered free of charge or co-payment. All regions have screening programmes for cervical cancer, using PAP or HPV-DNA tests every three to five years. All regions have an electronic registry for vaccination and screening status. All regions have developed awareness-raising campaigns. It is important to harmonise regional policies with the implementation of information systems integration. The collected data could enhance both regional and national public health initiatives, bolstering the resilience of vaccination programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Strategies for HPV-Related Cancers)
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11 pages, 1101 KB  
Article
Account Information and Payment Initiation Services and the Related AML Obligations in the Law of the European Union
by Michał Grabowski
FinTech 2024, 3(1), 173-183; https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech3010011 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3297
Abstract
The Second Payment Services Directive introduced new services into the European Union legal system—Payment Initiation and Account Information Services. These services are based on payment accounts already opened and maintained for customers by the Account Servicing Payment Service Provider (bank, payment institution, electronic [...] Read more.
The Second Payment Services Directive introduced new services into the European Union legal system—Payment Initiation and Account Information Services. These services are based on payment accounts already opened and maintained for customers by the Account Servicing Payment Service Provider (bank, payment institution, electronic money institution). The Account Services Payment Service provider performs AML/CFT verification of the account holder and applies customer due diligence measures to the account holder, such as identifying beneficial owners, obtaining information on the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship, and ongoing monitoring of the business relationship. Payment Initiation and Account Information services are therefore provided to a previously verified client and based on the payment account currently maintained for him. European Union law does not clearly specify whether a Third-Party Service Provider offering Payment Initiation or Account Information Services is obliged to re-apply financial security measures to customers. The aim of this article was to perform a legal analysis of the regulations and soft law acts in force in the European Union and to answer the question. The purposive (teleological) and linguistic–logical (grammatical) methods of interpretation of regulations were used for the analysis. The structure of the legal system of the European Union as a civil law (code law) system was taken into account. This article shows that in the current legal situation, there is no doubt that Third-Party Service Providers are obliged entities in terms of AML/CFT law and are obliged to apply the AML/CFT to customers using Payment Initiation and Account Information services. However, the degree to which customer due diligence measures have to be applied varies depending on the adopted model of providing Payment Initiation and Account Information services. Third-Party Service Providers will be obliged to apply financial security measures in cases where the relationship between the customer and the service providers will have a continuing character. In the case of occasional provision of services, when the transaction value does not exceed a certain threshold, the supplier may only perform simplified customer verification. In particular, this applies to Payment Initiation service models, where the Payment Initiation Service Provider works for merchants, enabling them to accept payments for goods and services sold. In such a model, the Service Provider has a continuous relationship with the merchant but only performs an occasional transaction for the user. The analysis also allowed for the conclusion that European Union law, including that in the draft phase, does not regulate in a sufficiently precise manner when a given model of Account Services and Payment Initiation Services may be treated as based on an occasional transaction. This made it possible to formulate a de lege ferenda request to include this issue in the proposal for an EU Regulation on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing. Full article
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26 pages, 3640 KB  
Review
Exploring the Landscape of Smart Tourism: A Systematic Bibliometric Review of the Literature of the Internet of Things
by Albérico Travassos Rosário and Joana Carmo Dias
Adm. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14020022 - 23 Jan 2024
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 11875
Abstract
This study explores the transformative impact of IoT technologies on smart tourism, striving to boost operational efficiency and enrich the traveler experience. Using a systematic literature review with bibliometric analysis, we examined a sample of 83 studies indexed in SCOPUS to identify research [...] Read more.
This study explores the transformative impact of IoT technologies on smart tourism, striving to boost operational efficiency and enrich the traveler experience. Using a systematic literature review with bibliometric analysis, we examined a sample of 83 studies indexed in SCOPUS to identify research activity on this topic until November 2023. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including big data, smart sensors, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, wearables, mobile applications, augmented reality, and virtual reality, establishes the foundation of the IoT-enabled smart tourism ecosystem. These innovations bring distinct capabilities, from facilitating data collection with embedded sensor technologies to using cloud computing for essential services like data storage and analytics. Examining various IoT applications in smart tourism, such as recommender systems, smart cities, payment systems, and electronic ticketing, reveals their positive effects on safety, efficiency, and personalized services. However, challenges like security, privacy, software complexity, scalability, and interoperability necessitate robust measures. This study identifies future research directions, including enhancing security and privacy, exploring blockchain integration, investigating edge computing, and improving interactions between tourists and smart tourism systems. These endeavors aim to address challenges and seize opportunities, fostering innovative solutions for the evolving needs of the tourism industry in a technologically advanced landscape. Full article
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11 pages, 445 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Cloud-Based Payment Systems in Australia: How Security Affects Consumer Satisfaction
by Domingos Mondego and Ergun Gide
Eng. Proc. 2023, 55(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023055089 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
Over the past years, online payments or cloud-based payments have significantly increased around the globe. Cloud-based payment systems (CBPS) are more involved in the payment process due to their convenience and flexibility. Although CBPS offers obvious benefits, their adoption rates among Australian users [...] Read more.
Over the past years, online payments or cloud-based payments have significantly increased around the globe. Cloud-based payment systems (CBPS) are more involved in the payment process due to their convenience and flexibility. Although CBPS offers obvious benefits, their adoption rates among Australian users are comparatively lower compared to those in other countries. People are dissatisfied with current payment methods or are unaware of the advantages of CBPS. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, a qualitative research method was applied through semi-structured interviews to collect data from 20 consumers in Australia. The findings pointed out an appreciation for security features such as two-factor authentication and cutting-edge technologies. The banks were trusted by Australians, but a lack of education and additional fees on digital payment platforms were sources of concern. In the context of CBPS, it was observed that electronic devices were easy to use and proved to be useful. Service providers need to improve security measures and implement innovative technologies to enhance user privacy and prevent fraudulent activities. Overall, Australians expressed satisfaction with their banks; however, there are opportunities for enhancement, particularly in bolstering security measures and providing education on emerging payments options. Full article
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14 pages, 5909 KB  
Communication
The Design of a Circularly Polarized Antenna Array with Flat-Top Beam for an Electronic Toll Collection System
by Tianfan Xu, Mengchi Xu and Xiao Cai
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9388; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239388 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Electronic toll collection (ETC), known as a non-stop toll collection system which can automatically realize payment by setting the identification antenna at the entrance, is always suffering from information exchange interruption caused by beam switching. A circularly polarized sector beam antenna array operating [...] Read more.
Electronic toll collection (ETC), known as a non-stop toll collection system which can automatically realize payment by setting the identification antenna at the entrance, is always suffering from information exchange interruption caused by beam switching. A circularly polarized sector beam antenna array operating at 5.8 GHz with flat-top coverage is proposed, based on the weighted constrained method of the maximum power transmission efficiency (WCMMPTE). By setting the test receiving antennas at the specific angles of the ETC antenna array to be designed, constraints on the received power are introduced to control the radiation pattern and obtain the optimized distribution of excitations for antenna elements. A 1-to-16 feeding network, based on the microstrip transmission line theory is designed to feed a 4 × 4 antenna array. Simulation results show that the half-power beamwidth covers an angular range of −30° to 30° while the axial ratio is below 3dB, which meets the ETC requirements. Furthermore, the gain fluctuation among the needed range of −30° to 30° is lower than 0.7 dB, which is suitable for the ETC system to achieve a stable signal strength and uninterrupted communication. Full article
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22 pages, 552 KB  
Article
Electronic Payment Behaviors of Consumers under Digital Transformation in Finance—A Case Study of Third-Party Payments
by Lan-Hui Lin, Feng-Chen Lin, Chih-Kang Lien, Tung-Chin Yang, Yao-Kai Chuang and Yi-Wen Hsu
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080346 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 8163
Abstract
In the digital era, new financial technologies and big data are accelerating the development of financial transactions. With the rise of e-commerce transactions, the financial industry has come to recognize that banking as a service can be seamlessly integrated into any scenario, thanks [...] Read more.
In the digital era, new financial technologies and big data are accelerating the development of financial transactions. With the rise of e-commerce transactions, the financial industry has come to recognize that banking as a service can be seamlessly integrated into any scenario, thanks to disruptive innovation driven by electronic and third-party payments. This study aims to examine the consumer acceptance of third-party payment systems offered by electronic payment platforms for e-commerce, as well as their continued usage in the context of digital transformation in finance. This study employed the questionnaire survey method, and it distributed questionnaires to consumers who have used third-party payment systems. A total of 332 valid questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that user acceptance of innovative technologies and various external variables (e.g., the user’s external environment, internal characteristics, and information system quality) were significantly positively correlated with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention regarding the electronic payment behaviors of consumers. Based on the empirical results, this study proposes important managerial implications for the financial industry and e-commerce platforms in promoting electronic payment innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Financial Technology and Innovation)
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