Search Results (1,774)

Grafting and foliar calcium application are common practices for improving vegetable crops, but their interactions in soil and soilless cultivation systems are not well understood. To address these knowledge gaps for sustainable greenhouse cucumber production, this study investigated the effects of calcium foliar application (control, 200 mg/L as nano-CaCO₃ or CaCl₂) and grafting (no grafting, grafting on Ganate rootstock or Routpower rootstock) on the growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber cv. Saba in soil and soilless systems. It should be noted that the two cultivation systems differed in several management factors (pot size, substrate, irrigation frequency, and fertilization method), and this study compares complete production packages rather than isolating individual factors. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a factorial design with four replications. The results showed that the cultivation system was the dominant factor. Soilless cultivation significantly increased shoot fresh weight (307–344 g), plant height (265–326 cm), number of fruits (36–54 per plant), and fruit yield (2.7–4.5 kg per plant) compared to soil cultivation (shoot fresh weight: 177–216 g; yield: 0.4–1.0 kg per plant). Conversely, plants grown in soil had higher leaf dry weight percentage, root dry weight percentage, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The effects of grafting were system dependent, with non-grafted plants performing as well or better in soilless culture, while grafted plants (especially Saba/Routpower combination) showed some soil-based advantages, including greater root length. Foliar calcium did not significantly improve most parameters, indicating that standard nutrient management provided sufficient calcium or that the 200 mg/L concentration was insufficient. Under the conditions tested, ungrafted plants grown without foliar calcium supplementation in soilless culture achieved yields comparable to more complex treatments, suggesting a simpler and more cost-effective production strategy. Full article

Wet cooling towers are widely used for low-energy thermal management and ventilation support; however, high-fidelity simulations are computationally expensive for large design studies. This work develops a physics-based static reduced-order model for a two-dimensional axisymmetric counterflow wet cooling tower derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations coupled with a user-defined source-term formulation for heat and mass transfer in the fill region. A design of experiments based on advanced Latin hypercube sampling generated 210 configurations, of which 168 valid simulations were retained. The active inputs included tower diameter, fill height, inlet air mass flow rate, inlet air temperature, inlet humidity ratio, inlet water mass flow rate, and inlet water temperature, while the cooling range and evaporation rate were selected as target outputs. Five surrogate families were compared by cross-validation. Kriging was statistically most accurate, with $R_{CV}^2$ values of 0.9999 and 0.9998 for the cooling range and evaporation rate, respectively. Second-order quadratic polynomial models were selected as the engineering reduced order model (ROM) because they capture non-linear boundary curvatures with accuracy, achieving $R_{CV}^2\ge 0.9989$ and root mean square errors of 0.0426 K and 0.00042 kg/s while preserving an explicit, directly implementable algebraic form. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the inlet water temperature and air mass flow rate are dominant factors within the sampled domain. Full article

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have become an important structural configuration for deep-water offshore wind energy development. However, existing studies have mainly focused on towing experience for conventional offshore structures and static stability assessment, while a systematic understanding of the multi-body coupled dynamic response characteristics and hazardous response factors of large-scale FOWTs under combined wind, wave, and current loads remains limited. To address the insufficient understanding of critical hazardous response indicators in existing studies, a 10 MW semi-submersible floating wind turbine was investigated in this study. Variations in environmental loads, towline constraints, and FOWT responses during towing were incorporated into a multi-body coupled analysis framework, and the key hazardous response indicators governed by different dominant environmental factors were identified. The results indicate that increasing wind speed significantly amplifies the pitch response, with the extreme pitch angle reaching approximately −7.17° under the 24 m/s wind condition. Variations in current velocity have limited influence on response amplitudes. Wave height has the most pronounced effect on heave motion and nacelle acceleration. Under the 6.5 m wave height condition, their extreme values reach approximately −1.37 m and 1.15 m/s², respectively. Under the single-tug towing configuration, the 45° and 90° environmental directions induce pronounced lateral and yaw offsets, indicating insufficient path-keeping capability under unfavorable environmental directions. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that pitch motion should be regarded as the primary hazardous response indicator under high wind speed conditions, while nacelle acceleration and heave motion require particular attention under high wave height conditions. Full article

Near-fault pulse-like ground motions produce coupled intensity, duration, and period-matching effects, making nonlinear seismic assessment of multi-ribbed composite slab structures (MCSS) computationally expensive and difficult to generalize. To address this problem, a 4000-case OpenSees nonlinear time-history analysis (NLTHA) database is generated from Wenchuan ground motions through Latin hypercube sampling, and a mechanically informed feature-enhanced deep neural network (MIFE-DNN, previously denoted as PE-DNN in the first submission) is trained using equivalent stiffness, equivalent yield strength, mass proxy, demand-capacity ratios, period-matching ratio, normalized duration, and energy-capacity proxy; a validation-weighted stacked surrogate is further constructed from multi-seed MIFE-DNN and residual learners. On the independent test set, the mean $R^2$ increases from 0.9645 for the ordinary deep neural network (DNN) and 0.9686 for the single MIFE-DNN to 0.9782 for the stacked mechanically informed surrogate, while the maximum inter-story drift-ratio $R^2$ reaches 0.9541. Additional checks include 16 active-learning OpenSees enrichment cases, 12 analyses under two external near-fault records, 3 out-of-domain parameter cases, 100 cross-story tests, SHAP-based interpretation, and multi-EDP fragility post-processing. These checks show that the surrogate is reliable for interpolation and screening within the calibrated equivalent-model domain, but direct OpenSees recalculation is required for boundary, out-of-domain, and cross-configuration use. Parameter-importance, SHAP, and fragility analyses identify peak ground acceleration (PGA), pulse index, period matching, rib height, rib spacing, and damping ratio as dominant factors, indicating that mechanically informed feature-enhanced surrogate modeling provides an interpretable and efficient tool for MCSS response prediction and conditional fragility assessment within the sampled structural and ground-motion domain. Full article

Sweet potato is China’s fifth largest staple crop, yet its mechanized harvesting level has long been low, severely constraining industrial development. This paper reviews mechanized sweet potato harvesting technology, covering industrial status, core devices, equipment characteristics, and challenges. Cultivation exhibits a three-region pattern—northern starch-type, southern fresh-market, and the middle-lower Yangtze—with marked differences in ridge spacing (800–1200 mm), soil types (sand to clay), and plastic mulching. Current general-purpose harvesters lack regional adaptability. Technically, vine handling is hindered by intertwined vines and fibrous roots, creating trade-offs between stubble height and collection; digging shovels are evolving towards bionic drag reduction, but quantitative relationships among soil, shovel geometry, and tuber damage remain theoretically unsupported; elevator-chain soil−tuber separators dominate, yet the trade-off between efficiency and tuber integrity is especially acute in clay soils. In intelligence, domestic mass-produced machines are mostly mechanical, with electro-hydraulic depth control, vision-based row following, and blockage monitoring largely at prototype stages. Industrially, segmented harvesting still prevails, combined harvester adoption lags behind developed countries, and R&D investment and extension services are insufficient. This paper proposes region-specific equipment development, low-damage separation, phased introduction of intelligent technologies, and strengthened policy coordination, aiming to provide a reference for sweet potato harvester R&D. Full article

Clarifying how vegetation restoration regulates wind erosion, sediment redistribution, and soil improvement is essential for ecological management in desert photovoltaic power stations. This study was conducted in a high-clearance flexible-support photovoltaic power station at the edge of the Kubuqi Desert. Three restoration measures were compared: reed mulch combined with Atriplex canescens planting along the panel front edge (M1), A. canescens planting along the panel front edge alone (M2), and reed mulch combined with grass seeding (M3). The panel front-edge zone (QY), under-panel zone (BX), and pedestal zone (JZ) were used as functional units to analyze surface sediment grain-size characteristics, soil moisture, soil nutrients, windbreak efficiency, aerodynamic roughness length, and cumulative sand-fixing efficiency. All restoration measures altered the surface sediment structure, with Mz ranging from 2.005 to 2.364 and D₀ from 1.459 to 1.935. Soil moisture ranged from 0.58% to 4.34%, with the highest value occurring in the 20–30 cm layer of QY under M1. M1 also showed higher soil organic matter in QY and JZ, reaching 1.87 and 1.16 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. Windbreak efficiency decreased with height under all measures. M1 maintained the highest and most stable values, decreasing only from 61.16% at 10 cm to 55.52% at 100 cm. The total cumulative sand-fixing efficiency was also highest under M1 (233.66%), while M2 (215.05%) and M3 (214.58%) showed comparable total effects but different zonal responses. Wind-eroded materials shifted from fine-sand dominance toward a higher relative contribution of medium sand, reflecting the reduction in finer transported fractions rather than true grain coarsening. The novelty of this study lies in linking wind-erodible sediment redistribution, soil water and nutrient responses, and windbreak–sand-fixing performance across internal functional zones of a flexible-support photovoltaic array. These results indicate that vegetation restoration in desert photovoltaic power stations should be configured by functional zone, with composite interception at the panel front edge, structural maintenance in the under-panel zone, and cover-based sand trapping in deposition-prone areas. Full article

Cloud and quality screening removes approximately 65% of daily TROPOMI tropospheric NO₂ pixels, creating structured data gaps that coincide with meteorological conditions driving pollution extremes. Standard gap-filling methods—kriging, Random Forests and other machine learning methods—act as statistical smoothers that systematically suppress extreme concentrations and ignore the Missing Not At Random (MNAR) character of cloud-induced missingness. Here we present a physically informed framework that treats urban NO₂ as a forced nonlinear dynamical system and reconstructs missing satellite observations through geometric navigation on a shadow manifold rather than statistical interpolation. The framework integrates five components: (i) Multivariate State-Space Reconstruction (MSSR) using multiview embeddings of continuous ground-based NO₂, O₃, and ERA5 meteorology, grounded in Stark’s forced-system embedding theorem; (ii) Short-Time Regime-Conditioned Convergent Cross Mapping (ST-RC-CCM) with a spatial-mismatch negative control for falsifiable causal validation; (iii) Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) to correct the clear-sky sampling bias; (iv) trajectory-matrix denoising via Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Robust PCA; (v) topology-inspired fidelity metrics—Manifold Overlap Ratio (MOR) and Dynamic Trend Capture (DTC)—that penalize smoothing artefacts. The physical basis for this coupling is the shared dynamical history of surface and column NO₂: tropospheric NO₂ has a photochemical lifetime of 1–4 h near urban emission sources, comparable to the boundary layer mixing timescale, ensuring that surface and column concentrations are jointly governed by the same emission–photolysis–transport attractor. The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), solar zenith angle (SZA), and surface O₃—all included as MSSR coordinates—are the dominant physical drivers of the instantaneous surface-to-column scaling, and their joint trajectory in state space constitutes the physically grounded basis for analogue selection. The framework is validated on a synthetic forced Lorenz-96 system, then applied to five European primary cities spanning contrasting regimes (Sofia, Milano, Stuttgart, Kraków, Hamburg) plus five N1 spatial-mismatch control stations (Plovdiv, Genova, Frankfurt, Warszawa, Berlin)—ten urban-background stations across four countries—with structured ablations (A0-A4V-A4K). Across >3600 evaluations, MOR_ext distributions for EDM and non-EDM methods are non-overlapping by a factor exceeding 5× (EDM minimum 0.59 vs. non-EDM maximum 0.10; median non-EDM MOR_ext ≤ 0.05 at every city × mask combination), while EDM achieves MOR_ext up to 0.915 (Milano Po Valley). Under a fair-comparison benchmark that withholds ground-level NO₂ from Random Forest, EDM’s RMSE advantage remains robust at a median of 3.9× (RF_FULL) and increases to 4.2× (RF_METEO), confirming that the performance gap is physical rather than an information artefact. A three-level temporal validation—within-window pseudo-cloud masking, cross-year transfer (full 2022 holdout and DJF 2023/24), and a COVID-19 out-of-distribution test—demonstrates robustness beyond standard train/test splits, with CCM library-length convergence confirmed for 60/60 ablations (p < 0.001) across all ten stations. Spatial-mismatch tests confirm local dynamical specificity at all five primary–control pairs (Δρ = 0.090–0.210), with seasonal modulation driven by orographic and synoptic mechanisms. These results establish manifold-based gap filling as a dynamically informative complement to statistical approaches, particularly in topographically confined, stagnation-prone basins where preserving extreme-event geometry is essential for exposure assessment. Full article

Efficient thermal management of high-power electronic components has become a critical engineering challenge as power densities grow and device geometries shrink. Conventional solutions based on passive heatsinks and mechanical fans are increasingly inadequate in applications where noise, reliability, and compactness are paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation of ionic wind—an Electro Hydro Dynamic (EHD) phenomenon in which a corona discharge between asymmetric electrodes generates a directed airflow without any moving part—as an energy-efficient alternative for cooling high-power electronics. A fully coupled 2D Multiphysics model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, integrating electrostatics, ion transport (Nernst–Planck), Navier–Stokes fluid dynamics, and convective heat transfer. The 2D formulation, while computationally efficient and consistent with prior EHD modeling studies, neglects lateral jet spreading inherent to a real three-dimensional needle configuration and is therefore expected to overestimate peak impingement velocities; quantitative comparisons with experimental temperatures are interpreted with this limitation in mind. The study focuses on a needle–collector configuration applied to a heated aluminum plate representative of a high-power electronic component such as a Light Emitting Diode (LED), a power transistor, or a microprocessor die. Simulation results are indirectly validated against experimental data obtained by Schlieren optics on a high-power (Chip-On-Board) COB LED system. The ionic wind reduces the maximum surface temperature by 8.1 K and substantially attenuates the central hotspot, redistributing heat laterally. A systematic parametric study reveals that applied voltage and needle height above the heat source are the dominant design parameters, while an energy balance shows that the EHD jet directly evacuates approximately 1.8% of the generated heat—acting primarily as a surface convection enhancer rather than a bulk heat extractor. These findings provide quantitative design guidelines applicable to any power electronic component cooled by an EHD system. Full article

The NIOSH Lifting Equation is widely used to evaluate manual material handling tasks by identifying lifting risk through load reduction multipliers based on task geometry. However, while it provides a means of classifying risk, it does not estimate spinal forces and therefore cannot quantify the biomechanical load experienced at the lumbar spine. In contrast, biomechanical simulations can estimate spinal compression with high fidelity, but they require motion capture systems and specialized software that are not practical for most workplace assessments. This study aimed to bridge these approaches by developing a family of mixed-effect statistical models that predict L4/L5 spinal compression forces using the geometric parameters of the NIOSH framework combined with posture-specific biomechanical descriptors at peak-loading poses extracted from digital simulations. Data were aggregated from multiple experimental lifting studies in which standardized NIOSH parameters and corresponding spinal compression forces were obtained through validated digital human modeling. Mixed-effects regression was used to establish the relationship between task geometry, joint posture, load weight, and spinal compression. The resulting predictive equation demonstrated strong agreement with simulation-derived forces and effectively captured the contributions of subject, task and body positioning to the spinal compression force across diverse lifting tasks. Importantly, the variance structure of the model’s coefficients allows the contribution of risk to be attributed either to task-related factors or to subject-specific movement behaviors, reinforcing the safety relevance of the framework. Horizontal reach, vertical hand height, and load magnitude emerged as dominant predictors, with trunk posture providing additional explanatory power. The model offers ergonomists a practical, biomechanics-informed tool that extends the descriptive capacity of the NIOSH framework by enabling direct estimation of spinal compression forces without the need for full biomechanical simulations. Full article

Recurrent and increasingly severe flooding along the Wabi Shabelle River—displacing approximately 184,000 people from Beledweyne, central Somalia, in the 2020 Gu season alone—has made in situ reconstruction untenable and planned resettlement a central adaptation option. Site selection in this agropastoral context must simultaneously avoid the riparian flood corridor and preserve access to the river as the dominant livelihood resource. We develop a transparent, reproducible GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process–Weighted Linear Combination (AHP–WLC) framework over a 30 × 30 km region of interest at 30 m resolution. A hard safety mask (Height Above Nearest Drainage > 5 m and slope < 5°) is combined with six normalised criteria, including a non-monotonic, piecewise river-livelihood score, using literature-anchored AHP weights (consistency ratio CR = 0.004). Seven initial criteria were pre-screened with Pearson, Spearman and Variance Inflation Factor diagnostics (maximum |r| = 0.52, maximum VIF = 1.44), removing a perfectly collinear services-distance layer before weighting. Robustness was confirmed by a ±10% one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis with targeted river-weight and HAND-threshold tests, all criteria remaining very robust (|Δ| < 5%). The composite identifies 12,723 ha (14.3%) as highly suitable, resolving into 113 operationally meaningful candidate sites (≥5 ha; 95.6% of the highly suitable area). Candidate areas sufficient to absorb the 2020 displacement land demand (552–1104 ha) lie within 6 km of the city centre. The framework offers an operational, defensible foundation for resettlement planning in flood-exposed agropastoral cities of the Horn of Africa. Full article

Affected by moisture cohesion, wet rice seeds exhibit poor flowability and frequent arching blockage during silo discharging, which seriously restricts stable grain storage and conveying. To address this issue and reveal its intrinsic flow mechanism, this study establishes a discrete element method (DEM) model for wet rice seed-silo systems adopting the Hertz-Mindlin with Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact model, which incorporates surface energy to reflect moisture-induced cohesive effects. The model is verified via physical silo discharge tests, with consistent flow patterns, wall pressure error below 3.7% and discharge time error of 2.14%. EDEM parametric simulations are conducted to analyze velocity fluctuation at different silo heights. Coordination number and normalized contact force distribution are adopted to assess micro-contact force distribution in discharge areas, and a force chain extraction algorithm is used to explore variations in force chain length and orientation. Results demonstrate that during discharge, average particle velocity drops from silo bottom to top with growing fluctuation amplitude, presenting obvious stratified flow and intense upper-layer velocity pulsation. Weak contacts dominate wet rice seed groups and conform to exponential decay distribution. The force chain network undergoes three evolution phases: formation, force arch generation and collapse. Quantitative analysis reveals long force chain proportion falls steadily from 81.40% to 3.68% throughout discharge. Short force chains rise to 60.54% in the arch-forming stage and reach 96.32% after arch collapse. Horizontal force chains account for a maximum of 71.09% during arch formation, while vertical ones decline from 99.52% initially to 61.57% post collapse. This research offers mechanical references and quantitative parameters for the design and operation of silos for wet granular farm grains like rice seeds, and is particularly relevant to post-harvest engineering, grain storage safety, and agricultural machinery design. Full article

Water influx calculations in high-permeability sandstone gas reservoirs often overlook the contributions of dissolved gas evolution and residual gas expansion within the aquifer. To address this limitation, a novel material-balance-based water influx model is developed for confined gas reservoirs. The model comprehensively integrates six physical mechanisms: gas-zone pore volume contraction, irreducible water expansion, aquifer water expansion, aquifer pore contraction, residual gas expansion, and dissolved gas evolution. A dimensionless water influx intensity type-curve and an analytical expression for component-wise water influx are derived, enabling quantitative decomposition of the contribution from each driving mechanism. The proposed method is applied to 11 production wells in the W Gas Field. Water influx is identified using three approaches—production performance analysis, the apparent reservoir pressure method, and the multi-factor type-curve method—and the calculated water influx volumes are systematically compared. Results show that the production performance method can only detect wells with a strong water influx response. The apparent reservoir pressure method yields physically unreasonable negative water influx values in confined gas reservoirs, indicating limited applicability. In contrast, the proposed model agrees well with the type-curve method, with relative errors below 10%. Component-wise calculations reveal that during early development, aquifer water expansion and aquifer pore contraction together account for over 60% of the total water influx, dominating the process. As reservoir pressure declines continuously, the contribution of dissolved gas evolution increases substantially, exceeding 30% in the middle-to-late development stage and becoming a non-negligible factor. Based on the component-wise water influx results, aquifer drive energy and activity are evaluated using the water-drive index and the water influx constant. Gas Group IV and the Lower Gas Group I exhibit “strong water drive + active” characteristics. Furthermore, gas–water contact rise height and advancement distance are calculated using both the volumetric method and a pore volume iteration method that accounts for actual structural geometry. The volumetric method systematically overestimates results by 15–30%, whereas the structural geometry-based method provides higher accuracy. According to the rise magnitude, the study area is classified into high-, moderate-, and low-risk water breakthrough zones. Wells A3H and A8 in Gas Group IV exhibit the highest risk, with rise magnitudes of 30.19% and 37.75%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for water influx performance prediction and differentiated water-control development in analogous high-permeability sandstone gas reservoirs. Full article

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a serious challenge for signal integrity (SI) in modern high-speed digital systems. With the technology scaling down into nanometric CMOS technologies and lowering supply voltage, EMI induced signal integrity effects are becoming more significant compared to voltage margins. This work presents experimental results of controlled RF interference affecting the eye diagrams of the CMOS inverter. The test circuits were fabricated in 65 nm, 130 nm, and 180 nm CMOS technologies. A dedicated measurement methodology has been developed to inject RF to the supply node and to capture both time domain and eye diagram signals to visualize EMI effects. Unlike previous works that analyzed effects of channel-induced impairments or presented simulation results on EMI effects, we present an experimental evaluation of the impact of EMI on circuit functionality. Experimental results reveal that EMI predominantly modulates the logic-high amplitude, leading to progressive eye closure. The eye height decreases monotonically with increasing RF injection power across all investigated technology nodes, whereas the logic-low level remains comparatively stable. This behavior indicates that the dominant degradation mechanism is consistent across technologies and is primarily governed by the conduction state of the CMOS inverter. To illustrate the degradation caused by EMI, a compact, analytical expression for the reduction of the eye height is derived. The reduction is given as a function of the RF interference amplitude and expressed through a technology-dependent scaling parameter. Good agreement is observed between the analytical model predictions and experimental measurements for varying interference amplitudes and different technology generations, with an average absolute prediction error below 2%. Results are presented to demonstrate eye height as a sensitive and reliable metric of EMI susceptibility. Additionally, a practical framework for rapid estimation of signal degradation is presented for high-speed digital systems operating in complex electromagnetic environments. Full article

Background and Clinical Significance: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal-dominant connective-tissue disorder caused by pathogenic FBN1 variants. Aortic-root dilation and dissection are the canonical complications, whereas spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is described only sporadically. Yet, cerebrovascular events are several-fold more common in MFS, and up to 74% of patients exhibit increased vertebral artery tortuosity, a validated predictor of dissection; Case Presentation: A 32-year-old African man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, and headaches labelled as migraine presented with acute agitation, visual disturbance, vertigo, dysarthria, and right-sided weakness of two hours’ duration. Examination disclosed previously unrecognised marfanoid stigmata: arachnodactyly with positive wrist and thumb signs, reduced upper-to-lower segment ratio, increased arm-span-to-height ratio, dolichocephaly, pectus excavatum, and a high-arched palate. Non-contrast CT showed left occipital and posterior inferior cerebellar hypodensities. CT angiography demonstrated discontinuous intraluminal filling defects in the left vertebral artery at C4 and C2, and MR angiography confirmed long-segment occlusion/stenosis of the intracranial left vertebral artery. Echocardiography revealed mild aortic-root dilation (4.0 cm; Z-score +2.53) and a small patent foramen ovale (PFO) with a positive bubble study. The patient received intravenous thrombolysis followed by antiplatelet therapy, a high-intensity statin, antihypertensive therapy, and intensified glycaemic control. Because the infarct territory matched the dissected vessel and the small PFO carried no high-risk features (RoPE score 6; PASCAL category “unlikely”), VAD was designated the culprit lesion and the PFO incidental; Conclusions: Spontaneous VAD may be the inaugural manifestation of unrecognised MFS, antedating aortic complications. In young adults with cryptogenic posterior-circulation stroke and marfanoid features, early cervical imaging and Ghent assessment are warranted, and a coexistent PFO should not be assumed causal. Multidisciplinary evaluation supports accurate attribution and surveillance. Full article

The accurate determination of chlorophyll a (Chl a) is often limited by the instability of conventional fluorescence height algorithms in algal bloom waters characterized by diverse phytoplankton morphology and red-shifted reflectance peaks. In this study, we propose the Normalized Dynamic Fluorescence Height (NDFH) as a novel hyperspectral algorithm for assessing sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Using in situ bio-optical data and multi-source satellite observations (Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) onboard ZY-1E, Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) onboard ISS, and Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) onboard PACE), NDFH was evaluated and compared with existing algorithms, such as the normalized Fluorescence Line Height, Cyanobacterial Index (CI), and Maximum Algal Line Height (MALH). The results show that NDFH has robust exponential correlations with Chl a concentrations in inland waters and can reliably detect fluorescence peak band shifts in bloom-dominated environments. Case studies in Lake Taihu confirm that NDFH is more effective at delineating bloom extent and Chl a distributions than conventional methods, particularly in algae-dominated waters. These findings show the potential of NDFH for operational monitoring of eutrophication and harmful algal blooms across diverse aquatic environments. Full article