Search Results (1,454)

Background/Objectives: Bioinductive bovine collagen implants (BCI) have been introduced to enhance tendon biology and promote tissue regeneration in rotator cuff (RC) repairs. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic posterosuperior rotator cuff (psRC) repair with BCI augmentation in full-thickness tears at increased risk of retear. Methods: This case series analyzed 30 patients with psRC tears who were classified as being at high risk of failure according to a predefined set of parameters, including patient history, radiological findings and intraoperative assessments, and the presence of psRC retears. All patients subsequently underwent arthroscopic psRC repair with BCI augmentation, compromising 21 primary and 9 secondary repairs. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, and Constant score at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Tendon integrity was assessed using the Sugaya classification. Results: At 12 months, magnetic resonance imaging revealed complete tendon healing in 56.7%, partial healing in 16.7%, and insufficient healing in 26.7%. Significant improvements in SSV (45.3 to 83.5), ASES (40.6 to 77.8), and Constant score (36.6 to 71.7) were observed at 12 months postoperatively, with all outcome measures exceeding their respective minimally clinically important differences. Two patients (6.7%) developed secondary shoulder stiffness, and 1 patient (3.3%) required revision surgery for bicipital groove pain. Conclusions: Augmentation with a BCI in arthroscopic repair of high-risk psRC tears demonstrate promising short-term results. Patients achieve significant improvements in pain and shoulder function, accompanied by satisfactory tendon healing on MRI. Full article

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. The presence of deficient DNA mismatch repair and microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI) in CRC is linked to responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study investigates the impact of metformin on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes of patients with dMMR/MSI CRC treated with ICIs, aiming to better understand its potential role in enhancing ICI efficacy. Methods: Of 25,011 CRC patients in Caris database, 47 received both metformin and ICI therapy (Met-ICI group), and 475 patients received ICI therapy alone (ICI group). Samples underwent genomic or transcriptome sequencing at Caris Life Sciences. Immune cell fractions were estimated using quanTIseq. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional model. Results: The TME analysis of CRC patient samples revealed that TMB-High (≥10 mut/Mb) was more prevalent in the “ICI” group compared to the “Met-ICI” group (99.1% vs. 95.6%, p = 0.036). Mutation rates for most genes between the two groups were similar, but CIC gene mutations were more common in the “ICI” group than in the “Met-ICI” group (23.2% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in the PD-L1 positivity rate or immune checkpoint gene expression (including IDO1, IFNG, TIM3, and CTLA4). M1 macrophages and neutrophils showed the highest infiltration among immune cells. However, the fractions of infiltrated immune cells were similar between the two cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that there was no significant difference in patient survival between “ICI” and “Met-ICI” cohorts. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of real-world clinical outcomes, the concurrent use of metformin with ICIs in patients with dMMR/MSI CRC did not reveal an impact on clinical outcomes. Full article

Disorders of the Achilles tendon are common and have a major socio-economic impact. Current treatments (drugs, physiotherapy, and surgery) do not provide lasting relief, leading to chronicity and recurrence. In this context, experimental studies on regenerative therapies, such as stem cells, and natural and synthetic membranes, have shown promising results in the treatment of tendon lesions. Background/Objectives: The present study analyzes the response of tissue to a combination of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and human decellularized amniotic membrane (AM) for the treatment of Achilles tendon lesions in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into four treatment groups: SC (stem cells), AM (amniotic membrane), SC + AM (stem cells + amniotic membrane), and C (control). All underwent Achilles tendon sectioning and tenorrhaphy. In the AM and SC + AM groups, the amniotic membrane was sutured over the lesion after the tendon was sutured; in the SC and SC + AM groups, 2 mL of autologous blood from the iliac crest containing BMMCs was applied around the lesion. Animals in Group C received only 2 mL of 0.9% saline around the lesion. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the tendons were sent for histological analysis (Picrosirius Red) and immunohistochemistry (IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13). Results: Analysis of type I and type III collagen fibers showed no differences between groups. However, the SC + AM group showed the highest expressions of IL-4 and IL-13. Conclusions: IL-4 and IL-13 are cytokines known to be associated with tissue repair and organization. This suggests that the therapy associated with SC and AM is potentially beneficial in the treatment of injured Achilles tendons. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the benefits of this treatment for the function and biomechanical properties of the tendon and prove whether this association could represent a combined Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (cATMP). Such a product would contain SC and a biological membrane, providing a mechanical structure for the injured tendon and active biological cells. Another possible medical approach could be immunobiological drugs targeting IL-4 and IL-13. Full article

Background: Ovarian cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women and constitutes a major unmet medical need. A common treatment-limiting factor for ovarian cancer patients is resistance to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as olaparib. Resistance mechanisms include restoration of functional homologous recombination repair, replication fork protection, PARP1 mutations, and increased drug efflux or metabolism. Understanding these cellular and molecular mechanisms is essential for developing more effective therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Methods: In this study, patient-derived ovarian cancer cells (OC12) in which resistance to olaparib was induced by exposing the cells to increasing concentrations of the drug over multiple treatment cycles were investigated. To compare intracellular olaparib levels in sensitive and resistant cell lines, a UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify olaparib in the range of 1–300 ng/mL was developed. Results: The method was validated for selectivity, calibration curve performance, carryover, dilution integrity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and recovery in accordance with ICH M10 guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Our findings revealed no significant difference in olaparib levels between resistant and sensitive OC12 cells, excluding the involvement of efflux transporters or enhanced metabolism of olaparib in the resistant OC12 ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions: These results shift the future focus toward pharmacodynamic factors as key drivers of olaparib resistance in OC12 cells. Taken together, the developed UPLC-MS/MS analytical method can be successfully applied to quantify intracellular olaparib levels and investigate the potential contribution of drug efflux mechanisms or increased metabolic activity in cells resistant to olaparib treatment. Full article

As critical national energy arteries, long-distance large-scale cross-regional gas transmission networks are characterized by high operating pressures, extensive spatial coverage, and complex topological structures. Thus, the multi-hazard profiles threatening its safety and reliability operation differ significantly from those of local urban gas distribution networks. This research develops a resilience assessment framework capable of quantifying resistance, adaptation, and recovery capacities of such energy systems. The framework establishes performance indicator systems based on design parameters, installation environments, and construction methods for long-distance trunk pipelines and key facilities such as storage facilities. Furthermore, based on complex network theory, the size of the largest connected component and global efficiency of the transmission network are selected as core topological metrics to characterize functional scale retention and transmission efficiency under disturbances, respectively, with corresponding quantification methods proposed. A cross-regional pipeline transmission network within a representative municipal-level administrative region in China is used as a case for empirical analysis. The quantitative assessment results of pipeline and network resilience are analyzed. The research indicates that trunk pipeline resilience is significantly affected by characteristic parameters, the laying environment, and installation methods. It is notably observed that installation methods like jacking and directional drilling, used for road or river crossings, offer greater resistance than direct burial but considerably lower restoration capacity due to the complexity of both the environment and the repair processes, which increases time and cost. Moreover, simulation-based comparison of recovery strategies demonstrates that, in this case, a repair-time-prioritized strategy more effectively enhances overall adaptive capacity and restoration efficiency than a node-degree-prioritized strategy. The findings provide quantitative analytical tools and decision-support references for resilience assessment and optimization of cross-regional energy transmission networks. Full article

Background/Objectives: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries account for 9–12% of shoulder injuries, predominantly affecting young male athletes. While conservative treatment is established for Rockwood type I–II injuries and surgery is widely regarded as indicated for type V–VI, management of type III–IV injuries remains controversial. Biomechanical studies have shown superior results in combined reconstruction of the coracoclavicular and AC ligament complex, however clinical data is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether the addition of an acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction to an isolated coracoclavicular repair offers superior clinical and radiographic outcomes in the treatment of acute AC joint dislocations. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on patients with Rockwood type III–VI AC joint injuries who underwent surgical treatment between 2019 and 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: isolated CC reconstruction (group I) and combined CC and AC ligament reconstruction (group II). Clinical outcome was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score, Simple Shoulder Test, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Visual Analogue Scale) and radiographic evaluations were performed regularly up to 6 months postoperatively. Results: Fifty-five patients (94.5% male, mean age 33.5 ± 10.9 years) were included in the present study. High patient satisfaction (group I: ASES 96.3 ± 7.9, SST 99.2 ± 3.3, SANE 95.3 ± 7.0; group II: ASES 95.8 ± 8.8, SST 96.8 ± 8.2, SANE 93.6 ± 12.8) was documented in both groups, but no significant differences were observed. The median coracoclavicular loosening ratio was 24.7% in the CC group and 32.6% in the CC and AC ligament reconstruction group (p = 0.830). Five complications occurred: two infections and three revision surgeries due to excessive secondary dislocations. Conclusions: Both surgical techniques demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes. In this study combined CC and AC ligament reconstruction did not yield superior clinical or radiological results compared to isolated coracoclavicular reconstruction. Our findings suggest that a routine AC ligament augmentation may not be necessary in all patients. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these results. Full article

Background/Objectives: Durable apical support after hysterectomy is crucial to prevent subsequent vaginal vault prolapse. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy remains the gold standard but carries risks of visceral injury and wound morbidity. The vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) approach provides a scarless, minimally invasive alternative, but data on vNOTES-assisted sacrocolpopexy (vNOTES-SC) performed concurrently with hysterectomy remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 30 women with stage II uterine prolapse underwent concomitant hysterectomy and vNOTES-assisted sacrocolpopexy between January 2023 and January 2024. Anatomical outcomes were evaluated using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. The primary endpoint was anatomical success (C ≤ −1 cm); the secondary endpoint used the IUGA criterion (C < −TVL/2). Complications were graded using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, effect-size estimation, ROC analysis, logistic regression, and Spearman correlation. Results: Mean operative time was 100.2 ± 11.7 min, mean blood loss 155.3 ± 74.8 mL, and mean hospital stay 1.5 ± 0.7 days. Significant improvements were seen in Aa, Ba, C, and Bp points (p < 0.001). Anatomical success (C ≤ −1 cm) was achieved in 73.3% and clinical success in 93.3% of patients. Two patients exhibited anatomical recurrence (6.7%), whereas one patient reported symptomatic recurrence (3.3%). Using the IUGA definition, anatomical success increased to 83.3%. The difference between strict success (C ≤ −1 cm) and IUGA success (C < −TVL/2) reflects definitional sensitivity, particularly in post-hysterectomy vaginal length. All complications were minor (Grade I–II). ROC analysis showed age as a weak predictor (AUC = 0.67). Effect sizes were large for apical and anterior compartments (Cohen’s d = 1.84 for C-point). Conclusions: Concomitant hysterectomy with vNOTES-assisted sacrocolpopexy is a feasible, safe, and effective scarless approach for apical support restoration. The procedure provides significant anatomical correction and rapid recovery with low morbidity. Patients had symptomatic stage II prolapse with risk factors for early failure after native-tissue repair, supporting the selection of sacrocolpopexy for durable apical support. Larger prospective trials are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and functional outcomes. Full article

Surgical castration, a common practice in animal husbandry, raises animal welfare concerns and adversely affects growth performance. Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) provides a non-surgical alternative. Both methods ultimately suppress sex hormone production, but their comparative effects on the gut microbiota, a crucial regulator of host health and metabolism, remain unclear. Here, 60 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into three groups—control (n = 20; 10 female and 10 male), surgical castration (n = 20; 10 female and 10 male), and GnRH immunocastration groups (n = 20; 10 female and 10 male)—at 4–5 weeks of age to comparatively investigate the impacts of surgical versus GnRH immunocastration on the gut microbiota. Our study demonstrated GnRH immunocastration significantly reduced gonadal weight, effectively suppressing gonadal development to a level comparable to surgical castration. However, the two methods induced distinct, sex-dependent shifts in the gut microbiota. Surgical castration reduced the gut microbial community diversity, whereas the community structure of GnRH immunocastrated rats more closely resembled that of the control group, indicating a milder impact on the microbial diversity and composition. Notably, GnRH immunocastration resulted in higher microbial alpha diversity than surgical castration in both female and male SD rats. Specific bacterial genera, such as Clostridia_UCG014, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG006, were similarly altered in both surgical castration and GnRH immunocastration female SD rats, while Intestinimonas and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae_UCG004 were concurrently changed in male SD rats. Conversely, Eubacterium_nodatum_group exhibited opposite responses, increasing with GnRH immunocastration but decreasing with surgical castration in male SD rats. Functional prediction revealed fundamental sex differences in microbial metabolic pathways. In females, nitrogen metabolism, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism, and mismatch repair were changed, while the pathways involved in siderophore biosynthesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), genetic information processing, and amino acid metabolism were changed in male SD rats. In conclusion, GnRH immunocastration appears to be a less disruptive intervention, better preserving microbial diversity and inducing a unique functional profile. These findings highlighted the importance of considering the castration method’s impact on the gut microbial ecosystem in animal production and provided insights for developing humane and effective approaches to animal population control. Full article

Background/Objective: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using Aorfix (Lombard Medical, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA)^TM has shown excellent outcomes, even in cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm with highly angulated aortic necks (≥60°). However, long-term outcomes for Japanese patients remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the performance of Aorfix^TM in Japanese patients with highly angulated aortic necks. Methods: Among 114 patients in whom Aorfix^TM was used for EVAR at a single institution from October 2014 to October 2021, 105 patients without rupture or infection were retrospectively reviewed. They were classified into the following two groups: those with proximal neck angulations of ≥60° and <60°. Endpoints included technical success, long-term survival, freedom from aneurysm-related mortality, and freedom from reintervention. Results: Among 105 cases reviewed, 54 and 51 had proximal neck angulations of <60° and ≥60°, respectively. The <60° and ≥60° groups had a mean neck angulation of 30.7° (median 30°, range 10–56°) and 80.3° (median 77°, range 60–110°), respectively. The ≥60° group had significantly increased operation time (p = 0.034), volume of contrast agent used during the operation (p = 0.0301), and duration of fluoroscopy during the operation (p < 0.0001); however, the rates of additional renal artery stenting, cuff placement, and access site complications did not differ between the groups. There were also no differences in the incidence of aneurysm enlargements, secondary intervention, and endoleaks incidence. Conclusions: EVAR with Aorfix^TM achieved satisfactory results in Japanese patients with severe and mild/moderate proximal neck angulation. Full article

Background: Periapical surgery is indicated for persistent periapical lesions that do not respond to conventional endodontic therapy, yet postoperative recovery is often hindered by pain, swelling, and delayed healing. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes are autologous biomaterials with regenerative potential, capable of modulating inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Methods: This preliminary randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of PRF membranes in improving postoperative outcomes—specifically pain, swelling, and quality of life—after apicoectomy. Twenty patients requiring periapical surgery were randomly allocated to a PRF group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). In the PRF group, autologous PRF membranes were applied over the resected root-end and into the osteotomy cavity before flap closure. In the control group, no PRF membranes or any additional biomaterial were applied, apart from the standard root-end filling material (MTA), which was identically used in both groups as part of the routine apicoectomy protocol. All patients were blinded to allocation, and outcomes were assessed by an independent blinded evaluator. Facial swelling was quantified by 3D facial scanning, pain was recorded daily using a visual analog scale (VAS), and quality of life was evaluated with the PROMIS-29+2 Profile. Results: The PRF group showed significantly reduced swelling (mean volume difference, 7.12 cm³; p = 0.025), lower pain scores (VAS: 1.80 ± 1.22 vs. 3.80 ± 2.44; p = 0.034), and improved quality-of-life domains, including higher Physical Function (p = 0.032) and lower Sleep Disturbance (p = 0.008) scores. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, PRF membranes enhanced postoperative recovery after periapical surgery by reducing swelling and pain while improving patient-reported outcomes. Larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS^®, Artivion Inc.) for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Methods: Between January 2021 and January 2025, all consecutive patients undergoing emergent surgery for ATAAD and hybrid aortic arch repair using the AMDS from two centers were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Patients were stratified based on 30-day or in-hospital mortality. Survival analysis was performed for patients who survived hospital discharge. Radiological evaluation focused on the presence of distal anastomotic new entries (DANEs), false lumen thrombosis, and aortic remodeling on follow-up computed tomography angiography. A total of 46 patients (12 female, mean age 66.1 ± 13.8 years) were included in the study. Results: The 30-day or in-hospital mortality rate was 21.7% (10 patients). There were no significant differences in demographic variables between survivors and non-survivors. All patients underwent hemiarch replacement with AMDS stent placement, with 54.3% also requiring aortic root replacement. Median cross-clamp time, hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) time, and time of antegrade selective cerebral perfusion did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, significant differences were observed in median cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (151 vs. 274 min, p = 0.02) and HCA temperature (27 °C vs. 25 °C, p = 0.021). Postoperatively, the non-survivor group showed a significantly higher incidence of dialysis requirement (7.7% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.02), use of mechanical circulatory support (3.9% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.01), and re-exploration for bleeding (15.4% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.023). Conclusions: The AMDS^® is an effective adjunct in hemiarch replacement for ATAAD. Moderate hypothermia and optimized perfusion were linked to better early survival, while the device reliably promoted true-lumen expansion with few DANEs. Its rapid deployment may further facilitate the use of moderate hypothermia by balancing procedural efficiency with systemic protection. Full article

Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common pathology characterized by impaired joint cartilage. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based treatments, such as stromal vascular fraction (SVF), are increasingly being used for their potential cartilage-generating capabilities; however, there is still insufficient evidence to confirm their effectiveness. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of SVF treatment in KOA in terms of pain relief. Methods: An experimental clinical trial was performed. We included adults with symptomatic KOA who attended Celular Clinic (Andorra). A laboratory-manufactured and standardized SVF product (Celstem^®) was applied to selected patients. Clinical, functional, and radiological assessments using the visual analog scale, KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), SF-36 scale, and MOCART classification (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) were performed. Variables were compared before treatment and at one, six, and twelve months after treatment. Adverse effects were reported. Results: In total, 184 patients were included in the clinical trial, 78 of whom were finally analyzed. There were statistically significant differences in both resting and activity-related pain and in all KOOS subscales after SVF treatment (p < 0.001). The quality of life also showed significant changes (p = 0.021). No significant changes were observed in MOCART values. However, a positive association was found between MOCART and cell yield. Few adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Our nonrandomized uncontrolled clinical trial showed that SVF treatment has promise to reduce pain in patients with KOA. Improvements in functionality and quality of life were also observed. Future randomized controlled trials regarding SVF versus placebo therapies will further clarify this potential. Full article

Background: Cuff reconstructions vary due to different technical approaches by suture anchor manufacturers, as well as different suture construct configurations. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to primarily compare clinical outcomes and secondarily observe cost-effectiveness by assessing suture construct configurations in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: Using a retrospective local registry, we included patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair who had been implanted with different anchor configurations and different anchor manufacturers. Data analysis was conducted via multiple linear regression, primarily evaluating the relationship between clinical scores (OSS; SSV) and suture construct configurations, to analyze, monitor, and compare the postoperative clinical development. Total surgical costs were also obtained from the clinical billing department for analysis of various factors, including Adjusted Life Years (ALYs) and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), while controlling for sex, tear severity, and age. Results: A total of 317 patients were included in the final analysis, with a mean age at surgery of 60.1 ± 10.8 years, with 58% of patients being male. According to the Gerber tear severity classification, 23% of patients had a partial tear, 59% had at least one full-thickness tear, and the remaining 18% had a massive tear. Using linear regression models, the analysis of changes in Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) as the dependent variable did not yield statistically significant results. The postoperative development of the measured clinical scores (SSV; OSS) did not show a significant difference comparing the two manufacturers (p = 0.11, p = 0.85). However, the model evaluating costs identified significant effects related to the type of anchor configuration and manufacturer. Regarding anchor configurations, utilizing anchor configuration 1 or 2 resulted in lower costs by up to CHF 254.51 compared to the reference anchor configuration 4 (p < 0.05), after controlling for age, sex, tear severity, and anchor configuration. Conclusions: The primary findings of this study indicate that although clinical outcomes are generally consistent across various rotator cuff reconstruction scenarios, while secondarily the cost implications can differ significantly and are mainly attributed to the differing numbers of anchors required for each configuration and price setting of the manufacturer. The study underscores the importance of suture construct configuration and manufacturer selection in controlling healthcare costs while maintaining quality patient care. Full article

Personalized bone implants based on additive manufacturing are gradually emerging as a significant development direction in orthopedic restoration. By precisely matching anatomical structures and the functional requirements of patients, they demonstrate notable clinical advantages. Research progress in structural design, material selection, fabrication processes, and performance evaluation has been systematically outlined around the core research chain of personalized bone implants. Personalized design methods, material selection criteria, and the applicability of different additive manufacturing processes are analyzed in detail. The performance indicators of the implant are further comprehensively evaluated. The promoting role of multi-performance materials and intelligent manufacturing technology in complex bone repair functions has been revealed. The development of artificial intelligence transforms clinical data into long-term performance prediction models, further driving in-depth research in this field. Full article

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate differences in parental satisfaction with healthcare provided to children undergoing inguinal hernia repair, comparing two organizational models of treatment: conventional hospitalization (CH) and day surgery (DS). Secondary objectives were to examine demographic characteristics, postoperative pain intensity, hospital stay duration, and clinical outcomes across groups. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, between 1 May 2024 and 1 May 2025. A total of 133 parents of children who underwent primary inguinal hernia repair completed the study questionnaire. The sample included 105 boys and 28 girls, with a median age of 5 years (IQR 3–7). Participants were assigned to either CH (n = 65) or DS (n = 68). Pain intensity was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), while parental satisfaction was assessed using the Croatian version of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Healthcare Satisfaction–Parent Report instrument. Results: Postoperative pain levels did not differ significantly between the CH and DS groups (p = 0.439). Parental satisfaction scores were high in both settings. However, CH was associated with significantly greater satisfaction in the domains of information provision (p = 0.042), family participation (p = 0.012), communication (p = 0.017), and emotional support (p = 0.031). No significant differences were observed in general satisfaction (p = 0.945), technical skills (p = 0.054), or total satisfaction scores (p = 0.055). Conclusions: Day surgery represents a safe and efficient treatment model for pediatric inguinal hernia, with comparable pain outcomes to conventional hospitalization. Although overall parental satisfaction was high in both groups, lower ratings in the DS group for communication, emotional support, and information provision highlight areas for targeted organizational and educational improvements to enhance the family experience in ambulatory pediatric surgical care. Full article