Search Results (265)

Objectives: To characterize the one-year functional, anatomical, and molecular responses to intravitreal Ranibizumab in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and to identify systemic immune and miRNA signatures associated with treatment response. Methods: This prospective longitudinal observational study included 44 treatment-naïve patients with nAMD. Patients received up to four monthly intravitreal Ranibizumab injections, followed by a treat-and-extend regimen. Best-corrected visual acuity using ETDRS letters, central retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Peripheral blood samples were collected at both time points to quantify seven circulating cytokines using an IMMULITE chemiluminescent immunoassay and to profile 37 candidate miRNAs by TaqMan OpenArray RT-qPCR from leukocyte-derived RNA. Treatment response was classified using composite anatomical and functional criteria, including intraretinal/subretinal fluid resolution, ≥25% central retinal thickness reduction, and a ≥5 ETDRS letter gain. Results: At one year, patients showed significant central retinal thickness reduction and overall visual stabilization, although good and poor responders differed according to composite response criteria. Statin use was numerically more frequent among poor responders, although this difference was not statistically significant. Soluble IL-2R increased significantly over time in the overall cohort, mainly driven by good responders who showed higher median levels at both visits. IL-8 also increased globally, without significant between-group differences. Among differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-3121 was the only candidate reaching statistical significance and was downregulated in good responders. ROC analysis showed moderate discriminative performance for miR-3121, with an AUC of 0.76. Conclusions: One-year response to Ranibizumab in nAMD may involve systemic immune activation and miRNA regulation. miR-3121 emerges as a candidate biomarker of treatment response, supporting further validation in larger independent cohorts. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tumors of the salivary glands represent a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors, the diagnosis and treatment of which present significant clinical challenges. One of the key processes affecting the progression of these tumors is angiogenesis, in which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors play a fundamental role. The aim of the present study was to assess differences in VEGF levels in salivary gland tumor tissue compared with normal salivary gland tissue. Methods: Salivary gland tissue samples were obtained by surgical resection. Thirteen patients were included in the study, nine with malignant lesions and four patients with normal salivary gland tissue as controls. After tissue homogenization, VEGF concentration was analyzed by a chemiluminescent ELISA (Human VEGF QuantiGlo ELISA Kit, QVE00B; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Results: VEGF concentrations in salivary gland tumor tissue homogenate supernatants showed a higher central tendency than controls, but the between-group difference did not reach statistical significance (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.199; Welch’s t-test as sensitivity analysis, p = 0.102). Conclusions: VEGF quantification in salivary gland tissue homogenate supernatants was feasible and showed substantial inter-individual variability with partial overlap between tumors and controls. Although tumors showed higher central tendency, the differences were not statistically significant in this small cohort; therefore, the findings are hypothesis-generating and do not support diagnostic or prognostic claims. Full article

Fourth-generation immunoassays are widely used for HIV and syphilis screening; however, false-reactive results may increase confirmatory testing and operational burden in high-throughput laboratories. This study evaluated the comparative performance of automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (MAGLUMI^® HIV Ab/Ag Combi (Snibe Diagnostics Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China), VITROS^® ECiQ HIV Combo (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), MAGLUMI^® Syphilis (Snibe Diagnostics Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China), and ARCHITECT^® Syphilis TP (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA) within a routine diagnostic algorithm, incorporating antibody differentiation immunoassays (INNO-LIA^® HIV I/II Score (Fujirebio Europe N.V., Ghent, Belgium) and HIV-1 RNA PCR where applicable. A total of 240 archived serum samples for HIV testing and 180 for syphilis testing were analyzed. Agreement-based performance measures including sensitivity, specificity, overall percent agreement (OPA), and Cohen’s kappa (κ) were calculated as comparator-based estimates reflecting concordance within the routine diagnostic algorithm rather than absolute diagnostic accuracy against a universal reference standard. For comparisons with HIV-1 RNA PCR, positive and negative concordance rates are reported to reflect agreement between assays detecting different biological targets. Among samples with definitive (positive or negative) results, the MAGLUMI^® HIV Ab/Ag Combi assay showed complete agreement with INNO-LIA^® HIV I/II Score (κ = 1.00) and high agreement with PCR within the ARCHITECT^® HIV Ag/Ab Combo-reactive subset (κ = 0.90). The VITROS^® ECiQ HIV Combo assay demonstrated high agreement with INNO-LIA^® HIV I/II Score (κ = 0.916) and substantial agreement with PCR (κ = 0.715), with a lower negative concordance rate with PCR observed in the ARCHITECT-reactive subset. A parallel five-modality analysis of 11 discordant samples applying the CDC 2014 algorithm demonstrated that all three immunoassay platforms successfully detected confirmed HIV-seropositive individuals with controlled viremia despite negative PCR, while MAGLUMI^® HIV Ab/Ag Combi produced fewer false-reactive results than both ARCHITECT^® and VITROS^® in this discordant subset. Additionally, two cases showed INNO-LIA^® indeterminate results with positive PCR, consistent with acute HIV infection during the early seroconversion stage; all three immunoassay platforms produced signals above the non-reactive threshold in both cases. For syphilis testing, both MAGLUMI^® Syphilis and ARCHITECT^® Syphilis TP assays showed complete agreement with INNO-LIA^® Syphilis Score among samples with definitive results (κ = 1.00). In contrast, the RPR assay showed reduced positive predictive value (49.4%) and moderate agreement with INNO-LIA^® Syphilis Score (κ = 0.52). Automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) platforms demonstrated high agreement within a structured diagnostic algorithm in a high-throughput screening setting. Differences in assay performance were observed across platforms, particularly with respect to discordant results in the ARCHITECT-reactive PCR-evaluated subset for HIV and non-treponemal concordance for syphilis. These platforms may support more efficient laboratory workflows; however, findings should be interpreted within the context of comparator-based classification rather than absolute diagnostic accuracy. Full article

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate very low HBV DNA viral load below the limit of quantification and to identify correlational factors in different patient groups, including individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), occult HBV infection (OBI), and others. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 390 patients with very low-level viremia (VLLV). HBV DNA levels were measured in plasma samples using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Serological markers were evaluated in serum samples using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Demographic variables, HBV serological markers (anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc), and DNA results were evaluated. Results: The study included 193 CHB patients with maintained virological suppression and 197 patients in the other group; of which, 60 patients had occult hepatitis B infection (HBV DNA positive, HBsAg negative) and 137 had no occult hepatitis B infection. Very low viral load was more common in men (53.3%) and in individuals aged ≥50 years (63.3%). In univariate analysis, OBI was associated with anti-HBe (odds ratio (OR) = 2.874, 95% CI: 1.255–6.579, p = 0.013), and anti-HBc seropositivity (OR = 5.750; 95% CI: 2.626–12.591, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, anti-HBe positivity and anti-HBc positivity were independently associated with OBI. Anti-HBs positivity was independently and inversely associated with OBI. Conclusions: In patients with VLLV cohort, anti-HBc and anti-HBe seropositivity were independently associated with detectable but unquantifiable HBV DNA. Although anti-HBe positivity reflects reduced viral replication, it does not indicate complete viral suppression and may be detected at very low viremia levels, especially in occult HBV infection. These findings highlight the complex interplay between viral replication dynamics and host immune responses across the VLLV spectrum, characterize the serological landscape associated with detectable but unquantifiable HBV DNA, and warrant validation in prospective studies. Full article

Extreme combustion features strong unsteadiness, heterogeneity and multi-physics coupling, which is of great significance for advanced propulsion systems. High-performance sensing of such extreme combustion flow fields is critical to revealing physical mechanisms and capturing fine flow structures. However, it faces severe challenges: rich multi-band spectral characteristics require multi-spectral observation; ultra-transient processes demand high-frequency imaging; and high-performance photoelectric enhancement is necessary under short gate width and high frame rates. To solve these problems, this study developed a high-performance ultraviolet optical sensing system (HUOSS), which achieves megahertz-level imaging at a 1608 × 1104 full-frame resolution and provides a 10⁷ electron gain in the ultraviolet band. The HUOSS has been applied to chemiluminescence sensing of a hydrogen/ammonia-air rotating detonation as a representative extreme combustion system. Based on the analysis of representative influencing factors (e.g., the transmission characteristic of the bandpass filter and the intensifier gate width) in the HUOSS, the filter transmission loss and its influence on the gate width settings have been revealed. From the chemiluminescence sensing images captured in the experiments, the fine structure and evolution of detonation waves have been clearly identified, verifying the high-speed imaging capability. Furthermore, simultaneous OH* and NH* multi-spectral observation has been realized, and the effects of ammonia addition have been analyzed, validating the multi-spectral diagnostic capacity of the system. This study provides an effective diagnostic method for extreme transient combustion research, and comprehensively verified the multi-spectral, extremely transient and high signal-to-noise ratio sensing capabilities of this system. Full article

Background: Elevated anticardiolipin IgG (aCL IgG) has been reported in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but its association with specific etiologies of kidney failure remains unexplored. The unique pathophysiology of diabetic–hypertensive nephropathy may be associated with a microenvironment that could potentially contribute to antiphospholipid antibody production and thrombotic complications. This study aimed to investigate whether aCL IgG elevation in hemodialysis (HD) patients is associated with combined diabetes–hypertension (DM + HTN) etiology and thrombocytopenia, thereby identifying a clinically distinct potential high-risk subgroup. In this hypothesis-generating study, we focused on within-HD patient comparisons rather than healthy controls. Methods: We enrolled 242 participants: 150 healthy controls (included only to establish local reference ranges) and 92 patients with maintenance HD. The study was conducted from 01 September to 20 November 2025 in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Serum aCL IgG was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (positive ≥ 12 GPL units). Comprehensive hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of aCL positivity. Results: In the HD cohort, 21% demonstrated aCL positivity; this represents a substantially higher rate than the 2% observed in local healthy controls (p < 0.001). This elevation was not uniform across etiologies. Strikingly, 94.7% (18/19) of aCL-positive HD patients had DM + HTN aetiology, compared with only 17.8% of aCL-negative patients (p < 0.001). Thrombocytopenia was significantly more severe in aCL-positive patients (median platelets: 100 vs. 191 × 10⁹/L, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, DM + HTN etiology (HTN-alone vs. DM + HTN odds ratio [OR]: 0.0013, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00002–0.0999, p = 0.003; confirmed by Firth’s penalized logistic regression sensitivity analysis, and lower platelet count (OR: 0.92 per 1 × 10⁹/L increase, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98, p = 0.006) independently predicted aCL positivity. Conclusions: These hypothesis-generating findings suggest a potential association between metabolic–vascular disease and antiphospholipid immunity in ESRD. Causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional design. At present, routine aCL screening is not recommended outside of research protocols; prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations. Full article

Syngas (synthesis gas) is a promising gaseous biofuel for small-scale power generation, but its highly variable composition, which depends on the biomass source and gasification process, poses challenges for engine optimization. This study investigates syngas–diesel dual-fuel combustion in an optically accessible engine using chemiluminescence imaging of OH*, CH*, and CH₂O* to characterize ignition and flame development. Three representative syngas compositions—Downdraft, Updraft, and Fluidbed—were examined. The Fluidbed composition exhibited the weakest OH* signal, approximately one-third of that observed for the other two, primarily due to its higher CO₂ dilution and lower H₂ content. Ignition delay trends were strongly correlated with dilution level: Downdraft and Updraft showed similar delays despite different H₂/CO ratios, while larger CO₂ shares led to longer delays and flattened heat-release rates. CH* and CH₂O* chemiluminescence showed better agreement with combustion timing than OH*. Methane enrichment enhanced flame propagation and reduced ignition delay, partially offsetting CO₂ dilution effects. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cortisol has become established as a relevant biomarker due to its association with various pathologies, including its potential utility in mental health research. However, regarding the techniques employed for its analysis, the available literature shows a certain degree of heterogeneity both in the methods used to obtain cortisol and in the analytical techniques employed for its measurement. This makes it difficult to compare results across specific populations, particularly in pregnant women, who experience metabolic and physiological changes characteristic of gestation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the procedure for the extraction and analysis of cortisol in hair samples from pregnant women throughout gestation. Methods: Hair samples, three centimeters in length, were obtained from women during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. These samples underwent a standardized isopropanol washing step, followed by milling in a laboratory mill using zirconium balls of varying diameters. The resulting hair powder was then weighed and subjected to four incubation cycles using HPLC-grade methanol. Cortisol levels were detected using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: Mean hair cortisol levels were 4.1 μg/L (ng/mL) in the first trimester, 11.5 μg/L (ng/mL) in the second trimester, and 6.6 μg/L (ng/mL) in the third trimester. Conclusions: Standardizing the methodology for cortisol extraction improves the reproducibility of results and, in the long term, may support its incorporation into clinical practice as a useful tool for assessing cortisol levels in both pregnant women and the general population, since hair cortisol enables retrospective evaluation of its cumulative exposure over time, approximately on a monthly basis. Full article

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common urinary tract malignancies. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of pyroptosis—an inflammatory form of programmed cell death—in cancer development. Gasdermin B (GSDM B), a member of the gasdermin protein family, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the immune response, and its expression may be associated with cancer development and progression. The aim of the study was to assess GSDM B concentrations in the serum of patients with bladder cancer and to determine its potential diagnostic value in comparison with the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). This study included patients with bladder cancer hospitalized at the Department of Urology, Medical University of Białystok, and a healthy control group. GSDM B concentrations were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while CEA and CA19-9 concentrations were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Concentrations in the serum of patients with bladder cancer were significantly higher than in the control group. A positive correlation was found between GSDM B and CEA and CA19-9 concentrations, as well as the age of the subjects. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated moderate but significant diagnostic value of GSDM B in differentiating patients with BC from healthy controls. No significant differences in GSDM B concentrations were observed between low- and high-grade tumors. These findings suggest that GSDM B may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for bladder cancer, particularly when used as part of a multimarker panel. Full article

Research into effective predictive markers and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 remains of considerable interest. Vitamin D may be relevant, especially in frail populations in whom deficiency is more prevalent. In this prospective observational cohort study, 139 patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 who were hospitalized during the third wave of the pandemic in Italy were enrolled. Plasma vitamin D concentrations (both 25-hydroxyvitamin D-25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-1,25(OH)₂D) together with parathyroid hormone levels were measured using a chemiluminescent assay validated for clinical use on automated laboratory platforms. Plasma vitamin D levels were below the sufficiency threshold. Notably, 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in patients who experienced a negative outcome (11.10 [8.80–16.20] vs. 15.25 [9.90–24.80] ng/mL, p = 0.0450) and significantly higher in patients with rapid clinical recovery (15.25 [10.70–24.80] vs. 13.30 [7.47–19.60] ng/mL, p = 0.0446) compared with all other patients. Through multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels at the time of hospitalization were confirmed as an independent predictor of favorable outcome. A plasma 25(OH)D concentration above 11.10 ng/mL predicted favorable disease resolution, with a positive likelihood ratio of 1.40 (IQR: 1.05–1.87). In conclusion, our findings support plasma vitamin D levels as an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Full article

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency and malnutrition may lead to poor outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aims to perform an integrative analysis of serum vitamin D, nutritional status, anthropometric parameters and biochemical profiles in advanced CRC patients. Methods: The study included 58 advanced CRC patients. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Nutritional status was evaluated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Body composition profiles were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and handgrip strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer. Biochemical and clinical parameters were retrieved from an electronic database. Correlation, regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. Results: Abnormal nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency were diagnosed in 55.17% and 50.00% of patients, respectively. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 29.31%. Serum vitamin D concentrations were negatively correlated with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). MNA scores showed significant negative correlations with ANC, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen. In multivariable regression models, albumin remained statistically associated with both serum vitamin D levels (β 7.049; 95% CI: 1.686–12.413; p = 0.011) and MNA score (β 6.951; 95% CI: 4.623–9.278; p < 0.001). Furthermore, albumin showed exploratory performance in ROC analyses for malnutrition and vitamin D deficiency (AUC^ROC 0.814 and 0.725, respectively), which should be interpreted cautiously given potential overlap with MNA-defined nutritional status and the limited sample size. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, malnutrition and systemic inflammation commonly co-occur and are closely interrelated in patients with advanced CRC. A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status in a CRC supportive care setting is recommended. Full article

Oxidative stress induced by excessive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a critical pathological factor in skin aging, inflammatory disorders, and photodamage. While tocopherol (TCP) is a gold-standard antioxidant in cosmetics, its potential in H₂O₂-responsive systems remains underexplored. In this study, we report the design and characterization of ditocopheryl peroxalate (TOT), a novel tocopherol dimer linked via a H₂O₂-cleavable peroxalate linkage. TOT remains chemically stable under physiological conditions but undergoes selective chemiluminescence-like degradation upon exposure to H₂O₂, simultaneously scavenging H₂O₂ and liberating two TCP molecules. Notably, TOT demonstrated superior H₂O₂-scavenging efficiency and enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in H₂O₂-stimulated cells compared to monomeric TCP, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility. Structural analysis revealed that the rigid, linear configuration of TOT facilitates seamless integration into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers, yielding highly stable H₂O₂-responsive liposomes. These findings highlight TOT as a sophisticated multifunctional antioxidant platform for advanced cosmeceutical applications targeting photo-induced oxidative damage. Full article

Background/Objectives: Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial change in the understanding of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP), which is no longer regarded as a marginal phenomenon. Clinical manifestations of pituitary hormone deficiency are frequently nonspecific, with fatigue and cognitive dysfunction predominating. Given that head injuries currently constitute a global burden for healthcare systems, the aim of the present study was to determine whether self-reported post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms that may indicate hypopituitarism reflect true pituitary insufficiency or are attributable to other hormonal aberrations. The study aimed to assess the relationship between self-reported symptoms of PTHP and hormonal test results following mTBI. Setting: Patients were recruited from a tertiary trauma center Emergency Department (ED) in northern Poland from January 2023 to October 2025. Participants: The participants were adult (18 > y.o.) individuals with mTBI who met the inclusion criteria. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. During their post-head injury admission to the ED, patients had a blood sample taken. The procedure was repeated consecutively after 3, 6 and 12 months. After 6 and 12 months, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire. Methods: Pituitary and thyroid hormones were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay method and the heterogenous immunochemiluminescence method. The questionnaire used, Questionnaire for the Assessment of Symptoms of Anterior Pituitary Insufficiency in Patients After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Hospitalized in the Emergency Department, was designed for the purposes of this study. Results: Self-reported symptoms suggestive of anterior pituitary dysfunction following mTBI were not confirmed by laboratory assessment of pituitary hormones. However, after 6 months, a statistically significant correlation was found between the number of reported symptoms and prolactin levels (ρ = 0.730; p = 0.0013), whereas after 12 months a downward trend in free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels was observed compared with the baseline. Conclusions: Persistent symptoms reported by patients following mTBI at 6 and 12 months, particularly fatigue and impaired concentration, showed statistical associations with prolactin levels at 6 months and lower fT3 levels at 12 months. These findings reflect correlations identified in the statistical analysis and do not support inferences regarding causality or the presence of true PTHP. Full article

Background: Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase, plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell survival. Although SIRT3 has been implicated in angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammation, its global proteomic impact on the brain remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically characterize alterations in angiogenesis-, apoptosis-, chemokine-, and cytokine-related proteins in the brains of SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3 KO aka SIRT3⁻/⁻) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 WT and SIRT3 KO mice were analyzed using proteome profiler antibody microarrays covering 53 angiogenesis factors, 21 apoptosis markers, 28 chemokines, and 111 cytokines. Protein expression changes were quantified by chemiluminescence imaging and densitometric analysis. Results: The results showed a distinct suppression of angiogenic proteins (amphiregulin, angiogenin, DPPIV, GM-CSF, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IL-1β, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, proliferin, serpin F1, thrombospeondin-2, TIMP-4, and VEGF-B), activation of both pro-apoptotic (BAD, cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, HIF-1α, Fas, TNF R1, and TRAILR2) and anti-apoptotic, stress-related proteins (Bcl-x, catalase, HO/HMOX2, HSP27, HSP70, and MCL1) in the SIRT3 KO animals compared with the WT controls. Notably, SIRT3 deficiency was associated with increased expression of inflammatory mediators linked to glial activation and neurodegeneration (BLC/CCL13, LIX/CXCL5, MIG/CXCL9, chitinase 3-like 1, CCL22/MDC, IL-6, myeloperoxidase, osteopontin, RBP4, Reg3G, and TNF-α), alongside disturbed proteins involved in immune surveillance and vascular remodeling (6Ckine/CCL21, chemerin, DF, EGF, fractalkine/CX3CL1, HGF, IGFBP-6, IL-16, and I-TAC). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SIRT3 is a key regulator of mitochondrial-dependent vascular, apoptotic, and neuroimmune pathways in the brain, and that its loss creates a molecular environment consistent with heightened vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. Full article

Ammonia (NH₃) is a promising carbon-free energy carrier for low-carbon power generation. However, in turbulent ammonia–methane (NH₃-CH₄) premixed swirling flames, operating at lean conditions to limit NO_X, emissions can trigger strong thermoacoustic oscillations. This study investigates thermoacoustic oscillatory instability in an NH₃-CH₄ swirl-stabilized combustor using the chemiluminescence of CH*, OH*, and NH* over a wide range of ammonia fuel fraction (X_NH3). Combined spectral measurements and 2D chemiluminescence imaging are employed to obtain the global emission characteristics and spatial distributions of OH* and NH* in the UV band and CH* in the visible band. A custom-designed intensified CMOS (ICMOS) camera based on a high-gain UV–visible image intensifier with direct coupling is developed to enable sensitive OH* and NH* imaging (gain > 10⁴). Frequency analysis of continuous CH* imaging, together with morphology-based principal component analysis and k-means clustering of 46 image features, shows that oscillatory combustion occurs for X_NH3 < 0.40, whereas X_NH3 ≥ 0.40 leads to multimode, stable combustion. As X_NH3 increases, OH* and NH* fields progressively decouple from CH*, becoming more elongated and shifting downstream. These results demonstrate that UV radical chemiluminescence provides indispensable information on NH₃ reaction zones and should be combined with CH* diagnostics for reliable thermoacoustic analysis and control in practical NH₃-fueled combustion systems. Full article