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Keywords = cancer in childhood and adolescence

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8 pages, 208 KiB  
Article
Multiple Primary Melanomas: Clinical and Genetic Insights for Risk-Stratified Surveillance in a Tertiary Center
by Marta Cebolla-Verdugo, Francisco Manuel Almazán-Fernández, Francisco Ramos-Pleguezuelos and Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(8), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15080343 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 138
Abstract
Background: Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at increased risk of developing multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). Identifying clinical and genetic factors associated with MPM is critical for implementing personalized surveillance strategies. This study aims to describe the clinical, histopathological, and genetic characteristics of patients [...] Read more.
Background: Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at increased risk of developing multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). Identifying clinical and genetic factors associated with MPM is critical for implementing personalized surveillance strategies. This study aims to describe the clinical, histopathological, and genetic characteristics of patients with MPM managed in a tertiary hospital and to contextualize findings within the current literature. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with two or more primary melanomas between 2010 and 2023 at a tertiary dermatology unit. Demographic data, personal and family cancer history, phototype, melanoma characteristics, genetic testing, staging, treatments, and outcomes were collected. These data were compared with findings from the recent literature. Results: Thirteen patients (ten males, three females; median age: 59 years) were found to have a total of 33 melanomas. Most patients had Fitzpatrick phototype II and no immunosuppression. The number of melanomas per patient ranged from two to five. Synchronous lesions were observed in two patients. Common locations included the trunk and extremities. Histologically, 57% were in situ melanomas, and subsequent melanomas were generally thinner than the index lesion. Two patients showed progression to advanced disease. One patient was positive for MC1R mutation; the rest were negative or inconclusive. Additional phenotypic and environmental risk factors were extracted from patient records and are summarized as follows: Ten patients (76.9%) had Fitzpatrick skin phototype II, and three (23.1%) had phototype III. Chronic occupational sun exposure was reported in four patients (30.8%), while five (38.5%) recalled having suffered multiple sunburns during childhood or adolescence. Eight patients (61.5%) presented with a total nevus count exceeding 50, and five (38.5%) exhibited clinically atypical nevi. None of the patients reported use of tanning beds. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the existing literature indicating that patients with MPM often present with thinner subsequent melanomas and require long-term dermatologic follow-up. The inclusion of genetic testing and phenotypic risk factors enables stratified surveillance and supports the application of personalized medicine in melanoma management. Full article
18 pages, 432 KiB  
Article
Anthropometry and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Moroccan Women: A Large Multicentric Case-Control Study
by Najia Mane, Najoua Lamchabbek, Siham Mrah, Mohammed Saidi, Chaimaa Elattabi, Elodie Faure, Fatima Zahra El M’rabet, Adil Najdi, Nawfel Mellas, Karima Bendahou, Lahcen Belyamani, Boutayeb Saber, Karima El Rhazi, Chakib Nejjari, Inge Huybrechts and Mohamed Khalis
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080434 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 145
Abstract
Although evidence suggests adiposity as a modifiable risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), its association with premenopausal BC remains uncertain. This potential differential relationship for menopausal status has been insufficiently investigated in the Moroccan population due to limited data. This study aims [...] Read more.
Although evidence suggests adiposity as a modifiable risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), its association with premenopausal BC remains uncertain. This potential differential relationship for menopausal status has been insufficiently investigated in the Moroccan population due to limited data. This study aims to assess the relationship between various indicators of adiposity and the risk of BC among Moroccan women by menopausal status. A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Morocco between December 2019 and August 2023, including 1400 incident BC cases and 1400 matched controls. Detailed measures of adiposity and self-reported measures from different life stages were collected. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between body size indicators and the risk of BC, adjusting for a range of known risk factors for BC. Higher waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were associated with an increased risk of BC in both pre- (p-trend < 0.001 for both WC and HC) and post-menopausal women (p-trend < 0.001 for WC, 0.002 for HC). Current body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 increased the risk of postmenopausal BC (p-trend = 0.012). Among postmenopausal women, higher weight at age 20 was positively associated with BC risk (p-trend < 0.001), while, weight at age 30 was significantly associated with increased BC risk in both pre- (p-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (p-trend = 0.028). Interestingly, weight gain since age 20 was inversely associated with BC risk in postmenopausal women in the adjusted model (p-trend = 0.006). Young-adult BMI observed a significant increased trend with BC risk in both pre- (p-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (p-trend < 0.001). In premenopausal women, larger body shape during childhood and early adulthood was positively associated with BC risk (p-trend = 0.01 and = 0.011, respectively). In postmenopausal women, larger childhood and adolescent body silhouettes were also associated with increased BC risk (p-trend = 0.045 and 0.047, respectively). These results suggest that anthropometric factors may have different associations with pre- and post-menopausal BC among Moroccan women. This underscores the importance of conducting large prospective studies to better understand these findings and explore their links to different molecular subtypes of BC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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18 pages, 305 KiB  
Review
Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of Literature (2014–2021): Part 2—Pregnancy and Birth-Related Factors
by Rebecca T. Emeny, Angela M. Ricci, Linda Titus, Alexandra Morgan, Pamela J. Bagley, Heather B. Blunt, Mary E. Butow, Jennifer A. Alford-Teaster, Raymond R. Walston III and Judy R. Rees
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2499; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152499 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 572
Abstract
Purpose: To review parental pre-pregnancy and pregnancy exposures in relation to pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20). Methods: We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 17 March 2021. [...] Read more.
Purpose: To review parental pre-pregnancy and pregnancy exposures in relation to pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20). Methods: We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 17 March 2021. Results: Strong evidence links increased risk of childhood cancer with maternal diabetes, age, and alcohol and coffee consumption during pregnancy. Both paternal and maternal cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy are associated with childhood cancers. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero has long been known to be causally associated with increased risk of vaginal/cervical cancers in adolescent girls. More recent evidence implicates in utero DES exposure to testicular cancer in young men and possible intergenerational effects on ovarian cancer in the granddaughters of women exposed to DES during pregnancy. There is strong evidence that childhood cancer risk is also associated with both high and very low birth weight and with gestational age. Evidence is also strong for the protective effects of maternal vitamin consumption and a healthy diet during pregnancy. Unlike early studies, those reviewed here show no association between in utero exposure to medical ionizing radiation, which may be explained by reductions over time in radiation doses, avoidance of radiation during pregnancy, and/or by inadequate statistical power to detect small increases in risk, rather than a lack of causal association. Evidence is mixed or conflicting for an association between childhood cancer and maternal obesity, birth order, cesarean/instrumental delivery, and prenatal exposure to diagnostic medical radiation. Evidence is weak or absent for associations between childhood cancer and multiple gestations or assisted reproductive therapies, as well as prenatal exposure to hormones other than DES, and medications. Full article
24 pages, 598 KiB  
Review
Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Biopsychosocial Challenges and the Transition from Survival to Quality of Life
by Piotr Pawłowski, Karolina Joanna Ziętara, Natalia Zaj, Emilia Samardakiewicz-Kirol and Marzena Samardakiewicz
Children 2025, 12(8), 980; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12080980 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 276
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing population of childhood cancer survivors presents new challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. While advances in oncological treatments have dramatically improved survival rates, survivors face a broad spectrum of late effects that extend beyond the biological to encompass profound psychological and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increasing population of childhood cancer survivors presents new challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. While advances in oncological treatments have dramatically improved survival rates, survivors face a broad spectrum of late effects that extend beyond the biological to encompass profound psychological and social dimensions. Methods: This quasi-systematic review synthesizes data from recent studies on adolescent survivors, revealing significant disruptions in cognitive function, mental health, social integration, education, romantic relationships, and vocational outcomes. Results: This review highlights the inadequacy of a solely biomedical model and advocates for a biopsychosocial approach to long-term follow-up care. An emphasis is placed on the necessity of personalized, interdisciplinary, and developmentally informed interventions, especially in countries like Poland, where structured survivorship care models remain underdeveloped. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of integrating medical, psychological, and social services to ensure adolescent cancer survivors achieve not only physical recovery but also meaningful life participation and emotional well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Hematology & Oncology)
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19 pages, 428 KiB  
Article
Irisin Concentrations in Children and Adolescent Cancer Survivors and Their Relation to Metabolic, Bone, and Reproductive Profile: A Pilot Case–Control Study
by Despoina Apostolaki, Katerina Katsibardi, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Charikleia Stefanaki, Aimilia Mantzou, Stavroula Papadodima, George P. Chrousos, Antonis Kattamis and Flora Bacopoulou
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 5098; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145098 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience chronic health problems and significant metabolic burden. Timely identification of CCS at higher metabolic risk requires novel biomarkers. Irisin, a novel myokine/adipokine has been associated with metabolic, bone and reproductive diseases, but its role in the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience chronic health problems and significant metabolic burden. Timely identification of CCS at higher metabolic risk requires novel biomarkers. Irisin, a novel myokine/adipokine has been associated with metabolic, bone and reproductive diseases, but its role in the health of CCS is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine irisin concentrations in children and adolescent CCS (vs. controls) and their association with metabolic, bone and hormonal parameters. Methods: Children and adolescent CCS, aged 8–18 years, as well as healthy controls, underwent a detailed physical, body composition, biochemical, hormonal and serum irisin assessment at least 6 months post-treatment. Results: A total of 59 children and adolescents (36 CCS, 23 controls; mean age ± SD 12.8 ± 2.9 years; 10 prepubertal, 49 pubertal) participated in the study. Serum irisin concentrations (ng/mL) were significantly lower in CCS than controls [median (IQR) 6.54 (4.12) vs. 11.70 (8.75) ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001]. In the total study sample, serum irisin was correlated negatively with LH (rs = −0.314, p < 0.05), CRP (rs = −0.366, p < 0.005), age (rs = −0.323, p < 0.05) and positively with ALP (rs = 0.328, p < 0.05). Serum irisin was also positively correlated with ApoB and Lpa (rs = 0.410 and 0.421, respectively, p < 0.05) in CCS, and with PTH (r = 0.542, p < 0.005) in controls. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated parathyroid hormone (PTH) as the only independent variable affecting irisin concentrations. Conclusions: Study results reinforce the irisin–PTH interplay hypothesis. Future studies are needed to clarify the potential role of irisin as a bone biomarker of CCS in childhood and adolescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Pediatrics)
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12 pages, 1531 KiB  
Article
Association of DROSHA Variants with Susceptibility and Outcomes in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
by Ioannis Kyriakidis, Iordanis Pelagiadis, Charalampos Pontikoglou, Helen A. Papadaki and Eftichia Stiakaki
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(6), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060473 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 429
Abstract
MicroRNAs are key regulators of lymphoid differentiation, exhibiting a pivotal role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) biology and prognosis. The initial steps of canonical miRNA biogenesis involve the microprocessor complex processing the primary miRNA transcripts into precursor miRNAs via Drosha. DROSHA polymorphisms have [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs are key regulators of lymphoid differentiation, exhibiting a pivotal role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) biology and prognosis. The initial steps of canonical miRNA biogenesis involve the microprocessor complex processing the primary miRNA transcripts into precursor miRNAs via Drosha. DROSHA polymorphisms have been implicated in pediatric ALL and linked with cancer risk. This study investigated the role of rs642321, rs3805500, and rs10035440 DROSHA polymorphisms in ALL susceptibility, relapse, and outcomes in children and adolescents of Greek descent. The study included 252 children and adolescents (115 ALL cases and 137 controls). Genotyping was performed using RT-qPCR and the TaqMan Genotyping Assay. Homozygotes for the minor allele in DROSHA rs642321 were nominally associated with ALL susceptibility (TT vs. CC+CT; OR 4.5; 95% CI: 1.2–21.2; padj = 0.034). Likewise, homozygotes for the minor allele in rs3805500 were linked with ALL risk (GG vs. AA+AG; OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3–6.1; padj = 0.012). A suggestive association was observed between the rs3805500 AG genotype and both relapsed (OR 5.8; 95% CI: 1.6–24.3; padj = 0.011) and deceased cases (OR 5; 95% CI: 1.1–26.3; padj = 0.038). Patients with the rs3805500 AG and GG genotypes showed a trend toward poorer overall survival rates. In summary, certain haplotypes of DROSHA polymorphisms may be modestly associated with the occurrence of childhood ALL and its outcomes, although these findings require validation in larger, independent cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Analysis of Common Disease, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Study of the MTHFR 677C>T Polymorphism in Children and Adolescents with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: An Original Case–Control Study
by Savvas Kolanis, Elisavet Georgiou, Eleni P. Kotanidou, Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou, Evdoxia Sapountzi, Emmanouel Hatzipantelis, Liana Fidani and Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
Diagnostics 2025, 15(11), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15111310 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 554
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism during childhood and adolescence. Children and adolescents with HT have an increased susceptibility to the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Among the genetic causes of thyroid cancer, the 677C>T [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism during childhood and adolescence. Children and adolescents with HT have an increased susceptibility to the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Among the genetic causes of thyroid cancer, the 677C>T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is also reported. This study investigated for the first time the association between the 677C>T polymorphism (rs1801133) of the MTHFR gene and HT in children and adolescents. Methods: This case–control study included 130 children and adolescents with HT and 130 healthy controls. The 677C>T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was studied in all participants with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methodology for genetic variance analysis. Results: Children and adolescents with HT presented approximately 2.5 times more frequently the T allele sequences (CT and TT variants) and the T alleles in total for the 677C>T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene compared to the healthy population (OR: 2.56, CI: 1.53–4.21 and OR: 2.57, CI: 1.59–4.16, respectively). Children and adolescents with HT and T allele sequences (CT and TT variants) exhibited abnormal thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) two times more frequently compared to those with the wild-type (CC) sequence in the same population (OR: 2.13, CI: 1.04–4.389). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with HT showed an increased frequency of T allele sequences (CT and TT variants) and total T alleles of the 677C>T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene compared to the healthy population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics)
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14 pages, 244 KiB  
Review
Fertility Preservation in Female Children and Adolescent Cancer Patients
by Min Wang and Chao Yang
Children 2025, 12(5), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050647 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for childhood cancer now exceeds 80%, leading to an increasing number of young women who may confront infertility in the future due to the gonadotoxic effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Despite current guidelines advocating for fertility preservation counseling [...] Read more.
The five-year survival rate for childhood cancer now exceeds 80%, leading to an increasing number of young women who may confront infertility in the future due to the gonadotoxic effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Despite current guidelines advocating for fertility preservation counseling and necessary reproductive protection measures for all patients, significant barriers and ethical considerations persist, particularly within the pediatric and adolescent female population. In this review, we provide an overview of the impact and mechanisms of anti-tumor therapies on ovarian function, fertility preservation strategies for pediatric and adolescent patients, and the associated costs and ethical considerations that need to be addressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Hematology & Oncology)
10 pages, 1077 KiB  
Opinion
Sleeping Spermatozoa: The Symbolism of Gamete Cryopreservation in the Context of Cancer in AYAs
by Isabelle Koscinski, Céline Mazzoleni, France Verhaeghe, Jean-Philippe Klein and Célia Ravel
Life 2025, 15(5), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15050685 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 899
Abstract
For adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, fertility preservation is recommended before starting gonadotoxic treatments. This is an important aspect of psychological support in the treatment of the disease. However, the enormous psychological impact of this procedure on adolescents and young adults [...] Read more.
For adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, fertility preservation is recommended before starting gonadotoxic treatments. This is an important aspect of psychological support in the treatment of the disease. However, the enormous psychological impact of this procedure on adolescents and young adults with cancer needs to be addressed by professionals. The traumatic nature of cancer diagnosis disrupts the psychosocial development of AYAs. A young adolescent’s perception of reproduction, and in particular of sperm freezing, is greatly altered by the disease. For a teenager, the success of sperm banking results from a positive balance between facilitators and barriers, which are mentioned here. Moreover, this article proposes a symbolic interpretation of sperm banking, referring to landmarks integrated during childhood, especially in fairytales. Furthermore, it offers an original video documentary that can be used as an information support to help AYAs adhere to the process of preserving their fertility through sperm freezing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research in Male Reproduction)
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22 pages, 709 KiB  
Review
Addressing Akrasia in Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: Implications for Long-Term Follow-Up and Preventive Health Interventions
by Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt, Kristopher Lamore, Zsuzsanna Jakab, Maëlle de Ville de Goyet, Sabine Heinrich, Laura Bathilde, Claire Berger, Laura Beek, Marion Beauchesne, Erika Borszekine Cserhati, Bénédicte Brichard, Louis S. Constine, Jeroen te Dorsthorst, Michele Favreau, Desiree Grabow, Louise Hinckel, Anita Keresztes, Luc Ollivier, Baptiste Sauterey, Roderick Skinner, Eric Thebault, Isabelle Thierry-Chef, Sarolta Trinh, Lorna Zadravec Zaletel, Jelena Roganovic, Marie-Celine Chades-Esnault and Aurore Armandadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081310 - 13 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Background: Childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) face significant long-term health risks, yet adherence to long-term follow-up (LTFU) care remains inconsistent. This study explores the concept of akrasia (i.e., acting against one’s better judgment by engaging in behaviors known to be [...] Read more.
Background: Childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) face significant long-term health risks, yet adherence to long-term follow-up (LTFU) care remains inconsistent. This study explores the concept of akrasia (i.e., acting against one’s better judgment by engaging in behaviors known to be harmful or counterproductive) to understand the psychological, cognitive, and systemic barriers influencing survivor engagement in LTFU. Method: Using an ethical reflection approach based on a literature review, we discussed survivor experiences, behavioral science insights, and ethical principles to identify solutions that balance patient autonomy with supportive interventions. A narrative approach was used to summarize the key points discussed during the ethics reflection group meetings. Results: Our findings highlight key barriers such as trauma, avoidance behaviors, and cognitive constraints that contribute to non-adherence. Strategies such as shared decision-making, digital health tools, and nudge-based interventions are proposed to enhance survivor engagement. Ethical considerations emphasize the need for personalized and flexible care approaches that respect survivor agency while mitigating obstacles to adherence. Conclusions: Addressing akrasia through ethical and behavioral frameworks could improve LTFU adherence, ultimately enhancing survivorship care and long-term health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rehabilitation Opportunities in Cancer Survivorship)
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16 pages, 2146 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Clinical Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing in Childhood and Adolescent/Young Adult Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Lior Katz, Myriam Ben-Arush, Einav Blanche, Inbar Meir and Oz Mordechai
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081292 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 993
Abstract
Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a transformative tool in precision medicine, offering insights into actionable genomic alterations and informing clinical decision-making in childhood and adolescent/young adult (AYA) solid tumors. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the utility [...] Read more.
Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a transformative tool in precision medicine, offering insights into actionable genomic alterations and informing clinical decision-making in childhood and adolescent/young adult (AYA) solid tumors. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the utility of NGS in identifying actionable genomic alterations and its impact on clinical decision-making. Studies involving patients aged 0–40 years with solid tumors were included. Data were extracted using Covidence, and pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Bias was assessed using Begg–Mazumdar, Egger, and Harbord tests. Results: Out of 13,624 references screened, 24 studies met eligibility criteria, comprising 5278 patients and 5359 samples, of which 5207 provided usable data. The pooled proportion of actionable alterations was 57.9% (95% CI: 49.0–66.5%), with minimal evidence of publication bias. Clinical decision-making outcomes were reported in 21 studies, with a pooled proportion of 22.8% (95% CI: 16.4–29.9%). Germline mutation rates, reported in 11 studies, yielded a pooled proportion of 11.2% (95% CI: 8.4–14.3%), consistent with rates typically observed in childhood cancers. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies due to differences in sequencing methodologies, tumor types, and sampling strategies. Conclusions: NGS demonstrates considerable potential in identifying actionable genomic targets and guiding clinical decision-making in childhood and AYA solid tumors. However, the variability in methodologies underscores the need for standardized protocols and reporting practices to enhance comparability and generalizability. This meta-analysis highlights the promise of genomic medicine while acknowledging challenges posed by heterogeneity in study designs. Full article
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14 pages, 2479 KiB  
Article
Primary Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents: A Population-Based Study on Epidemiology and Clinical Pathways in a Challenging Age Group
by Lucia De Martino, Patrizia Piga, Marcella Sessa, Camilla Calì, Camilla Russo, Stefania Picariello, Nicola Onorini, Pietro Spennato, Lucia Quaglietta, Maria Vittoria Donofrio, Giuseppe Cinalli, Francesco Vetrano and Fabio Savoia
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(4), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32040222 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Background: Oncological care of adolescent patients is often inconsistent, as they frequently fall between pediatric and adult services. The Childhood Cancer Registry of Campania (CCRC) is the Italian largest population-based registry specializing in children 0–19 years old, with a target population of approximately [...] Read more.
Background: Oncological care of adolescent patients is often inconsistent, as they frequently fall between pediatric and adult services. The Childhood Cancer Registry of Campania (CCRC) is the Italian largest population-based registry specializing in children 0–19 years old, with a target population of approximately 1.1 million inhabitants. Material and Methods: This report presents epidemiological indicators and clinical pathways on primary brain tumors in adolescents (15–19 years) from the Campania region. Results: Over the study period (2008–2020), the cohort included 219 adolescents with newly diagnosed central nervous system (CNS) tumors with an annual average incidence rate (IR) of 48.9 cases per million/year. The 5-year observed survival rate after diagnosis of CNS tumor was 84.8%. Overall, the most common tumor site was the pituitary gland and craniopharyngeal duct, representing 22.4% of all tumors. The most frequently occurring malignant primary CNS tumor was germinoma, while the most common non-malignant tumor was pituitary adenoma. Most patients were referred to adult services and nearly half migrated outside the region to receive cancer care. Conclusions: Challenges in the care of adolescent oncology patients include limited access to specialized care, difficulties in transitioning from pediatric to adult institutions, distinct tumor biology, and the underrepresentation of adolescents in clinical trials. The care of adolescents with CNS tumors is fragmented across institutions and significant variations in practice exist between adult and pediatric practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality of Life and Follow-Up Care Among AYA Cancer Survivors)
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23 pages, 6629 KiB  
Article
The Population-Level Surveillance of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and Its Late Effects in Europe with an Example of an Effective System at the Slovenian Cancer Registry
by Ana Mihor, Carmen Martos, Francesco Giusti, Lorna Zadravec-Zaletel, Sonja Tomšič, Katarina Lokar, Tina Žagar, Mojca Birk, Nika Bric and Vesna Zadnik
Cancers 2025, 17(4), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17040580 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 727
Abstract
Background: The registry-based collection of detailed cancer and late effect (LE) data in childhood and adolescent cancer (CAC) is rarely explored. Aim: We aimed to provide an overview of CAC registration practices in Europe and share a Slovenian example. Methods: We distributed a [...] Read more.
Background: The registry-based collection of detailed cancer and late effect (LE) data in childhood and adolescent cancer (CAC) is rarely explored. Aim: We aimed to provide an overview of CAC registration practices in Europe and share a Slovenian example. Methods: We distributed a questionnaire among European cancer registries on disease, treatment and LE registration and present the system at the Slovenian Cancer Registry along with an example of retrospectively collected LE data from a cohort of central nervous system tumour survivors from 1983 to 2000. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate the LE incidence. Results: Out of 27 responding registries, over 80% registered cancer type, vital status, death and second primary cancer data. Less than 20% registered cumulative doses of radiation and systemic therapy or progressions. Only three registered LEs. The obstacles in setting up LE collection in registries are a lack of standardization in the variable sets, definitions and methods of collection. In the retrospective cohort, neurological and endocrine LEs were most common. Females had a higher risk of endocrine LEs (HR of 1.89; 95% CI of 1.08–3.31), while patients treated with radiotherapy had higher risks of endocrine (3.47; 1.80–6.69), musculoskeletal and skin LEs (3.16; 1.60–6.26) and second primary cancers (2.85; 1.18–6.75). Conclusions: Standardization and harmonization are necessary to promote detailed CAC and LE registration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Data and Statistics)
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11 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
Agreement on the Prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) in Mexican Children and Adolescents Using Different International References
by Marisol Santiago-Arango, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, Ivan Porras-Chaparro, Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado, Héctor Martínez Ruiz, Héctor A. Cabrera-Fuentes, Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Margarito Martínez-Cruz, María Teresa Hernández-Huerta and Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030587 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1873
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity and overweight are defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. These are conditions that can lead to a lifetime of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. The diagnosis of overweight and [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Obesity and overweight are defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. These are conditions that can lead to a lifetime of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents depends on the international reference used. (2) Objectives: In this study aimed to determine the level of concordance of the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were estimated with three international references in Mexican children and adolescents between 2 and 18 years of age. (3) Methods: We used specific the body mass index (BMI) cut-off points of the ENSANUT Continua 2022 database. The weight category was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (<−2 standard deviation (SD), underweight; −2 and +0.99 SD, normal weight; +1 and +1.99 SD, overweight; and ≥+2 SD, obesity); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria (<percentile 5, underweight; percentile 5 and <percentile 85, normal weight; ≥percentile 85, overweight; and ≥percentile 95, obesity); and the Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria (specific limit values). To determine agreement among these three criteria, Cohen’s Kappa index was used. (4) Results: There were differences in the estimation of weight categories according to the international reference used. Substantial (WHO-IOTF: 0.639; CDC-IOTF: 0.785) and almost perfect (WHO-CDC: 0.806) levels of agreement were found between the references used; however, agreement varied according to age. (5) Conclusions: The weight category depends on the reference used, so each one should be used with caution since the results inform our actions of prevention, surveillance, and the control of nutrition in childhood and adolescence for the timely detection of chronic health problems and effects of social deficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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12 pages, 1264 KiB  
Article
The Healthcare Professionals’ and Patient Advocates’ Perspectives on the Care for Children with Cancer in Europe—A Report from the ESCALIER Project
by Maria Otth, Marko Ocokoljic, Theodora Armenkova, Irina Ban, Samira Essiaf, Maximilian Hopfgartner, Lejla Kameric, Pamela R. Kearns, Georgia Kokkinou, Carmelo Rizzari, Carina Schneider and Katrin Scheinemann
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020084 - 31 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1133
Abstract
Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Therefore, experienced multidisciplinary teams of health care professionals and input from patient advocates are needed. Within the ESCALIER project, we present the current situation of care for children and adolescents with cancer in Europe from the [...] Read more.
Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Therefore, experienced multidisciplinary teams of health care professionals and input from patient advocates are needed. Within the ESCALIER project, we present the current situation of care for children and adolescents with cancer in Europe from the perspective of these stakeholders and highlight the topics relevant for them. A survey developed by representatives from the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) and Childhood Cancer International-Europe (CCI-E) was sent to European paediatric oncologists and patient organizations. We analysed all six questions related to general aspects of care and ten questions especially relevant for SIOPE or CCI-E using descriptive statistics. In total, 159 paediatric oncologists from 35 European countries and 41 CCI-E member organizations from 30 countries replied. Six of the ten questions selected by SIOPE and CCI-E representatives were identical and covered topics from diagnosis to end of treatment and follow-up care. This highlights the alignment of topics relevant for both stakeholders. However, the answers provided by SIOPE and CCI-E respondents to the same questions differed to varying degrees, and answers also differed between respondents from the same country. The differences in the answers provided to our survey highlight the need to raise awareness, improve knowledge, and strengthen communication between different stakeholders, organisations, patients, and families. The stakeholders’ different experiences and knowledge must be considered, and can thus strengthen common goals to provide the best possible care to children and adolescents with cancer in Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
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