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Keywords = breast neoplasms

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13 pages, 849 KiB  
Article
Morphofunctional Profile Focusing on Strength and Ultrasound of the Upper Limbs in Female Breast Cancer Survivors: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Between Groups with and Without Lymphoedema and Between Ipsilateral and Contralateral Limbs
by Ana Rafaela Cardozo Da Silva, Juliana Netto Maia, Vanessa Maria Da Silva Alves Gomes, Naiany Tenório, Juliana Fernandes de Souza Barbosa, Ana Claudia Souza da Silva, Vanessa Patrícia Soares de Sousa, Leila Maria Alvares Barbosa, Armèle de Fátima Dornelas de Andrade and Diego Dantas
Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081884 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 300
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women. Despite effective treatments, sequelae such as decreased muscle strength, upper limb dysfunction, and tissue changes are common, highlighting the need for functional assessments during rehabilitation. This study analysed the morphofunctional profile of [...] Read more.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women. Despite effective treatments, sequelae such as decreased muscle strength, upper limb dysfunction, and tissue changes are common, highlighting the need for functional assessments during rehabilitation. This study analysed the morphofunctional profile of the upper limbs in breast cancer survivors, comparing muscle strength and ultrasound findings between groups with and without lymphoedema, as well as between ipsilateral and contralateral limbs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included female breast cancer survivors treated at an oncology physical therapy clinic. Muscle strength was measured using dynamometry (handgrip and arm flexor strength), and ultrasound assessed the thickness of the dermal–epidermal complex (DEC), subcutaneous tissue (SUB), and muscle (MT). Results: The upper limbs of 41 women were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between those with and without breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL). When comparing the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs, significant reductions were observed in arm flexor strength (p < 0.001; 95% CI: −9.77 to −2.50), handgrip strength (p < 0.001; 95% CI: −4.10 to −1.22), and tissue thickness, with increased DEC thickness on the forearm (0.20 mm; p = 0.022) and arm flexors (0.25 mm; p < 0.001) of the ipsilateral limb. Conclusion: Significant differences in muscle strength and tissue structure between ipsilateral and contralateral limbs may reflect surgical and local pathophysiological effects. A trend toward reduced values for these parameters was also noted in limbs with BCRL, reinforcing the importance of future research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and guide more effective therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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21 pages, 1909 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning-Based Recurrence Prediction in HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Comparison of MRI-Alone, Clinicopathologic-Alone, and Combined Models
by Seoyun Choi, Youngmi Lee, Minwoo Lee, Jung Hee Byon and Eun Jung Choi
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1895; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151895 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 307
Abstract
Background/Objectives: To develop a DL-based model predicting recurrence risk in HER2-low breast cancer patients and to compare performance of the MRI-alone, clinicopathologic-alone, and combined models. Methods: We analyzed 453 patients with HER2-low breast cancer who underwent surgery and preoperative breast MRI between May [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: To develop a DL-based model predicting recurrence risk in HER2-low breast cancer patients and to compare performance of the MRI-alone, clinicopathologic-alone, and combined models. Methods: We analyzed 453 patients with HER2-low breast cancer who underwent surgery and preoperative breast MRI between May 2018 and April 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to either a training cohort (n = 331) or a test cohort (n = 122). Imaging features were extracted from DCE-MRI and ADC maps, with regions of interest manually annotated by radiologists. Clinicopathological features included tumor size, nodal status, histological grade, and hormone receptor status. Three DL prediction models were developed: a CNN-based MRI-alone model, a clinicopathologic-alone model based on a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and a combined model integrating CNN-extracted MRI features with clinicopathological data via MLP. Model performance was evaluated using AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score. Results: The MRI-alone model achieved an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.68–0.69), with a sensitivity of 37.6% (95% CI, 35.7–39.4), specificity of 87.5% (95% CI, 86.9–88.2), and F1-score of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.33–0.35). The clinicopathologic-alone model yielded the highest AUC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.92–0.92) and sensitivity of 93.6% (95% CI, 93.4–93.8), but showed the lowest specificity (72.3%, 95% CI, 71.8–72.8) and F1-score of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.49–0.50). The combined model demonstrated the most balanced performance, achieving an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89–0.91), sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI, 78.7–81.3), specificity of 83.2% (95% CI: 82.7–83.6), and the highest F1-score of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.54–0.57). Conclusions: The DL-based model combining MRI and clinicopathological features showed superior performance in predicting recurrence in HER2-low breast cancer. This multimodal approach offers a framework for individualized risk assessment and may aid in refining follow-up strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics)
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24 pages, 1990 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Analysis of Breast Cancer in Colombian Patients: Exploring Molecular Signatures in Different Subtypes and Stages
by Lizeth León-Carreño, Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez, Andrea Del Pilar Hernandez-Rodriguez, Juliana Ramírez-Prieto, Gabriela López-Molina, Ana G. Claros, Daniela Cortes-Guerra, Julian Alberto-Camargo, Wilson Rubiano-Forero, Adrian Sandoval-Hernandez, Mónica P. Cala and Alejandro Ondo-Mendez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7230; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157230 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 372
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a neoplasm characterized by high heterogeneity and is influenced by intrinsic molecular subtypes and clinical stage, aspects that remain underexplored in the Colombian population. This study aimed to characterize metabolic alterations associated with subtypes and disease progression in a [...] Read more.
Breast cancer (BC) is a neoplasm characterized by high heterogeneity and is influenced by intrinsic molecular subtypes and clinical stage, aspects that remain underexplored in the Colombian population. This study aimed to characterize metabolic alterations associated with subtypes and disease progression in a group of newly diagnosed, treatment-naive Colombian women using an untargeted metabolomics approach. To improve metabolite coverage, samples were analyzed using LC-QTOF-MS and GC-QTOF-MS, along with amino acid profiling. The Luminal B subtype exhibited elevated levels of long-chain acylcarnitines and higher free fatty acid concentrations than the other subtypes. It also presented elevated levels of carbohydrates and essential glycolytic intermediates, suggesting that this subtype may adopt a hybrid metabolic phenotype characterized by increased glycolytic flux as well as enhanced fatty acid catabolism. Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) staging analysis revealed progressive metabolic reprogramming of BC. In advanced stages, a sustained increase in phosphatidylcholines and a decrease in lysophosphatidylcholines were observed, reflecting lipid alterations associated with key roles in tumor progression. In early stages (I-II), plasma metabolites with high discriminatory power were identified, such as glutamic acid, ribose, and glycerol, which are associated with dysfunctions in energy and carbohydrate metabolism. These results highlight metabolomics as a promising tool for the early diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and molecular characterization of BC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Crosstalk in Breast Cancer Progression and Therapies)
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13 pages, 866 KiB  
Article
Integrating Polygenic Scores into Multifactorial Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: Insights from the First Year of Clinical Implementation in Western Austria
by Lukas Forer, Gunda Schwaninger, Kathrin Taxer, Florian Schnitzer, Daniel Egle, Johannes Zschocke and Simon Schnaiter
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2472; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152472 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The implementation of polygenic scores (PGSs) and multifactorial risk assessments (MFRAs) has the potential to enhance breast cancer risk stratification, particularly in carriers of moderate-penetrance pathogenic variants (PVs), whose risk profiles often remain unclear if testing is limited to monogenic risk factors. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The implementation of polygenic scores (PGSs) and multifactorial risk assessments (MFRAs) has the potential to enhance breast cancer risk stratification, particularly in carriers of moderate-penetrance pathogenic variants (PVs), whose risk profiles often remain unclear if testing is limited to monogenic risk factors. Methods: To enhance breast cancer risk stratification, we included the BCAC313 polygenic score, together with MFRA, for carriers of moderate-penetrance pathogenic variants (PVs) during routine diagnostics and assessed its effect on the classification of patients’ risk categories in a real-world cohort at our center in its first year of implementation. Seventeen carriers with PVs in moderate-risk breast cancer genes were included in this study. Thirteen of them qualified for analysis for a full MFRA, including PGS, according to ancestry estimation and clinical criteria. The MFRA was performed using the CanRisk tool, which incorporates clinical, lifestyle, familial, and genetic data, including the BCAC313 score. Results: PGS z-scores were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the unaffected control cohort (p = 0.016). The MFRA, including PGS, increased risk estimates for contralateral breast cancer in seven of eight patients with breast cancer and for primary breast cancer in three of five healthy carriers, compared to the risk conferred by the MFRA and moderate-penetrance pathogenic variant alone. Risk estimates varied widely, demonstrating the value of MFRA in personalized care. In five cases, one with a CHEK2-PV and four with an ATM-PV, the modified risk assessment contributed to the surgical decision for a prophylactic mastectomy. Conclusions: The MFRA, including PGS, provides the clinically meaningful refinement of breast cancer risk estimates in individuals with moderate-risk PVs. Personalized risk predictions can inform clinical management and support decision-making, which highlights the utility of this approach in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oncology: State-of-the-Art Research in Austria)
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16 pages, 1684 KiB  
Article
PCSK9 Inhibitor and Potential Decreased Risk of Neoplasms, Especially in Females: A Meta-Analysis
by Tingyang Wei, Zonglin Li, Chu Lin, Yuteng Yang, Changjie Tie, Xiaoling Cai, Fang Lv, Wenjia Yang and Linong Ji
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081095 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) has been reported to exhibit anti-neoplasm effects. However, the specific impacts remain uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the association between PCSK9i and the risk of neoplasm. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing [...] Read more.
Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) has been reported to exhibit anti-neoplasm effects. However, the specific impacts remain uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the association between PCSK9i and the risk of neoplasm. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PCSK9i with other lipid-lowering drugs or placebo in patients, which reported neoplasm events, were included. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Clinicaltrial.gov website from the inception to June 2024. The primary endpoint was the association between PCSK9i and the risk of overall neoplasm events. Results: A total of 37 RCTs with 108,430 participants were included. PCSK9i treatment was associated with a lower risk of neoplasm compared to non-users (RR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis revealed a more prominent risk reduction of overall neoplasm in studies with female-dominant populations (male percentage < 50%, RR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.82, I2 = 0%), with a significant subgroup differences (p = 0.02). Meta-regression analysis also suggested that the lower percentage of males was associated with a decreased risk of neoplasms (β = 0.018, 95% CI, 0.0063, 0.031, p = 0.002). Meanwhile, the decreased risk of neoplasms was independent of LDL-c reduction. Conclusions: PCSK9i therapy was associated with reduced risk of overall neoplasm, especially in female-dominant populations. The benefits for lower risk of neoplasm with PCSK9i treatment were independent of LDL-c reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
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15 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Resilience and Perceived Social Support in Cancer Survivors: Validity, Levels, and Sociodemographic Correlates of CD-RISC-25 and MSPSS Scales
by Goran Malenković, Jelena Malenković, Sanja Tomić, Silvija Lučić, Armin Šljivo, Fatima Gavrankapetanović-Smailbegović and Slobodan Tomić
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141747 - 19 Jul 2025
Viewed by 331
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Resilience and perceived social support are crucial factors influencing the psychological well-being among breast cancer survivors. Understanding their levels and interrelations can inform psychosocial interventions aimed at improving survivorship outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Resilience and perceived social support are crucial factors influencing the psychological well-being among breast cancer survivors. Understanding their levels and interrelations can inform psychosocial interventions aimed at improving survivorship outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience and perceived social support, evaluate the psychometric properties, and explore their associations with key sociodemographic factors among breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A total of 253 women in clinical remission, at least six months post-primary treatment, were recruited from the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina. Participants completed sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Participants reported moderate levels of resilience (Mdn = 75, IQR = 19). Among resilience domains, Hardiness (Mdn = 22, IQR = 7) and Coping (Mdn = 14, IQR = 4) scored highest, while Optimism (Mdn = 6, IQR = 3) was the lowest. A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and fertility-related quality of life (ρ = 0.454, p < 0.01), while a negative correlation was observed between resilience and fertility-related stress (ρ = −0.275, p < 0.01). Adaptive coping strategies, particularly from the Practical Management Branch of the CIQ, were positively associated with resilience and quality of life, while avoidance coping was linked to higher stress and lower well-being. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors in this Serbian cohort reported moderate resilience and social support, with a strong interrelationship between the two. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening social support networks as a potential pathway to enhance resilience and psychological well-being in cancer survivorship care. Full article
14 pages, 545 KiB  
Article
Coping Strategies and Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
by Ana Agrelo-Fernández, Lucía Fernández-Arce, Ana Llaneza-Folgueras, Ana Isabel Encinas-Muñiz, María Olivo del Valle and Alberto Lana
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070139 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 307
Abstract
Background: The aim was to explore the association between coping strategies (CSs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors and to analyze the role of relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 305 women under follow-up [...] Read more.
Background: The aim was to explore the association between coping strategies (CSs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors and to analyze the role of relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 305 women under follow-up for surgically treated BC in Spain. CSs were measured using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale and the HRQoL with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: The mean age at BC diagnosis for participants was 57.4 years, with 60.3% of diagnoses at the local stage. Most frequent complementary treatments were radiotherapy (53.4%) and chemotherapy (33.1%). Adaptative CS scores were positively associated both with higher physical HRQoL (adjusted regression coefficient: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.11; 4.27, p-value: 0.039) and mental HRQoL scores (coef.: 2.65: 95%CI: 0.25; 5.04, p-value: 0.030). Maladaptive CS scores were inversely associated with mental HRQoL scores (coef.: −3.92; 95%CI: −6.62; −1.22, p-value: 0.005). The effects were stronger among women with a favorable BC prognosis. Conclusions: Adaptive CSs positively affected the physical and mental HRQoL, while maladaptive CSs negatively affected the mental HRQoL. Therefore, psychosocial interventions that promote adaptive CSs and avoid maladaptive ones could improve the well-being of women with a favorable BC prognosis. Full article
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16 pages, 2849 KiB  
Review
Rare Etiologies of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Narrative Review
by Ion Dina, Maria Nedelcu, Claudia Georgeta Iacobescu, Ion Daniel Baboi and Alice Lavinia Bălăceanu
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 4972; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14144972 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Rare presentations are surprising and may disturb the day-to-day routine of a medical unit; however, they are expected (not as individual entities, but as a group of “uncommon causes”). While reviewing the literature in relation to three clinical cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding [...] Read more.
Rare presentations are surprising and may disturb the day-to-day routine of a medical unit; however, they are expected (not as individual entities, but as a group of “uncommon causes”). While reviewing the literature in relation to three clinical cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) encountered in our institution—gastric metastases of breast cancer (GMB), pyloric gland adenoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)—we identified seven and 29 case reports for the first two entities, and over 100 publications addressing GIST. This prompted a shift in focus from novel reporting to diagnostic contextualization. We found it difficult to obtain an overview of the spectrum of UGIB etiologies, as most publications refer to a few individual entities or to a subgroup of rare causes. The narrative review we conducted arose from this particular research methodology. Based on a broad literature search, UGIB etiologies were organized in five categories (lesions of the mucosa, neoplasms, vascular causes, bleeding predisposition, and external sources of bleeding). In the management of patients with UGIB, the underlying etiology deviates from the classic peptic ulcer disease/esophageal varices dyad in approximately half of the cases. This underscores the need for heightened clinical vigilance, particularly in complex scenarios, where endoscopic findings, imaging results, and histopathological interpretations may be unexpected or prone to misinterpretation. As an illustration, we conducted two systematic reviews of case reports of bleeding GMB and PGA. Our findings support a proactive diagnostic and research mindset and advocate for improved awareness of uncommon UGIB etiologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine)
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19 pages, 25171 KiB  
Article
Establishment and Partial Characterization of Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines
by Eliza Vazquez, Luis Dominguez, Brian Silverio, Geobanni Torres, Adriana Garibay-Escobar, Felisbina Luisa Queiroga and Carlos Velazquez
Animals 2025, 15(13), 1991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131991 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms diagnosed in female dogs and have been considered excellent models for studying human breast cancer. Establishing cell lines from primary cultures of canine mammary tumors provides an in vitro model to better understand the disease and [...] Read more.
Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms diagnosed in female dogs and have been considered excellent models for studying human breast cancer. Establishing cell lines from primary cultures of canine mammary tumors provides an in vitro model to better understand the disease and develop new treatments. This study aimed to establish and characterize canine mammary tumor cell lines. Ten cell cultures were generated from tumor tissue obtained from affected dogs, including seven from primary mammary tumors and three from metastatic sites. Characterization included molecular marker expression (ER, PR, HER2, cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), vimentin, and the marker of cell proliferation Ki67) and in vitro tumorigenic capacity assessment. Additionally, the susceptibility of five cell lines to DOX, 5-FU, paclitaxel, colchicine, and carboplatin was evaluated using the MTT assay. ICC analysis revealed negative expression of hormonal receptors (ER and PR) in five cell lines, while only one cell line was positive for both. Six cell lines were HER2-negative and positive for vimentin. Five cell lines exhibited in vitro tumorigenic capacity, forming colonies in soft agar. DOX showed the highest growth-inhibitory effect (DOX > Paclitaxel > Colchicine > 5-FU > Carboplatin). Two cell lines had a minimal concentration for 50% inhibition in vitro (IC50) < 0.63 µM and 4.37 ± 0.40 µM for DOX, while one was sensitive to colchicine and paclitaxel (IC50 0.19 µM and 0.04 µM, respectively). All tested cell lines were resistant to carboplatin and 5-FU. These cell lines provide a valuable model for studying breast cancer in humans and dogs and evaluating new potential therapeutic strategies. Full article
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12 pages, 4236 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Immunophenotypic Characteristics and Quantitative Differences of Telocytes Between Invasive Breast Cancer Subtypes
by Nilgün Öksel, İbrahim Halil Erdoğdu, Ömer Faruk Akgül, Merve Bulut and Özlem Yersal
Life 2025, 15(7), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071040 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 330
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in women and is classified into different molecular subtypes based on the expression characteristics of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERs and PRs) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2, ERBB2): Luminal A, Luminal B, [...] Read more.
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in women and is classified into different molecular subtypes based on the expression characteristics of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERs and PRs) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2, ERBB2): Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2(+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Telocytes, a new type of stromal cell, provide structural support for the preservation of organ integrity and play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated telocyte counts and expression profiles among breast cancer subtypes. Methods: The quantitative differences between telocytes in three subtypes of invasive breast cancer were assessed via immunohistochemistry, using vimentin, CD10, CD34, and c-Kit antibodies. Results: Vimentin(+), CD10(+), CD34(+), and c-Kit(+) telocyte counts were significantly higher in the Luminal and HER2(+) groups than in TNBC (p = 0.000 for vimentin, CD10, CD34, and c-Kit in Luminal vs. TNBC; p = 0.006 for CD34 in HER2(+) vs. TNBC). CD10(+), CD34(+), and c-Kit(+) telocyte counts were significantly higher in ER(+) than in ER(–) patients (p = 0.006, p = 0.000, and p = 0.009, respectively) and in PR(+) than in PR(–) patients (p = 0.018, p = 0.000, and p = 0.044, respectively). The presence of ER/c-Kit(+) telocytes was demonstrated, and c-Kit(+) telocyte counts were significantly lower in tumors larger than 5 cm than in those measuring 2–5 cm (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Our results showed quantitative differences and marker expression profiles for telocytes between different breast cancer molecular subtypes. c-Kit(+) telocytes may contribute to the regulation of tumor size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
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10 pages, 1106 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes in Robot-Assisted Nipple Sparing Mastectomy with Conventional Open Nipple Sparing Mastectomy: A Single Center Experience
by Ji Young You, Young Min Kim, Eun-shin Lee, Haemin Lee and Seung Pil Jung
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4608; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134608 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 559
Abstract
Background: A surgical therapy for breast cancer, robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RANSM) has gained popularity because it may offer better cosmetic results than traditional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM). Data regarding RANSM’s viability and security are still scarce, nevertheless. Comparing the surgical results of RANSM [...] Read more.
Background: A surgical therapy for breast cancer, robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RANSM) has gained popularity because it may offer better cosmetic results than traditional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM). Data regarding RANSM’s viability and security are still scarce, nevertheless. Comparing the surgical results of RANSM and CNSM in a single-center experience was the goal of this study. Methods: 57 patients who had nipple-sparing mastectomy procedures performed at our facility between January and December 2021 were included in this retrospective research. Of them, 49 patients had CNSM, and 8 patients had RANSM. Analysis was performed on pain scores, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, patient demographics, and operating time. Results: The mean total operative time was longer for RANSM group was 148 min compared to 117 min for the CNSM group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.083). The mean duration of hospital stay was shorter for the RANSM group than for the CNSM group (10.75 days vs. 2.92 days, respectively; p = 0.302). Both groups had similar pain scores on postoperative day 3 (RANSM: 3.50, CNSM: 3.54, p = 0.926). No patient in the RANSM group received adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, whereas 32.6% of patients in the CNSM group received chemotherapy. The RANSM and CNSM groups experienced complications at rates of 12.5% and 18.4%, respectively (p = 0.571). In contrast to 14.3% in the CNSM group, there were no documented incidences of skin necrosis in the RANSM group. Conclusions: RANSM demonstrated comparable safety to CNSM with potential benefits, including a shorter hospital stay and lower complication rates. These findings support the feasibility of RANSM, particularly in patients prioritizing cosmetic outcomes. To validate these initial findings, more research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up times is necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Reconstruction: The Current Environment and Future Directions)
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18 pages, 7101 KiB  
Article
Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of TLR4 and AGER in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
by Luiza Darla Aguiar Silva Paiva, Ana Carolina Filgueiras Teles, Jeferson dos Santos Souza, Pedro Ruan Amorim Oliveira, Bianca Elen Souza Alves, Mariana Timbaúba Benício Coelho, Aurilene Gomes Cajado, Isabelle Fátima Vieira Camelo Maia, Paulo Goberlânio Barros Silva, Diane Isabelle Magno Cavalcante, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Saldanha Cunha, Larissa Mont’Alverne Arruda, Roberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior, Silvia Regina Rogatto and Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
Cancers 2025, 17(13), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132182 - 28 Jun 2025
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is an aggressive and rare neoplasm, accounting for 1–5% of all breast cancers. Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) and Advanced Glycation End Products Receptor (AGER/RAGE) have been implicated in breast cancer, and have been shown to promote [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is an aggressive and rare neoplasm, accounting for 1–5% of all breast cancers. Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) and Advanced Glycation End Products Receptor (AGER/RAGE) have been implicated in breast cancer, and have been shown to promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory pathways. However, the role of TLR4 and AGER in IBC has not been elucidated. Methods: TLR4 and AGER immunofluorescence expression were evaluated in 27 IBC and 24 non-IBC samples. The expression data and clinicopathological parameters, including the prognostic values of these biomarkers, were compared. TLR4 and AGER gene expression were investigated using the microarray transcriptomic dataset of IBC and non-IBC samples (Gene Expression Omnibus repository—GEO). Results: IBC samples showed higher TLR4 and AGER immunoexpression than the non-IBC group and were associated with obesity and Ki-67 expression (p < 0.05). AGER expression in IBC versus non-IBC was also statistically associated with triple-negative molecular subtypes. Non-IBC subjects with AGER immunoexpression above the cutoff (106.1%, sensitivity of 92.3%, and specificity of 56.2%) showed reduced metastasis-free survival (p = 0.032). In the multivariate analysis, high TLR4 immunostaining increased the risk of metastasis-free survival by 1.029-fold. Analyzing three external GEO datasets confirmed that TLR4 and AGER expression increased in IBC compared to non-IBC samples. Conclusions: Overall, IBC samples showed higher TLR4 and AGER expressions than other breast cancer types, shedding light on the significance of these markers on IBC biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer: Biomarkers of Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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20 pages, 2524 KiB  
Review
Skin Signals: Exploring the Intersection of Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Dermatological Manifestations
by Ilse Gabriela Ochoa-Mellado, Alejandra Padua-Bracho, Paula Cabrera-Galeana and Rosa María Alvarez-Gómez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(13), 6140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136140 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 515
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations can serve as early and sometimes the first clinical indicators in various hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the dermatological signs associated with these syndromes, aiming to facilitate their recognition in clinical practice. Hereditary Breast and [...] Read more.
Cutaneous manifestations can serve as early and sometimes the first clinical indicators in various hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the dermatological signs associated with these syndromes, aiming to facilitate their recognition in clinical practice. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome is notably linked to an increased risk of melanoma. BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome is characterized by BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors. Muir–Torre syndrome, a variant of Lynch syndrome, presents with distinctive cutaneous neoplasms such as sebaceous carcinomas, sebaceous adenomas, and keratoacanthomas. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome commonly features hamartomatous growths, trichilemmomas, acral keratoses, oral papillomas, and genital lentiginosis. Gorlin syndrome is marked by basal cell carcinomas and palmoplantar pits, while Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is identified by mucocutaneous pigmentation. In familial adenomatous polyposis, the cutaneous findings include epidermoid cysts, fibromas, desmoid tumors, and lipomas. Additionally, we examined monogenic disorders associated with cancer risk and skin involvement, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, neurofibromatosis type 1, familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma syndrome, and Fanconi anemia. The early recognition of these dermatologic features is essential for a timely diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate surveillance strategies in individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes. Full article
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20 pages, 7547 KiB  
Case Report
Is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Feasible in Multicentric Breast Cancer? A Case Report and Literature Review
by Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu, Elena Cojocaru, Vlad Gabriel Tîrnovanu, Elena Țarcă, Loredana Toma, Bogdan Florin Toma, Sorana Anton, Ștefan Dragoș Tîrnovanu, Roxana Ana Covali, Cipriana Ștefănescu and Irena Cristina Grierosu
Life 2025, 15(7), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071018 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Accurate lymph node staging is crucial for both prognosis (in the event of early-stage disease) and treatment (for local control of disease) in patients with breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been studied in numerous international trials, showing that it allows [...] Read more.
Accurate lymph node staging is crucial for both prognosis (in the event of early-stage disease) and treatment (for local control of disease) in patients with breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been studied in numerous international trials, showing that it allows about 70% of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to be avoided and thus significantly reduces the morbidity associated with ALND. SLNB represents a necessary step in the diagnostic algorithm for breast neoplasms because the surgical treatment for breast cancer has become progressively less invasive. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with multicentric breast cancer (MBC) treated by surgery at “Cuza Vodă” Women’s University Hospital, Iassy, Romania. In this case, only the ultrasonography established the diagnosis of left MBC with certainty. Conclusion: The detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for MBC must be indicated. In this type of cancer, SLNB is accurate and practical, with sufficient quality control and interdisciplinary collaboration between surgical, nuclear medicine, and pathology units. Lymphoscintigraphy allows the patient to avoid axillary clearance surgery if the sentinel node is negative for metastatic disease. The variability of Ki67, PR, HER2, and ER status supports the idea that all individual foci should be tested in MBC cases to provide the best management and prognosis. Full article
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18 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Understanding Breast Cancer: Awareness, Risk Factors, and Symptoms Among Female Health Science Students in Hungary
by Sára Garai, Johanna Törzsökné Márton, Melinda Csima and Dávid Sipos
Healthcare 2025, 13(13), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131512 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 609
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women worldwide, and its early detection is crucial for improving survival rates. The aim of our research was to assess the knowledge of health science students regarding breast cancer, with a particular [...] Read more.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women worldwide, and its early detection is crucial for improving survival rates. The aim of our research was to assess the knowledge of health science students regarding breast cancer, with a particular focus on risk factors and symptoms, and to examine their associations with demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 251 female health science students at the University of Pécs. For statistical analysis, we used the Chi-square test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation. Results: Students were most familiar with the symptoms of breast cancer (59.0%), while knowledge of non-modifiable (44.1%) and lifestyle-related (49.8%) risk factors was found to be lower. Third-year students (H = 15.892; p < 0.001), those with better financial status (H = 11.091; p = 0.011), physically active individuals (U = 6535.0; p = 0.020), and those who regularly performed breast self-examinations (U = 5356.0; p = 0.027) achieved significantly higher scores. Knowledge levels also varied by field of study (H = 18.203; p = 0.033); students in dietetics and paramedicine stood out with higher results. The majority of students (57.8%) had a moderate level of knowledge, while only 21.9% reached a high level. Surprisingly, the frequency of breast self-examination showed a weak but significant negative correlation with overall knowledge (ρ = −0.155; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Students’ knowledge requires improvement, particularly regarding risk factors. Targeted education and encouragement of breast self-examination could enhance students’ preparedness, thereby contributing to more effective prevention and early detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Primary Care Through Healthcare Education)
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