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Keywords = barium zirconate titanate

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11 pages, 5307 KiB  
Article
Improving Energy Storage Properties of Barium Zirconate Titanate Ceramics via Defect Dipole Engineering
by Zhiyi Wang, Zhengchao Qin, Si Gao, Hongjuan Zheng, Jin Luo, Yunfei Liu and Yinong Lyu
Materials 2025, 18(12), 2809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122809 - 15 Jun 2025
Viewed by 377
Abstract
Lead-free ceramic materials have been widely studied since dielectric capacitors became a key component for energy storage. In this work, we adopted defect dipole engineering and improved the energy storage performance of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics by doping them with MnO2 [...] Read more.
Lead-free ceramic materials have been widely studied since dielectric capacitors became a key component for energy storage. In this work, we adopted defect dipole engineering and improved the energy storage performance of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics by doping them with MnO2. With the increase in Mn content, the hysteresis loop changed from a conventional loop to a pinned hysteresis loop, resulting in a decrease in remnant polarization (Pr). When x = 0.02, the recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) reached 0.1561 J/cm2 @ 40 kV/cm, a 59% increase from undoped BZT. Further, XPS and EPR analyses confirmed that many oxygen vacancies were generated. We also performed SEM and TEM characterization and observed the microstructures. These results are consistent with theories suggesting that the formation of the pinned hysteresis loop is attributable to oxygen vacancies and defect dipoles. Full article
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13 pages, 3749 KiB  
Article
Multipurpose X-Ray Stage and Its Application for In Situ Poling Studies
by Antonio Iacomini, Davide Sanna, Marzia Mureddu, Laura Caggiu, Costantino Cau, Stefano Enzo, Edgar Eduardo Villalobos-Portillo, Lorena Pardo and Sebastiano Garroni
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051004 - 25 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 545
Abstract
A 3D-printable, ARDUINO-based multipurpose X-ray stage of compact dimensions enabling in situ electric field and temperature-dependent measurements is put into practice and tested here. It can be routinely applied in combination with a technique of structural characterization of materials. Using high-performance X-ray laboratory [...] Read more.
A 3D-printable, ARDUINO-based multipurpose X-ray stage of compact dimensions enabling in situ electric field and temperature-dependent measurements is put into practice and tested here. It can be routinely applied in combination with a technique of structural characterization of materials. Using high-performance X-ray laboratory equipment, two investigations were conducted to illustrate the device’s performance. The lattice characteristics and microstructure evolution of piezoelectric ceramics of barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BT), and barium calcium zirconate titanate, with compositions of (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95Zr0.05)O3 (BC8TZ5), were studied as a function of the applied electric field and temperature. The X-ray stage is amenable as an off-the-shelf device for a diffraction line in a synchrotron. It provides valuable information for poling piezoceramics and subsequent optimization of their performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectrics and Ferroelectrics for End Users)
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13 pages, 7096 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide/BCZT Composite Ceramics via Fast Hot-Pressed Sintering
by Bingqing Zhao, Qibin Liu, Geng Tang and Dunying Wang
Coatings 2024, 14(6), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14060689 - 1 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Improving fracture toughness, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility has consistently presented challenges in the development of artificial bone replacement materials. This paper presents a new strategy for creating high-performance, multifunctional composite ceramic materials by doping graphene oxide (GO), which is known to induce osteoblast [...] Read more.
Improving fracture toughness, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility has consistently presented challenges in the development of artificial bone replacement materials. This paper presents a new strategy for creating high-performance, multifunctional composite ceramic materials by doping graphene oxide (GO), which is known to induce osteoblast differentiation and enhance cell adhesion and proliferation into barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) ceramics that already exhibit good mechanical properties, piezoelectric effects, and low cytotoxicity. Using fast hot-pressed sintering under vacuum conditions, (1 − x)(Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3−xGO (0.2 mol% ≤ x ≤ 0.5 mol%) composite piezoelectric ceramics were successfully synthesized. Experimental results revealed that these composite ceramics exhibited high piezoelectric properties (d33 = 18 pC/N, kp = 62%) and microhardness (173.76 HV0.5), meeting the standards for artificial bone substitutes. Furthermore, the incorporation of graphene oxide significantly reduced the water contact angle and enhanced their wettability. Cell viability tests using Cell Counting Kit-8, alkaline phosphatase staining, and DAPI staining demonstrated that the GO/BCZT composite ceramics were non-cytotoxic and effectively promoted cell proliferation and growth, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Consequently, with their superior mechanical properties, piezoelectric performance, and biocompatibility, GO/BCZT composite ceramics show extensive potential for application in bone defect repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Ceramic and Alloy Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 6696 KiB  
Article
BaHf0.05Ti0.95O3 Ceramics from Sol–Gel and Solid-State Processes: Application to the Modelling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
by Damien Brault, Philippe Boy, Franck Levassort, Guylaine Poulin-Vittrant, Claire Bantignies, Thien Hoang and Maxime Bavencoffe
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071508 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1417
Abstract
A typical piezoelectric energy harvester is a bimorph cantilever with two layers of piezoelectric material on both sides of a flexible substrate. Piezoelectric layers of lead-based materials, typically lead zirconate titanate, have been mainly used due to their outstanding piezoelectric properties. However, due [...] Read more.
A typical piezoelectric energy harvester is a bimorph cantilever with two layers of piezoelectric material on both sides of a flexible substrate. Piezoelectric layers of lead-based materials, typically lead zirconate titanate, have been mainly used due to their outstanding piezoelectric properties. However, due to lead toxicity and environmental problems, there is a need to replace them with environmentally benign materials. Here, our main efforts were focused on the preparation of hafnium-doped barium titanate (BaHfxTi1−xO3; BHT) sol–gel materials. The original process developed makes it possible to obtain a highly concentrated sol without strong organic complexing agents. Sol aging and concentration can be controlled to obtain a time-stable sol for a few months at room temperature, with desired viscosity and colloidal sizes. Densified bulk materials obtained from this optimized sol are compared with a solid-state synthesis, and both show good electromechanical properties: their thickness coupling factor kt values are around 53% and 47%, respectively, and their converse piezoelectric coefficient d33 values are around 420 and 330 pm/V, respectively. According to the electromechanical properties, the theoretical behavior in a bimorph configuration can be simulated to predict the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies and the corresponding output power values to help to design the final device. In the present case, the bimorph configuration based on BHT sol–gel material is designed to harvest ambient vibrations at low frequency (<200 Hz). It gives a maximum normalized volumetric power density of 0.03 µW/mm3/Hz/g2 at 154 Hz under an acceleration of 0.05 m/s2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectrics and Ferroelectrics for End Users)
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14 pages, 6585 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Manufacturability of SU-8 Piezoelectric Composite Films for Microsystem Applications
by Irma Rocio Vazquez, Zeynel Guler and Nathan Jackson
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030397 - 14 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2433
Abstract
Piezoelectric thin films are extensively used as sensing or actuating layers in various micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. However, most piezoelectrics are stiff ceramics, and current polymer piezoelectrics are not compatible with microfabrication due to their low Curie Temperature. Recent polymer-composite piezoelectrics have gained [...] Read more.
Piezoelectric thin films are extensively used as sensing or actuating layers in various micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. However, most piezoelectrics are stiff ceramics, and current polymer piezoelectrics are not compatible with microfabrication due to their low Curie Temperature. Recent polymer-composite piezoelectrics have gained interest but can be difficult to pattern. Photodefinable piezoelectric films could resolve these challenges by reducing the manufacturability steps by eliminating the etching process. But they typically have poor resolution and thickness properties. This study explores methods of enhancing the manufacturability of piezoelectric composite films by optimizing the process parameters and synthesis of SU-8 piezo-composite materials. Piezoelectric ceramic powders (barium titanate (BTO) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT)) were integrated into SU-8, a negative epoxy-based photoresist, to produce high-resolution composites in a non-cleanroom environment. I-line (365 nm) light was used to enhance resolution compared to broadband lithography. Two variations of SU-8 were prepared by thinning down SU-8 3050 and SU-8 3005. Different weight percentages of the piezoelectric powders were investigated: 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% along with varied photolithography processing parameters. The composites’ transmittance properties were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and the films’ crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The 0–3 SU-8/piezo composites demonstrated resolutions < 2 μm while maintaining bulk piezoelectric coefficients d33 > 5 pm V−1. The films were developed with thicknesses >10 μm. Stacked layers were achieved and demonstrated significantly higher d33 properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Functional Micro/Nano Structured Surfaces)
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14 pages, 4239 KiB  
Article
Piezoelectricity and Thermophysical Properties of Ba0.90Ca0.10Ti0.96Zr0.04O3 Ceramics Modified with Amphoteric Nd3+ and Y3+ Dopants
by Yongshang Tian, Mingyang Ma, Shuiyun Li, Junli Dong, Xiang Ji, Haitao Wu, Jinshuang Wang and Qiangshan Jing
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062369 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
Lead-free barium calcium titanate zirconate (BCTZ) ceramics doped with a single rare-earth element generally exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties. However, their electrical properties deteriorate at an excessive dopant content, limiting their application. In this study, amphoteric neodymium (Nd3+) and yttrium (Y3+ [...] Read more.
Lead-free barium calcium titanate zirconate (BCTZ) ceramics doped with a single rare-earth element generally exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties. However, their electrical properties deteriorate at an excessive dopant content, limiting their application. In this study, amphoteric neodymium (Nd3+) and yttrium (Y3+)-codoped BCTZ-NYx ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state reaction at 1240 °C. The influences of the Y3+ content (x) on the structural features, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties were investigated. At a small x (<0.18 mol%), Y3+ could enhance the fracture strength and electrical properties by eliminating oxygen vacancies, defect dipoles, and/or structural defects. However, the outstanding performance deteriorated with excessive x. Additionally, the mechanism of the defect chemistry at different x was deduced. At an yttrium content of 0.18 mol%, the ceramic exhibited high piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity with low domain-switching activation energy (Ea = 0.401 eV), indicating that it could replace commercial lead-based piezoelectric ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Piezoelectric Materials and Applications)
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14 pages, 3308 KiB  
Article
The Study of the Acoustic Characteristics of Chitosan Acetate Film Using a Radial Electric Field Excited Resonator
by Andrey Teplykh, Boris Zaitsev, Alexander Semyonov and Irina Borodina
Sensors 2023, 23(4), 1808; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041808 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5086
Abstract
Currently, the lateral electric field excited resonators are used for the creation of various sensors. We have recently proposed a new type of acoustic resonator called radial electric field excited disk acoustic resonator. The advantage of this type of resonator is its high [...] Read more.
Currently, the lateral electric field excited resonators are used for the creation of various sensors. We have recently proposed a new type of acoustic resonator called radial electric field excited disk acoustic resonator. The advantage of this type of resonator is its high sensitivity to mechanical and electrical boundary conditions on its free surface. This makes it possible to determine both the acoustic and electrical properties of a thin layer of material deposited on the free end of the resonator. In this work, we used a radial electric field excited disk acoustic resonator of Russian-made barium plumbum zirconate titanate (BPZT) piezoceramics. With the help of this resonator, the material constants for the piezoceramic sample were refined, and their temperature dependencies were determined. Then, this resonator was used to determine the elastic modulus, viscosity, and conductivity of the chitosan acetate film in air and ammonia vapors of various concentrations. It was shown that the chitosan acetate film under the influence of ammonia vapor significantly changes its mechanical properties and increases its electrical conductivity thousands of times, and then completely restores its properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Resonator-Based Sensors)
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16 pages, 11370 KiB  
Article
Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures
by Marzia Mureddu, José F. Bartolomé, Sonia Lopez-Esteban, Maria Dore, Stefano Enzo, Álvaro García, Sebastiano Garroni and Lorena Pardo
Materials 2023, 16(3), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16030945 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3419
Abstract
Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to [...] Read more.
Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to prior activation and homogenization by attrition milling of the starting high purity raw materials for 6 h before the synthesis and of the calcined powders for 3 h before the sintering. The comparison of the thermal analysis of the mixture of the starting raw materials and the same mixture after 6 h attrition milling allowed to evidence the mechanisms of activation, resulting in a significant decrease of the perovskite formation temperature (from 854 °C down to 582 °C). The secondary phases that limit the functional properties of the ceramic and their evolution with the sintering conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed the design of a two-step sintering method to eliminate them. A pure tetragonal BCZT perovskite phase (P4mm, c/a = 1.004) and homogeneous ceramic microstructure was obtained for synthesis at 700 °C for 2 h and sintering with the use of a two-step sintering treatment (900 °C for 3 h and 1280 °C for 6 h). The best electromechanical properties achieved were d33 = 455 pC/N, kp = 35%, Qm = 155. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Property and Structure Optimization of Piezoelectric Materials)
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12 pages, 4127 KiB  
Article
Lead-Free Multiferroic Barium-Calcium Zirconate-Titanate & Doped Nickel Ferrite Composites
by Inna V. Lisnevskaya, Inga A. Aleksandrova and Artem N. Savinov
J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010002 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
Magnetoelectric lead-free composite ceramic based on the piezoelecrtic Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) and magnetic NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4−d (NCCMF) has been obtained by the solid state method using preliminarily synthesized [...] Read more.
Magnetoelectric lead-free composite ceramic based on the piezoelecrtic Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) and magnetic NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4−d (NCCMF) has been obtained by the solid state method using preliminarily synthesized by the solid-state method precursors. X-ray diffraction measurements, microstructural, magnetic, dielectric, piezoelectric and magnetoelectric studies have been carried out. Impurity phases were not contained in the composites, and there were no signs of interfacial interaction even at the doping level. Ceramics has a high electrical resistivity at direct current (~109 Ω·cm) and, over the entire range of x studied, exhibits a combination of magnetic and piezoelectric parameters, which vary over a wide range and clearly depend on the composites composition. The maximum magnetoelectric coupling coefficient ΔE/ΔH ≈ 90 mV/(cm·Oe) at a frequency of 1 kHz has been observed for specimens with x = 60–70%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Composites)
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23 pages, 5808 KiB  
Review
Towards a Highly Efficient ZnO Based Nanogenerator
by Mohammad Aiman Mustaffa, Faiz Arith, Nur Syamimi Noorasid, Mohd Shahril Izuan Mohd Zin, Kok Swee Leong, Fara Ashikin Ali, Ahmad Nizamuddin Muhammad Mustafa and Mohd Muzafar Ismail
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2200; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122200 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3241
Abstract
A nanogenerator (NG) is an energy harvester device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy on a small scale by relying on physical changes. Piezoelectric semiconductor materials play a key role in producing high output power in piezoelectric nanogenerator. Low cost, reliability, deformation, [...] Read more.
A nanogenerator (NG) is an energy harvester device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy on a small scale by relying on physical changes. Piezoelectric semiconductor materials play a key role in producing high output power in piezoelectric nanogenerator. Low cost, reliability, deformation, and electrical and thermal properties are the main criteria for an excellent device. Typically, there are several main types of piezoelectric materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods, barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Among those candidate, ZnO nanorods have shown high performance features due to their unique characteristics, such as having a wide-bandgap semiconductor energy of 3.3 eV and the ability to produce more ordered and uniform structures. In addition, ZnO nanorods have generated considerable output power, mainly due to their elastic nanostructure, mechanical stability and appropriate bandgap. Apart from that, doping the ZnO nanorods and adding doping impurities into the bulk ZnO nanorods are shown to have an influence on device performance. Based on findings, Ni-doped ZnO nanorods are found to have higher output power and surface area compared to other doped. This paper discusses several techniques for the synthesis growth of ZnO nanorods. Findings show that the hydrothermal method is the most commonly used technique due to its low cost and straightforward process. This paper reveals that the growth of ZnO nanorods using the hydrothermal method has achieved a high power density of 9 µWcm−2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Energy Harvesting Technology)
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13 pages, 3032 KiB  
Article
Enhancing of Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Barium Zirconate Titanate/Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Nano-Composites
by A. M. A. Henaish, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, O. M. Hemeda, I. A. Weinstein, M. M. El-Shahawy and K. A. Darwish
Electronics 2022, 11(23), 3855; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233855 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
The effects of poly (vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) on barium zirconate titanate nanoparticles has been studied. Different concentrations of (BZT-PVDF) nanocomposites using the formula [x (PVDF)/(1 − x) BZT] (where x = zero, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) were prepared using the hot [...] Read more.
The effects of poly (vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) on barium zirconate titanate nanoparticles has been studied. Different concentrations of (BZT-PVDF) nanocomposites using the formula [x (PVDF)/(1 − x) BZT] (where x = zero, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) were prepared using the hot pressing method. The BZT nanoparticle was prepared using the tartrate precursor route method. The Dc resistivity as a function of reciprocal temperature (1000/T) K−1 for the composite samples has been studied. The dielectric constant (ε) increases with the amount of BZT, which can be described as the increase of interfacial space charge polarization between (PVDF-BZT) nano-composites and the increase in the ionic mobility of the polymer. The ferroelectric hysteresis of prepared nano-composites has been investigated. The increase of BZT content raises the slope of the hysteresis loop and hence the dielectric polarization, which may be attributed to the dominance of smaller grain size and tetragonality. The increasing in dielectric properties for the prepared samples is very useful in industrial applications, such as sensors, actuators and transducers. Full article
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7 pages, 3032 KiB  
Article
Electrocaloric Effect in Different Oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 Single Crystals
by Yun Ou, Chihou Lei and Dongliang Shan
Materials 2022, 15(19), 7018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15197018 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1632
Abstract
The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectrics is promising for new solid-state refrigeration. However, the current research on the electrocaloric effect of bulk ferroelectrics mainly focuses on (001) orientation. Thus, we studied the electrocaloric effect of BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals with [...] Read more.
The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectrics is promising for new solid-state refrigeration. However, the current research on the electrocaloric effect of bulk ferroelectrics mainly focuses on (001) orientation. Thus, we studied the electrocaloric effect of BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals with different orientations through the nonlinear thermodynamic approach and entropy analysis. The results show that the dipolar entropy of (111)-oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals exhibits a greater change after applying an external electric field, compared with (001)- and (110)-orientations, and the (001)-oriented electrocaloric responses are consistent with experimental observations. The (111)-oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals have a more significant electrocaloric response, resulting in a broader work temperature range with a large electrocaloric effect. These insights offer an alternative way to enhance the electrocaloric response of ferroelectric single crystals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)
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13 pages, 3154 KiB  
Article
High Tunable BaTixZr1-xO3 Films on Dielectric Substrate for Microwave Applications
by Andrei Tumarkin, Evgeny Sapego, Alexander Gagarin and Artem Karamov
Molecules 2022, 27(18), 6086; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186086 - 18 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1739
Abstract
In this study, the structural and microwave properties of BaTiZrO3 films deposited on alumina substrate were investigated. The films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 ambient atmosphere. The research of the island films at the initial stages of the [...] Read more.
In this study, the structural and microwave properties of BaTiZrO3 films deposited on alumina substrate were investigated. The films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 ambient atmosphere. The research of the island films at the initial stages of the growth showed that the pyramidal type of growth prevails. It was demonstrated that as-deposited film is a BaZrTiO3 solid solution with a deficiency of titanium compared to the target. The air annealing at temperatures of 1100–1200 °C leads to the formation of a well-formed crystalline solid solution of BaZr0.3Ti0.7O3 with a predominant orientation (h00). The investigation of microwave parameters of the films fabricated at different conditions showed that the best performance with the tunability of 4.6 (78%), and the Q-factor of 18 to 40 at 2 GHz was achieved at annealing temperature of 1150 °C. Full article
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12 pages, 1931 KiB  
Article
Electroelastic Coupled-Wave Scattering and Dynamic Stress Concentration of Piezoceramics Containing Regular N-Sided Holes
by Jiang Lin, Chuanping Zhou, Xiao Han, Yongping Gong, Jiawei Fan, Junqi Bao, Huawei Ji, Jing Ni and Weihua Zhou
Actuators 2022, 11(7), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11070202 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
In this paper, the calculation method of dynamic stress concentration around piezoelectric ceramics containing regular n-sided holes under the action of electroelastic coupling wave was studied, and it was applied to promising barium calcium zirconate titanate material. First, electroelastic governing equations were [...] Read more.
In this paper, the calculation method of dynamic stress concentration around piezoelectric ceramics containing regular n-sided holes under the action of electroelastic coupling wave was studied, and it was applied to promising barium calcium zirconate titanate material. First, electroelastic governing equations were decomposed by using the auxiliary function method, and the solution forms of the elastic wave field and electric field were obtained by using the wave function expansion method. Then, the triangular boundary was simplified to a circular boundary using the mapping function, and the corresponding modal coefficients were determined according to simplified boundary conditions. Finally, the dynamic stress-concentration factor was calculated to characterize the dynamic stress concentration. We performed numerical simulations with a correlation coefficient of (1 − x)[(Ba0.94Ca0.06) (Ti0.92Sn0.08)]-xSm2O3-0.06 mol% GeO2 (abbreviated as (1 − x)BCTS-xSm-0.06G). The numerical calculation results show that the incident wave number, piezoelectric properties, shape parameters of the hole, and deflection angle have a great influence on the dynamic stress around the defect, and some significant laws are summarized through analysis. Full article
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12 pages, 1996 KiB  
Article
Electroelastic Coupled-Wave Scattering and Dynamic Stress Concentration of Triangular Defect Piezoceramics
by Jiang Lin, Huawei Ji, Chuanping Zhou, Jiawei Fan, Xiao Han, Junqi Bao, Yongping Gong, Jing Ni and Weihua Zhou
Actuators 2022, 11(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11040106 - 7 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2774
Abstract
In this paper, a method to calculate the dynamic stress concentration around the triangular defect of piezoelectric material under electroelastic coupling is studied and applied to the promising barium calcium zirconate titanate. Firstly, the electroelastic governing equation is decomposed by decoupling technique, and [...] Read more.
In this paper, a method to calculate the dynamic stress concentration around the triangular defect of piezoelectric material under electroelastic coupling is studied and applied to the promising barium calcium zirconate titanate. Firstly, the electroelastic governing equation is decomposed by decoupling technique, and the analytical solutions of elastic wave field and electric field are obtained by wave function expansion method. Then, the conformal transformation is used to simplify the triangle boundary into a circular boundary, and the corresponding modal coefficients are determined according to the simplified boundary conditions. Finally, the analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor can be obtained according to the constitutive equation. Substitute the relevant material parameters of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 and set different temperatures, Ce doping amount, and incident wave number for numerical simulation. The numerical results show that the incident wave number, piezoelectric properties, and the shape parameters and deflection angle of the triangular defect have a great influence on the dynamic stress around the defect, and some meaningful laws are summarized through analysis. Full article
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