Search Results (3,552)

Micro-public space (MPS) regeneration is typically evaluated at the point of delivery, yet long-term performance depends on whether everyday stewardship can be sustained thereafter. This study reframes neighbourhood social capital as a governance–environment signal reflecting coordination capacity and examines whether residents’ willingness to participate in post-regeneration co-management is primarily appraisal-driven (perceived value, attitude, and perceived behavioural control) or coordination-driven via a residual direct channel consistent with routine governance. A cross-sectional survey of adults residing within walkable catchments of five regenerated MPS sites in Nan’an District, Chongqing, China ($N=477$), was conducted. An integrated Stimulus–Organism–Response × TPB model was estimated using WLSMV with ordered categorical indicators; indirect effects were assessed via bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Coordination capacity was strongly associated with perceived value, participation attitude, and perceived behavioural control. In the joint model, only perceived value retained a statistically reliable positive association with stewardship willingness, whereas the incremental contributions of attitude and perceived behavioural control were negligible once the stimulus was included. A residual direct association from coordination capacity to willingness persisted beyond the appraisal block, supporting a direct-dominant interpretation; bootstrap analyses yielded no robust evidence for mediation (BCa 95% CIs crossed zero). These findings suggest that sustaining regenerated micro-spaces requires low-friction governance designs that minimise coordination costs, reinforce soft accountability, and render institutional responsiveness visible to residents. Full article

Entrepreneurship education has been promoted as a pathway for strengthening entrepreneurial orientation among university students; however, uncertainty remains regarding the mechanisms through which it influences entrepreneurial intention, particularly in emerging economies. This study examines whether entrepreneurship education influences the entrepreneurial intention of university students in Honduras indirectly through entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and explanatory study was conducted with a sample of 431 university students. Data were collected using a structured 56-item questionnaire with a seven-point Likert scale. The analysis was carried out through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using the WLSMV estimator. The results show that entrepreneurship education positively influences all dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation included in the model. Personal attitude emerged as the strongest predictor of entrepreneurial intention, followed by subjective norms and specific dimensions of self-efficacy related to business planning and management and entrepreneurial leadership. In contrast, the innovation and problem-solving dimension did not show a significant direct effect on entrepreneurial intention, while perceived behavioral control showed a marginal effect. The parsimonious model explained 75.9% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention. Overall, the findings suggest that entrepreneurship education exerts its influence primarily through indirect pathways by strengthening capability beliefs and motivational appraisals that are proximal to action. Full article

Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in complex and dynamic environments, especially when subjected to unknown disturbances such as wind, can experience significant degradation in the stability of trajectory tracking control. Current research on UAV control has proposed algorithms that exhibit good disturbance rejection capabilities for small and weak disturbances, but their effectiveness decreases significantly as the disturbance magnitude increases. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid control strategy that combines a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) with Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control (ITSMC). The RBFNN is designed as an online disturbance observer, capable of estimating and compensating external disturbance forces and torques in real time, with an adaptive weight law. The ITSMC utilizes an integral term to eliminate steady-state errors and a terminal sliding mode term to achieve finite-time convergence of tracking errors. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller maintains high-precision trajectory tracking and attitude control performance under various disturbance conditions, exhibiting strong robustness and anti-disturbance capability, and outperforms other controllers in overall performance. Full article

Understanding individuals’ connection to nature is crucial for promoting sustainable attitudes and behaviors. The environmental identity (EID) scale, widely used to assess this connection, plays a key role in environmental research; however, its cross-cultural application requires rigorous psychometric validation. Although the revised 14-item EID scale has demonstrated good reliability, questions remain regarding its dimensionality and the potential influence of acquiescence due to exclusively positive worded items. This study examined both issues in Portuguese samples. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factorial structure. Results supported a two-factor model with correlated dimensions: Restorative Connection to Nature (RCN) and Ecological Identity (EI), rather than a strictly unidimensional solution. In Study 2 acquiescence was assessed by comparing the original version with a balanced version that included partially reverse-worded items. Item distributions, factor loadings, and reliability were analyzed. The balanced version did not improve control of acquiescence; instead, reversed-worded items showed weaker loadings, lower explanation variance, and method effects, suggesting increased measurement bias. Overall, the findings support the robustness of the revised 14-item EID scale in Portugal while indicating that environmental identity is better conceptualized as a bidimensional construct portraying both reflective connection and identity-based engagement with nature. The results also highlight the limitations of reverse-worded items as a strategy for reducing response bias in value-laden constructs. Full article

This study presents a leader–follower flight control architecture for a small-scale UAV swarm, demonstrated using a three-UAV system built on heterogeneous autopilots, GPS positioning, Raspberry Pi 3B+ units, and Wi-Fi communication. The follower UAVs autonomously maintain predefined formations while tracking the leader’s trajectory. During flight, each Raspberry Pi establishes inter-UAV communication via a Wi-Fi network using the UDP protocol, enabling real-time data exchange and attitude adjustments. An outer-loop proportional–integral control design implemented on the Raspberry Pi generates corrective commands to the corresponding autopilot to reduce the followers’ position errors. Under the tested conditions, the framework achieves formation tracking with horizontal and vertical errors of approximately 60 and 20 cm, respectively, providing initial experimental validation in a small-scale setting. In addition, a simulation environment based on pre-recorded UAV and environmental data with 3D visualization is developed to support behavior prediction, performance evaluation, and control tuning prior to real-world deployment, although its applicability beyond the tested scenarios remains to be established. Full article

Under the dual carbon strategy and the sweeping tide of digital transformation in education, higher education confronts an urgent imperative: cultivating talent equipped with interdisciplinary skills and sustainable decision-making capabilities. To meet this critical challenge, this study pioneers the PAMD (Patient Capital–Accounting–Matrix–Development) interdisciplinary teaching framework. Rooted firmly in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) principles, PAMD uniquely weaves together patient capital, carbon asset accounting, and linear algebra matrix modeling. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with undergraduate business students, we implemented “Carbon Asset Accounting and Low-Carbon Transition Investment Analysis” as a case study. We rigorously evaluated teaching effectiveness across academic performance, competency, and cognitive attitude dimensions using Welch’s t-test, Hedges’ g, and ANCOVA. After controlling for baseline scores, the experimental group significantly surpassed the control group in comprehensive decision-making (81.22 vs. 72.41, g = 0.71) and matrix modeling competency (3.74 vs. 3.22, g = 0.77). The experimental cohort also demonstrated consistent gains in carbon accounting reporting precision and data representation clarity. Cognitive assessments revealed moderate effect sizes for both low-carbon investment literacy and interdisciplinary learning interest. These compelling results demonstrate that embedding a long-term value orientation into accounting representation and matrix modeling powerfully cultivates students’ ability to transfer interdisciplinary knowledge and make sound sustainable decisions within complex contexts. This study offers a robust, evidence-based, and replicable pathway for driving sustainability-oriented interdisciplinary reform within business education. Full article

Magnetic bearing flywheels, characterized by frictionless operation and long service life, are increasingly recognized as promising actuators for spacecraft attitude control. Understanding their dynamic behavior under moving-base conditions is therefore essential. In this study, the Lagrange method is employed to derive the dynamic equations of a magnetic-bearing flywheel subject to base motion. By incorporating the dynamics of electromagnetic bearings, a unified electromechanical-dynamic control model is established. Simulations are conducted to examine the system’s response during rapid maneuvers, with a focus on the effects of base moment of inertia, rotor speed, and maneuver angular rate on flywheel performance. Based on the analysis, a feedforward compensation strategy utilizing the angular acceleration of the moving base is proposed to suppress the influence of base motion. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, offering technical support for the future application of magnetically levitated flywheels in ultra-stable, fast-maneuvering satellites. Full article

In order to mitigate the effects of micro-vibrations due to control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) on spacecraft attitude control system, they are often mounted on isolation platforms. However, the flexible deformation of isolators may cause certain disturbances in CMG gimbal servo systems. In addition, gimbal servo systems also suffer from intrinsic disturbances due to rotor imbalance and gimbal components. Since these disturbances are distributed over a wide frequency range, they are difficult to suppress and may seriously deteriorate gimbal control performance. To suppress multiple disturbances and improve gimbal speed accuracy, a composite anti-disturbance control method is proposed. The proposed method consists of two components. The first component adopts an adaptive proportional-integral-resonant controller with phase compensation to suppress disturbance due to isolator and rotor imbalance disturbance with improved transient performance. The second component adopts an adaptive extended state observer to estimate and then compensate slowly varying disturbances with improved dynamic performance and steady-state accuracy. By integrating these two components, the proposed method can effectively suppress multiple disturbances in CMG gimbal servo systems. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. Full article

Pediculosis remains a public health problem among primary schoolchildren worldwide, including in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pediculosis and identify associated determinants among primary schoolgirls from different socio-geographic regions of Thailand to inform effective control strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 494 schoolgirls from eastern, northeastern, and southern provinces. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, personal hygiene practices, parental knowledge and attitudes toward head lice, and school health policies were collected using questionnaires and interviews with school administrators. Univariable analyses and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with school as a random effect were used to account for clustering. The overall prevalence of pediculosis was 50.81% (95% CI: 46.31–55.20), with significant variation across provinces. In univariable analysis, several factors were associated with infestation. However, after accounting for clustering, only class level (adjusted OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.31–7.29) and self-performed hair washing (adjusted OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.57–5.49) remained significantly associated with pediculosis, while other associations were attenuated. Parental knowledge was moderate, and commonly held beliefs regarding prevention and treatment varied. None of the participating schools had routine head lice screening policies. These findings indicate that pediculosis is likely influenced by both individual and school-level factors. Control efforts may benefit from coordinated school-based approaches, alongside improved access to effective treatment and targeted health education. Full article

Electric unmanned vehicles applied in complex terrains such as agricultural, forestry, and deep-space exploration scenarios are often required to travel on uneven roads. In particular, during climbing processes, their driving stability and terrain adaptability are of critical importance. To address the above challenges, an electric unmanned vehicle with variable-diameter wheels is proposed. By adjusting the wheel diameter, the vehicle can modify its pitch and roll angles to adapt to uneven terrains. The core research focuses on the relationship between quasi-static stability and wheel diameter variation. First, the configuration and working principle of the electric unmanned vehicle with variable-diameter wheels are introduced, with particular emphasis on the mechanism principle of the novel variable-diameter wheel. A kinematic model between the electric cylinder input and wheel diameter in the variable-diameter wheel is established. On this basis, based on the FASM (Force-Angle Stability Margin)—a stable cone theory, the relationships between stability and wheel diameter variation were investigated separately under lateral, longitudinal, and 45° steering composite conditions on a slope. The results indicate that the unmanned vehicle can achieve omnidirectional attitude adjustment. Finally, the relationship between the electric cylinder input and stability is derived, which can provide a theoretical basis for the quasi-static stability control of outdoor electric unmanned vehicles. Full article

Gender-based and sexual violence are major public health concerns, and norms about consent are central to their prevention. This study examines how attitudes toward sexual consent relate to digital sexual consent and to the occasional feeling of distrust in public consent campaigns and institutions. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey embedded in the evaluation of a municipal consent campaign in Zaragoza (Spain). Adults (N = 404; 56.7% women) completed a 14-item short version of the Sexual Consent Scale–Revised, two items on digital sexual consent, and three items on institutional reluctance (perceived “sermonizing” tone, distrust in effectiveness, and lack of personal identification with the message). Correlation and multiple regression models with robust standard errors were estimated, controlling for gender, age, education, income, relationship status, and social media use. Attitudes toward sexual consent were strongly and positively associated with digital sexual consent. Gender was the most consistent sociodemographic correlate: men showed less egalitarian attitudes than women across all consent measurements. Institutional reluctance was systematically related to less supportive consent attitudes: perceiving institutional messages as exaggerated or personally irrelevant predicted lower support for sexual and digital consent norms, whereas trust in the campaign’s effectiveness was associated with more egalitarian attitudes. The findings support the continuity between sexual and digital consent and highlight gender and institutional trust as key determinants for the prevention of gender-based and sexual violence. Public health and social policies should integrate digital consent into consent education and co-design campaigns that minimize defensive reactions and rebuild trust in institutions. Full article

This research presents a hybrid geometric computed torque control method for an aerial manipulation system composed of a quadrotor UAV and a 2-DOF planar manipulator. The fully coupled system’s dynamic model is derived following the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) formulation. The proposed control architecture leverages the geometric controller provided by the RotorS simulator as a high-level quadrotor trajectory tracking module. Tracking reference commands are generated using the geometric SE(3) position controller, which computes desired translational and angular accelerations from position/velocity and attitude/angular rate errors, respectively, serving as input to the low-level computed torque controller that explicitly accounts for the coupled 8-DoF aerial manipulator system dynamics. The desired generalized acceleration vector ${\ddot{\mathbf{q}}}_{\mathrm{des}}$ combines quadrotor translational and rotational acceleration commands with a PD-based joint acceleration command for the attached manipulator. The computed torque controller produces generalized forces for the coupled system, which are subsequently separated into quadrotor forces and moments and manipulator joint torques. The resulting quadrotor forces and moments are mapped to rotor speeds using the standard RotorS control allocation matrix, while the manipulator joints are controlled at the torque level via ROS built-in effort controllers. Extensive simulated experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupled hybrid approach compared to decoupled control strategies, showing significant improvements in tracking accuracy and dynamic response. Full article

Escalating environmental challenges have increased interest in understanding pro-sustainability behaviours (PSBs) within the built environment. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) Theory, this study maps the global PSB research landscape and examines how cognitive, normative, and moral behavioural determinants are conceptualised. Employing the PRISMA framework and scientometric analysis using VOSviewer, the study analysed 22 key publications sourced from multiple academic databases. The findings indicate a steady growth in PSB research since 2017, with substantial contributions from Asia, particularly Malaysia and China. However, the literature remains theoretically fragmented, with limited integration of established behavioural frameworks. Eight categories of PSBs were identified, demonstrating how TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and VBN constructs (values, beliefs, personal norms) are reflected in stakeholder practices across the built environment lifecycle. The findings highlight conceptual gaps, notably the underutilisation of hybrid behavioural models, and emphasise the need for future research that enhances theoretical integration, interdisciplinarity, and geographical diversity. The study provides evidence-based insights to support policy, education, and industry efforts to strengthen PSBs in the built environment. Full article

To address the problems of uneven stubble height and high missed-cutting rate caused by the insufficient profiling capability of traditional forage harvesters in complex hilly terrain, this paper designs a three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) profiling header primarily for typical hilly terrain with gentle slopes of 8–15°. Through pitch, roll, and height adjustments, it stably maintains stubble height at 150 mm. Subsequently, geometric analysis and structural optimization achieved kinematic decoupling among all degrees of freedom, thereby overcoming the inherent limitations of the two-DOF header, such as poor adaptability to longitudinal slope and strong adjustment coupling. Three-dimensional modeling was completed in SolidWorks, multibody dynamics simulation was performed in ADAMS, and a profiling control system incorporating a hydraulic system, multi-source sensor fusion, and a fuzzy PID controller was built. The dynamics simulation results show that under the working conditions of 15° longitudinal and 10° transverse slopes, the stubble height error of the header is controlled within 10%, the attitude angle adjustment error is less than 0.5°, and the dynamic response is excellent. Prototype field tests showed that, compared with the two-DOF header, the three-DOF profiling header improved the stubble height stability by about 35%, reduced the missed-cutting rate by about 5%, and increased the operating efficiency by about 15%. No cutting blade contact with the soil occurred, verifying the rationality of the mechanism design and its adaptability to terrain. This study provides an effective technical solution for improving the mechanization level of forage harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas. Full article

This paper analyzes “prompt engineering” through the economic lens of self-insurance against the risk of errors from noisy AI systems. To formalize this approach, we model an agent under cognitive load, allocating effort between working unassisted and prompting an AI assistant. The theoretical model demonstrates that an agent’s optimal prompting effort is driven by the agent’s attitude toward risk. Specifically, the model proves that risk-averse agents rationally “over-invest” in prompting effort, while risk-seeking agents “under-invest” relative to the risk-neutral benchmark. This outcome stems from the covariance between the marginal utility of performance and the marginal product of prompting. This alignment is positive for risk-averse agents, effectively boosting the AI’s perceived productivity. The novel implication is that prompting effort is an economically meaningful behavior that can be informative about an individual’s underlying attitude toward downside AI risk. These results offer a new perspective for understanding heterogeneity in AI adoption and oversight. They also suggest that, under comparable task conditions and controlling for prompting ability, observed prompting effort may be informative about attitudes toward downside AI risk. The framework therefore provides a risk-management perspective for understanding heterogeneity in AI governance in high-stakes settings such as healthcare and finance. Full article