1,124 Results Found

There seems to exist an intricate relationship between airway inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and diet. The intake of specific foods or food groups has been suggested to suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that characterize...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic airway infection and inflammation. The infectious and inflamed CF airway environment impacts on the innate defense of airway epithelia and airway macrophages. The CF airway milieu ind...

Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the onset of asthma and plays a key role in enhancing the disease’s severity. Obese asthmatic individuals represent a distinct phenotype of asthma that is associated with additional symptoms...

Defective CFTR biogenesis and activity in cystic fibrosis airways leads to airway dehydration and impaired mucociliary clearance, resulting in chronic airway infection and inflammation. Most cystic fibrosis patients have at least one copy of the F508...

Notch is an evolutionarily conserved signaling family which iteratively exerts pleiotropic functions in cell fate decisions and various physiological processes, not only during embryonic development but also throughout adult life. In the context of t...

The airway surface liquid (ASL) is a thin sheet of fluid that covers the luminal aspect of the airway epithelium. The ASL is a site of several first-line host defenses, and its composition is a key factor that determines respiratory fitness. Specific...

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is not only a rate-limiting enzyme in heme metabolism but is also regarded as a protective protein with an immunoregulation role in asthmatic airway inflammation. HO-1 exerts an anti-inflammation role in different stages of ai...

Eosinophilic airway inflammatory disease is associated with bronchial asthma, with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) typical of refractory type 2 airway inflammation. CCL4 produced at local inflammatory sites is involved in them via the accu...

New anti-inflammatory treatments are needed for CF airway disease. Studies have implicated the endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) in CF airway inflammation. The activation of IRE1α promotes activation of its...

Mast cells are effector cells in the immune system that play an important role in the allergic airway inflammation. Recently, it was reported that BLT2, a low-affinity leukotriene (LT) B4 receptor, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic...

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a refractory airway disease accompanied by eosinophilic inflammation, the mechanisms of which are unknown. We recently found that CCL4/MIP-1β—a specific ligand for CCR5 receptors—was impl...

Mild–moderate and severe equine asthma (MEA and SEA) are prevalent inflammatory airway conditions affecting horses of numerous breeds and disciplines. Despite extensive research, detailed disease pathophysiology and the differences between MEA...

The apical cytoplasm of airway epithelium (AE) contains abundant labile zinc (Zn) ions that are involved in the protection of AE from oxidants and inhaled noxious substances. A major question is how dietary Zn traffics to this compartment. In rat air...

Poor dietary choices have been rising concurrently with an increase in asthma prevalence, especially in children. Dietary indexes that simultaneously measure the healthiness and sustainability of dietary patterns have emerged to address the dual conc...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) are associated with lung function abnormalities in the general population. It has also been shown that sonic hedgehog (SHH), an important ligand for PTCH1, i...

Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are thought to play a role in innate inflammatory responses. Our study aimed to assess whether chitinase concentration and activity in induced sputum (IS) of patients exposed to tobacco smoke are related to the...

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can increase airway inflammation and induce bronchoconstriction in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tiotropium bromide, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, on airway inflammation and bronchoconstr...

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor that can induce airway enlargement, airway obstruction, and airway mucus hypersecretion. Although studies have shown that Korean black ginseng extract (BGE) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities...

Along with playing vital roles in pathogen exclusion and immune system priming, the upper airways (UAs) and their microbiota are essential for myriad physiological functions such as conditioning and transferring inhaled air. Dysbiosis, a microbial im...

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease, leads to airflow obstruction and exhibits sex differences in prevalence and severity. Immunomodulatory diets, such as the ketogenic diet (high fat, low carbohydrate, moderate protein), may offer compleme...

Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction. Despite extensive research, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely underst...

Phellodendri cortex (PC), the dried trunk bark of Phellodendron amurense RUPR, has traditionally been used to treat patients who suffer from gastroenteritis, abdominal pain or diarrhea. Its major bioactive compounds include alkaloids and limonin, and...

Carvone is a monoterpene found in nature in the form of enantiomers (S- and R-). While previous research has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of carvone, the influence of carvone enantiomeric composition on its anti-allerg...

Obese patients with asthma present with aggravated symptoms that are also harder to treat. Here, we used a mouse model of allergic asthma sensitised and challenged to house dust mite (HDM) extracts to determine whether high-fat-diet consumption would...

Hexokinase catalyzes the first rate-limiting step glycolysis. However, the roles of hexokinase 2 (HK2) in asthma remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate metabolic alterations in asthma, focusing on the expression, function and...

Vitamin D is hypothesized to have a beneficial effect on lung function and respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with lung function, airway inflammation and...

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has been proposed as a feature of pathogenesis of eosinophilic upper airway inflammation such as allergic rhinitis (AR). The measurement system for upper AHR (UAHR) in rodents is poorly developed, although measurement...

Recently, extreme weather has been regarded as a risk factor for exacerbating allergic airway inflammation (AAI), but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation,...

Research suggests exercise may reduce eosinophilic airway inflammation in adults with asthma. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) quantifies the inflammatory potential of the diet and has been associated with asthma outcomes. This study aimed t...

Background/Objectives: Airborne exogenous antigen inhalation can induce neutrophil infiltration of the airways, while eosinophils migrate to the airways in allergic airway inflammation. During a bacterial infection, Th2-associated cytokine IL-4, by b...

Sophoraflavanone G (SG), isolated from Sophora flavescens, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor bioactive properties. We previously showed that SG promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and leukemia cells and reduces the inflammatory respons...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of winter and spring particulate matter (PM) on airway inflammation and allergies in a mouse asthma model. PM was collected during 7–28 February 2013 (winter) and during 7–28 April 2013 (spring) in Yonago,...

Allergic asthma is a type 2 immune-response-mediated chronic respiratory disease. Mast cell activation influences the pathogenesis and exacerbation of allergic asthma. Therefore, the development of mast cell-targeting pharmacotherapy is important for...

The stimulation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis are associated with chronic respiratory diseases such as neutrophil-dominant severe asthma. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a principal chemoatt...

Exposure to air pollution poses a risk to human respiratory health, and a preventive and therapeutic remedy against fine dust-induced respiratory disease is needed. Background/Objectives: The respiratory-protective effects of Lysimachia mauritiana (L...

Airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, are a global public health concern owing to their chronic inflammatory effects on the respiratory mucosa. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pro...

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been suggested to be closely associated with neutrophilic asthma pathogenesis. However, little is known about the factors regulating the production of G-CSF in neutrophilic asthma. We previously repor...

Exposure to exogenous noxae, such as particulate matter, can trigger acute aggravations of allergic asthma—a chronic inflammatory airway disease. We tested whether Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBNP) with or without surface polycyclic aromatic hydrocar...

We examined anti-inflammatory potency of hybrid peptide-PK20, composed of neurotensin (NT) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) pharmacophores in a murine model of non-atopic asthma induced by skin sensitization with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and intratracheal ch...

Marathon running exerts physical stress and may lead to transient immune dysregulation, increasing susceptibility to airway inflammation and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). This study investigated systemic levels of antimicrobial peptides...

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) occurs in mechanically ventilated patients of respiratory disease and is typically characterized by airway inflammation. However, recent studies increasingly indicate that a major cause of VILI may be the excessi...

Inhalations with brine solutions are old but underestimated add-ons to pharmacological treatments of inflammatory lung diseases. Although widely used, not all features underlying their action on the respiratory system have been explored. The aim of t...

Garlic (Allium sativum) has traditionally been used as a medicinal food and exhibits various beneficial activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic, and hypoglycemic activities. The aim of this study was to explore the...

Urbanization with reduced microbial exposure is associated with an increased burden of asthma and atopic symptoms. Conversely, environmental exposure to endotoxins in childhood can protect against the development of allergies. Our study aimed to inve...

Thyme (TO), cinnamon (CO), and Ceylon type lemongrass (LO) essential oils (EOs) are commonly used for inhalation. However, their effects and mechanisms on inflammatory processes are not well-documented, and the number of in vivo data that would be im...

Itaconate has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidative endogenous metabolite, yet its role in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, the itaconate level in the lung was assessed by High Pe...

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid and liquid air pollutant particles suspended in the air, varying in composition, size, and physical features. PM is the most harmful form of air pollution due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lun...

Considering the negative impact of a lack of dietary diversity on children’s nutritional status, we aimed to describe dietary variety according to eating at home frequency and assessed its association with respiratory outcomes in school-aged children...

Particulate matter (PM) exposure may cause adverse health effects such as respiratory disorders. We evaluated the protective effects of various Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) extracts on airway inflammation associated with exposure to PM10D with an aerod...

Urban particulate matter (UPM) is a high-hazard cause of various diseases in humans, including in the respiratory tract, skin, heart, and even brain. Unfortunately, there is no established treatment for the damage caused by UPM in the respiratory epi...