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  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,629 Views
25 Pages

A Generative Method for Indoor Localization Using Wi-Fi Fingerprinting

  • Óscar Belmonte-Fernández,
  • Emilio Sansano-Sansano,
  • Antonio Caballer-Miedes,
  • Raúl Montoliu and ,
  • Rubén García-Vidal and
  • Arturo Gascó-Compte
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

30 March 2021

Indoor localization is an enabling technology for pervasive and mobile computing applications. Although different technologies have been proposed for indoor localization, Wi-Fi fingerprinting is one of the most used techniques due to the pervasivenes...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
190 Citations
19,936 Views
16 Pages

Wi-Fi Crowdsourced Fingerprinting Dataset for Indoor Positioning

  • Elena Simona Lohan,
  • Joaquín Torres-Sospedra,
  • Helena Leppäkoski,
  • Philipp  Richter and ,
  • Zhe Peng and
  • Joaquín Huerta
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

3 October 2017

Benchmark open-source Wi-Fi fingerprinting datasets for indoor positioning studies are still hard to find in the current literature and existing public repositories. This is unlike other research fields, such as the image processing field, where benc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,685 Views
15 Pages

12 January 2020

Wi-Fi fingerprinting positioning systems have been deployed for a long time in location-based services for indoor environments. Combining mobile crowdsensing and Wi-Fi fingerprinting systems could reduce the high cost of collecting the necessary data...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,626 Views
20 Pages

5 February 2020

Wi-Fi based positioning has great potential for use in indoor environments because Wi-Fi signals are near-ubiquitous in many indoor environments. With a Reference Fingerprint Map (RFM), fingerprint matching can be adopted for positioning. Much assist...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
9,035 Views
15 Pages

3 September 2013

Ubiquitous positioning provides continuous positional information in both indoor and outdoor environments for a wide spectrum of location based service (LBS) applications. With the rapid development of the low-cost and high speed data communication,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
7,702 Views
19 Pages

11 November 2016

A method of location fingerprinting based on the Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS) in an indoor environment is presented. The method aims to overcome the RSS instability due to varying channel disturbances in time by introducing the concept of inv...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,263 Views
38 Pages

UTMInDualSymFi: A Dual-Band Wi-Fi Dataset for Fingerprinting Positioning in Symmetric Indoor Environments

  • Asim Abdullah,
  • Muhammad Haris,
  • Omar Abdul Aziz,
  • Rozeha A. Rashid and
  • Ahmad Shahidan Abdullah

1 January 2023

Recent studies on indoor positioning using Wi-Fi fingerprinting are motivated by the ubiquity of Wi-Fi networks and their promising positioning accuracy. Machine learning algorithms are commonly leveraged in indoor positioning works. The performance...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,616 Views
37 Pages

9 January 2021

A guidance and information service for a University library based on Wi-Fi signals using fingerprinting as chosen localization method is under development at TU Wien. After a thorough survey of suitable location technologies for the application it wa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Systems for Indoor Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,044 Views
19 Pages

12 July 2023

An accurate indoor positioning system (IPS) for the public has become an essential function with the fast development of smart city-related applications. The performance of the current IPS is limited by the complex indoor environments, the poor perfo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Concurrent Positioning, Mapping and Perception of Multi-Source Data Fusion for Smart Applications II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
7,924 Views
21 Pages

19 September 2019

This paper studies the indoor localization based on Wi-Fi received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In addition to position estimation, this study examines the expansion of applications using Wi-Fi RSSI data sets in three areas: (i) feature extracti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,399 Views
20 Pages

27 October 2022

Crowdsourced localization using geo-spatial big data has become an effective approach for constructing smart-city-based location services with the fast growing number of Internet of Things terminals. This paper presents a self-calibrated multi-floor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Position and Navigation under GNSS Signal Challenging or Denied Environments II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
195 Views
23 Pages

19 September 2026

Wi-Fi fingerprint-based positioning has been widely deployed for indoor localization due to its low deployment cost and good environmental adaptability. Nevertheless, positioning accuracy is significantly degraded by signal interference, redundant ac...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,970 Views
19 Pages

13 November 2024

Weighted k-nearest neighbor (WKNN)-based Wi-Fi fingerprinting is popular in indoor location-based services due to its ease of implementation and low computational cost. KNN-based methods rely on distance metrics to select the nearest neighbors. Howev...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,685 Views
19 Pages

Wi-Fi fingerprinting is a widely adopted technique for indoor localization in location-based services (LBS) due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of deployment using existing infrastructure. However, the performance of these systems often suffers du...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Network: Latest Advances and Prospects)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,107 Views
17 Pages

Confidentiality Preserved Federated Learning for Indoor Localization Using Wi-Fi Fingerprinting

  • Rajeev Kumar,
  • Renu Popli,
  • Vikas Khullar,
  • Isha Kansal and
  • Ashutosh Sharma

10 August 2023

For the establishment of future ubiquitous location-aware applications, a scalable indoor localization technique is essential technology. Numerous classification techniques for indoor localization exist, but none have proven to be as quick, secure, a...

(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,936 Views
21 Pages

2 October 2016

Localization systems are increasingly valuable, but their location estimates are only useful when the uncertainty of the estimate is known. This uncertainty is currently calculated as the location error given a ground truth, which is then used as a s...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
7,136 Views
19 Pages

13 November 2013

A Kalman/map filtering (KMF)-aided fast normalized cross correlation (FNCC)-based Wi-Fi fingerprinting location sensing system is proposed in this paper. Compared with conventional neighbor selection algorithms that calculate localization results wit...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
246 Citations
22,097 Views
25 Pages

Indoor Fingerprint Positioning Based on Wi-Fi: An Overview

  • Shixiong Xia,
  • Yi Liu,
  • Guan Yuan,
  • Mingjun Zhu and
  • Zhaohui Wang

The widely applied location-based services require a high standard for positioning technology. Currently, outdoor positioning has been a great success; however, indoor positioning technologies are in the early stages of development. Therefore, this p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Indoor Modelling and Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,404 Views
12 Pages

1 September 2024

Wi-Fi fingerprint indoor localization uses Wi-Fi signal strength measurements obtained from a number of access points. This method needs manual data collection across a positioning area and an annotation process to label locations to the measurement...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Techniques for Indoor Positioning and Localization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,368 Views
15 Pages

Near Relation-Based Indoor Positioning Method under Sparse Wi-Fi Fingerprints

  • Yankun Wang,
  • Renzhong Guo,
  • Weixi Wang,
  • Xiaoming Li and ,
  • Shengjun Tang,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Luyao Wang,
  • Liang Chen,
  • You Li and
  • Wenqun Xiu
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

Indoor positioning is of great importance in the era of mobile computing. Currently, considerable focus has been on RSS-based locations because they can provide position information without additional equipment. However, this method suffers from two...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends in Location Based Services and Science)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,120 Views
11 Pages

16 April 2021

The recurrent neural network (RNN) model, which is a deep-learning network that can memorize past information, is used in this paper to memorize continuous movements in indoor positioning to reduce positioning error. To use an RNN model in Wi-Fi-fing...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Inspired Robotic Mechanisms, Control, and Multimodal Sensor Fusion for Human-Robot Coexistence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,712 Views
18 Pages

25 May 2021

Smartphones are increasingly becoming an efficient platform for solving indoor positioning problems. Fingerprint-based positioning methods are popular because of the wide deployment of wireless local area networks in indoor environments and the lack...

(This article belongs to the Section Navigation and Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,078 Views
37 Pages

Game-Theoretic Obfuscation of Wi-Fi MAC-Layer Traffic Against IoT Device Fingerprinting Attacks

  • Abdulmajeed Alghamdi,
  • Mnassar Alyami,
  • Inad Alqurashi and
  • Cliff C. Zou

23 July 2026

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in smart homes are vulnerable to passive traffic fingerprinting, where an adversary captures encrypted IEEE 802.11 frames and identifies devices using MAC-layer metadata such as packet sizes and inter-arrival times. E...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
9,664 Views
17 Pages

To accommodate the rapidly increasing demand for connected infrastructure, automation for industrial sites and building smart cities, the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based solutions is considered one of the major trends in modern day indu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Opportunities of IoT Deployments—Avoiding the Internet of Junk)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,984 Views
18 Pages

26 May 2022

To improve the user’s positioning accuracy of a Wi-Fi fingerprint-based positioning algorithm, this study proposes a graph optimization model based on the framework of g2o that fuses a Wi-Fi fingerprint and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ranging te...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Approaches for Indoor Localization and Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,209 Views
13 Pages

Indoor localization technology is becoming increasingly widespread, but traditional methods for constructing Wi-Fi fingerprint databases face significant challenges, particularly in large, multi-room environments. These methods often suffer from low...

  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
163 Citations
16,985 Views
17 Pages

Long-Term WiFi Fingerprinting Dataset for Research on Robust Indoor Positioning

  • Germán Martín Mendoza-Silva,
  • Philipp Richter,
  • Joaquín Torres-Sospedra,
  • Elena Simona Lohan and
  • Joaquín Huerta

16 January 2018

WiFi fingerprinting, one of the most popular methods employed in indoor positioning, currently faces two major problems: lack of robustness to short and long time signal changes and difficult reproducibility of new methods presented in the relevant l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,725 Views
18 Pages

Fingerprint Positioning Method for Dual-Band Wi-Fi Based on Gaussian Process Regression and K-Nearest Neighbor

  • Hongji Cao,
  • Yunjia Wang,
  • Jingxue Bi,
  • Meng Sun and ,
  • Hongxia Qi and
  • Shenglei Xu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Since many Wi-Fi routers can currently transmit two-band signals, we aimed to study dual-band Wi-Fi to achieve better positioning results. Thus, this paper proposes a fingerprint positioning method for dual-band Wi-Fi based on Gaussian process regres...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Localization and Navigation (GIS Ostrava 2021))
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
5,066 Views
21 Pages

1 January 2020

Currently, indoor locations based on the received signal strength (RSS) of Wi-Fi are attracting more and more attention thanks to the technology’s low cost, low power consumption and wide availability in mobile devices. However, the accuracy of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,982 Views
15 Pages

A Semi-Simulated RSS Fingerprint Construction for Indoor Wi-Fi Positioning

  • Yuan Yang,
  • Peng Dai,
  • Haoqian Huang,
  • Manyi Wang and
  • Yujin Kuang

24 September 2020

Fingerprinting-based Wi-Fi positioning has increased in popularity due to its existing infrastructure and wide coverage. However, in the offline phase of fingerprinting positioning, the construction and maintenance of a Received Signal Strength (RSS)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Positioning Techniques)
  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,343 Views
16 Pages

5 July 2022

With the continuous development and improvement in Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, indoor localization has received considerable attention. Particularly, owing to its unique advantages, the Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor-localization method has...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,832 Views
13 Pages

13 October 2021

Over the years, WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements have been widely implemented for determining the location of a user’s position in an indoor environment, where the GPS signal might not be received. This method utilizes a hu...

(This article belongs to the Section Navigation and Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,358 Views
26 Pages

A Novel Valued Tolerance Rough Set and Decision Rules Method for Indoor Positioning Using WiFi Fingerprinting

  • Ninh Duong-Bao,
  • Jing He,
  • Luong Nguyen Thi,
  • Khanh Nguyen-Huu and
  • Seon-Woo Lee

30 July 2022

In recent years, due to the ubiquitous presence of WiFi access points in buildings, the WiFi fingerprinting method has become one of the most promising approaches for indoor positioning applications. However, the performance of this method is vulnera...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Occupancy and Indoor Positioning Services)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
690 Views
20 Pages

24 April 2026

WiFi fingerprinting remains attractive for indoor localization because it reuses existing wireless infrastructure, yet RSSI fingerprints are high-dimensional, sparse, and often ambiguous across adjacent floors and building regions. This study develop...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI and Big Data in Internet of Things: Collection, Management and Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
103 Citations
9,604 Views
17 Pages

5 February 2021

WiFi is widely used for indoor positioning because of its advantages such as long transmission distance and ease of use indoors. To improve the accuracy and robustness of indoor WiFi fingerprint localization technology, this paper proposes a position...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,787 Views
14 Pages

21 June 2019

Trusted positioning data are very important for the fusion of Bluetooth fingerprint positioning (BFP) and Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning (WFP). This paper proposes an adaptive Bluetooth/Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning method based on Gaussian process re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Modeling, Signal Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Sensor Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,144 Views
16 Pages

Determining Commercial Parking Vacancies Employing Multiple WiFiRSSI Fingerprinting Method

  • Elmer Magsino,
  • Juan Miguel Carlo Barrameda,
  • Andrei Puno,
  • Spencer Ong and ,
  • Cyrill Siapco and
  • Jolo Vibal
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

In this study, we implemented a parking occupancy/vacancy detection system (POVD) in a scaled-down model of a parking system for commercial centers by employing multiple WiFi access points. By exploiting the presence of WiFi routers installed in a co...

(This article belongs to the Section Network Services and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,680 Views
27 Pages

13 June 2024

Large-scale multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization has recently been the focus of intense research in indoor localization based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting. Although significant progress has been made in developing indoor localization algorit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Indoor LBS with Emerging Sensor Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,251 Views
19 Pages

14 May 2021

Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS) fingerprint-based indoor positioning has been widely used because of its low cost and universality advantages. However, the Wi-Fi RSS is greatly affected by multipath interference in indoor environments, which can...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Energy Perspective on Mobile Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
72 Citations
5,508 Views
20 Pages

18 May 2019

WiFi fingerprint positioning has been widely used in the indoor positioning field. The weighed K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) algorithm is one of the most widely used deterministic algorithms. The traditional WKNN algorithm uses Euclidean distance or Manh...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
125 Citations
12,377 Views
23 Pages

WiFi Indoor Localization with CSI Fingerprinting-Based Random Forest

  • Yanzhao Wang,
  • Chundi Xiu,
  • Xuanli Zhang and
  • Dongkai Yang

31 August 2018

WiFi fingerprinting indoor positioning systems have extensive applied prospects. However, a vast amount of data in a particular environment has to be gathered to establish a fingerprinting database. Deficiencies of these systems are the lack of unive...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,739 Views
18 Pages

25 September 2023

Recently, various application fields utilizing Wi-Fi fingerprint data have been under research. However, fingerprint data collected from a specific location does not include relevant information, such as continuity. Therefore, most indoor positioning...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Information & Communication Engineering 2023)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
749 Views
19 Pages

11 January 2026

Indoor WiFi fingerprint localization often suffers from abnormal fluctuations in received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements and from the sensitivity of least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) hyperparameters to local optima. To addre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,381 Views
14 Pages

10 October 2018

Fingerprint is a typical indoor-positioning algorithm, which measures the strength of wireless signals and creates a radio map. Using this radio map, the position is estimated through comparisons with the received signal strength measured in real-tim...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Fusion and Novel Technologies in Positioning and Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,182 Views
21 Pages

Detection of Access Point Spoofing in the Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Based Positioning

  • Juraj Machaj,
  • Clément Safon,
  • Slavomír Matúška and
  • Peter Brída

28 November 2024

Indoor positioning based on Wi-Fi signals has gained a lot of attention lately. There are many advantages related to the use of Wi-Fi signals for positioning, including the availability of Wi-Fi access points in indoor environments and the integratio...

(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,732 Views
23 Pages

Improving Wi-Fi Fingerprint Positioning with a Pose Recognition-Assisted SVM Algorithm

  • Shuai Zhang,
  • Jiming Guo,
  • Nianxue Luo,
  • Lei Wang and ,
  • Wei Wang and
  • Kai Wen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

17 March 2019

The fingerprint method has been widely adopted for Wi-Fi indoor positioning. In the fingerprint matching process, user poses and user body shadowing have serious impact on the received signal strength (RSS) data and degrade matching accuracy; however...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Concurrent Positioning, Mapping and Perception of Multi-source Data Fusion for Smart Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,469 Views
13 Pages

13 December 2024

Indoor positioning systems have become increasingly important due to the rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, especially for providing precise location-based services in complex environments such as multi-floor campus buildings....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks in the IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
532 Views
23 Pages

26 August 2026

Generative data augmentation has been widely explored in Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor localization to reduce the cost of dense radiomap construction, with many studies reporting substantial localization improvements. However, these comparisons typi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Indoor Positioning Accuracy and Reliability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,707 Views
19 Pages

RELoc: An Enhanced 3D WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Algorithm with RFECV Feature Selection

  • Shehu Lukman Ayinla,
  • Azrina Abd Aziz,
  • Micheal Drieberg,
  • Misfa Susanto and
  • Anis Laouiti

4 January 2026

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms has enhanced WiFi fingerprinting-based indoor localization. However, most existing approaches are limited to 2D coordinate estimation, which leads to significant performance declines in multi-floor e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Localization Techniques Based on Wireless Communication)
  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
7,640 Views
29 Pages

30 October 2015

The weighted k-nearest neighbors (WkNN) algorithm is by far the most popular choice in the design of fingerprinting indoor positioning systems based on WiFi received signal strength (RSS). WkNN estimates the position of a target device by selecting k...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Indoor Mapping and Navigation)

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