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17 pages, 1040 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of the Pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea

by Petya K. Christova, Ana M. Dobreva, Anatoli G. Dzhurmanski, Ivayla N. Dincheva, Stela D. Dimkova and Nadejda G. Zapryanova

Life 2024, 14(7), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070817 - 27 Jun 2024

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2507

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive and hazardous species has become more significant in last decades. Therefore, the identification and characterization of essential oils with a strong inhibitory activity against aggressive and widespread pathogens are of key importance in plant protection research. The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of essential oils originating from different genotypes of bee balm, mint, and marigold on Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea. Twelve essential oils, including five EOs originating from Monarda fistulosa, one oil each from Monarda russeliana, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Tagetes patula, and Tagetes erecta, and two EOs from Tagetes tenuifolia were derived by steam or water distillation. The chemical composition of the tested EOs was determined by GS-MS analyses and their corresponding chemotypes were identified. The most effective against all three pathogens were determined to be the EOs originating from M. fistulosa and M. russeliana. B. cinerea, and P. pseudocryptogea were also significantly affected by the M. piperita essential oil. The most efficient EOs involved in this investigation and their potential to control plant pathogens are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

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25 pages, 2812 KB

Open AccessReview

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Used by the Tenggerese Society in Java Island of Indonesia

by Ari Satia Nugraha, Riza Putri Agustina, Syafi Mirza, Dinar Mutia Rani, Naura Bathari Winarto, Bawon Triatmoko, Antonius Nugraha Widhi Pratama, Paul A. Keller and Phurpa Wangchuk

Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7532; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217532 - 3 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 9758

Abstract

The archipelagic country of Indonesia is inhabited by 300 ethnic groups, including the indigenous people of Tengger. Based on the reported list of medicinal plants used by the Tengger community, we have reviewed each of them for their phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Out of a total of 41 medicinal plants used by the Tengerrese people, 33 species were studied for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. More than 554 phytochemicals with diverse molecular structures belonging to different chemical classes including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and volatiles were identified from these studied 34 medicinal plants. Many of these medicinal plants and their compounds have been tested for various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, headache, antimalarial and hypertension. Five popularly used medicinal plants by the healers were Garcinia mangostana, Apium graveolens, Cayratia clematidea, Drymocallis arguta and Elaeocarpus longifolius. Only A. graviolens were previously studied, with the outcomes supporting the pharmacological claims to treat hypertension. Few unexplored medicinal plants are Physalis lagascae, Piper amplum, Rosa tomentosa and Tagetes tenuifolia, and they present great potential for biodiscovery and drug lead identification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)

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24 pages, 6037 KB

Open AccessArticle

Biological Traits and Genetic Relationships Amongst Cultivars of Three Species of Tagetes (Asteraceae)

by Raluca Cicevan, Adriana F. Sestras, Mariola Plazas, Monica Boscaiu, Santiago Vilanova, Pietro Gramazio, Oscar Vicente, Jaime Prohens and Radu E. Sestras

Plants 2022, 11(6), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060760 - 12 Mar 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7425

Abstract

Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) are multifunctional flowering plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, well-known and widespread for their ornamental value and many other uses. In this study, morphological differences and genetic relationships among 21 cultivars of three species of marigold (Tagetes patula, T. erecta and T. tenuifolia) were analysed. Results have revealed obvious differences among genotypes, starting from the morphological characteristics of the seeds and their capacity to germinate to adult plant morphological characteristics, both between cultivars and species. The genotypic differences were manifested in considerable variation in the development of phenological stages and the main morphological traits of plants and flowers. PCA and hierarchical clustering analyses of morphological traits revealed a homogeneous grouping of cultivars within each species, except for Orion, belonging to T. patula, which was closer to T. erecta cultivars. A subset of 13 cultivars from the three species was subjected to SSR analysis, revealing considerable genetic diversity and good separation between T. patula on the one side and T. erecta and T. tenuifolia on the other. The observed heterozygosity was much lower than the expected heterozygosity, revealing a high degree of fixation. The results reveal that the three species evaluated have considerable morphological and genetic diversity, which has important implications for assessing genetic diversity, conserving germplasm and selecting parents for new breeding works in marigolds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Plant Breeding)

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13 pages, 1559 KB

Open AccessArticle

Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of Tagetes

by Xorla Kanfra, Taye Obawolu, Andreas Wrede, Bernhard Strolka, Traud Winkelmann, Bernd Hardeweg and Holger Heuer

Horticulturae 2021, 7(11), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110433 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4031

Abstract

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of Tagetes as a control option. In a pot experiment, Tagetes patula or Tagetes tenuifolia were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from Tagetes treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of Tagetes species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either Tagetes or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from Tagetes plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on Tagetes-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, Tagetes alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biotic and Abiotic Stress)

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35 pages, 563 KB

Open AccessReview

Tagetes spp. Essential Oils and Other Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity

by Bahare Salehi, Marco Valussi, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga, Joara Nalyda Pereira Carneiro, Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Sara Vitalini, Dorota Kręgiel, Hubert Antolak, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva, Zubaida Yousaf, Miquel Martorell, Marcello Iriti, Simone Carradori and Javad Sharifi-Rad

Molecules 2018, 23(11), 2847; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112847 - 1 Nov 2018

Cited by 117 | Viewed by 17574

Abstract

Tagetes (marigold) is native to America, and its cultivation currently extends to other countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Many species of this genus, such as T. minuta, T. erecta, T. patula, and T. tenuifolia, are cultivated as ornamental plants and studied for their medicinal properties on the basis of their use in folk medicine. Different parts of the Tagetes species are used as remedies to treat various health problems, including dental, stomach, intestinal, emotional, and nervous disorders, as well as muscular pain, across the world. Furthermore, these plants are studied in the field of agriculture for their fungicidal, bactericidal, and insecticidal activities. The phytochemical composition of the extracts of different Tagetes species parts are reported in this work. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory properties. Cultivation and the factors affecting the chemical composition of Tagetes species are also covered. In the current work, available literature on Tagetes species in traditional medicine, their application as a food preservative, and their antimicrobial activities are reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Product Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry)

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