Search Results (1,074)

The performance of New Zealand’s construction companies depends on the adaptability and skills of their workforce. The soft skills of the company’s building professionals are thought to contribute to the delivery of successful construction projects. This pilot study captures the perceptions of the importance of critical soft skills in semi-structured interviews with thirteen Quantity Surveyors (QSs) and fourteen Project Managers (PMs) working in New Zealand. For both cohorts the most important skill is communication, followed by workplace ethics. An exploratory Mann–Whitney U comparison suggests a difference in their ranking of emotional intelligence in interactions with other stakeholders, with PM deeming it more important than QS. Within-cohort Spearman rank correlation shows different patterns of association among soft-skill clusters for QS and PM, offering contextual insight rather than confirmatory inference. After communication and ethics, QS prioritise dispute resolution while PM value project reasoning. A combination of individual traits and practical experience influences the successful transition from a QS role to the broader PM role. The findings are limited by the small sample size but may be useful in professional development courses and recruitment efforts, contributing to a more adaptable and flexible construction workforce. Full article

In complex energy storage operating scenarios, batteries seldom undergo complete charge–discharge cycles required for periodic capacity calibration. Methods based on accelerated aging experiments can indicate possible aging paths; however, due to uncertainties like changing operating conditions, environmental variations, and manufacturing inconsistencies, the degradation information obtained from such experiments may not be applicable to the entire lifecycle. To address this, we developed a stage-wise state-of-health (SOH) prediction approach that combined offline training with online updating. During the offline training phase, multiple single-cell experiments were conducted under various combinations of depth of discharge (DOD) and C-rate. Multi-dimensional health features (HFs) were extracted, and an accelerated aging probability $p_{AA}$ was defined. Based on the correlation statistics between HFs, $k_{HF}$, the SOH, and $p_{AA}$, all cells in the dataset were divided into general early, middle, and late aging stages. For each stage, cells were further classified by their longevity (long, medium, and short), and multiple models were trained offline for each category. The results show that models trained on cells following similar aging paths achieve significantly better performance than a model trained on all data combined. Meanwhile, HF optimization was performed via a three-step process: an initial screening based on expert knowledge, a second screening using Spearman correlation coefficients, and an automatic feature importance ranking using a random forest regression (RFR) model. The proposed method is innovative in the following ways: (1) The stage-wise multi-model strategy significantly improves the SOH prediction accuracy across the entire lifecycle, maintaining the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) within 1%. (2) The improved model provides uncertainty quantification, issuing a warning signal at least 50 cycles before the onset of accelerated aging. (3) The analysis of feature importance from the model outputs allows the indirect identification of the primary aging mechanisms at different stages. (4) The model is robust against missing or low-quality HFs. If certain features cannot be obtained or are of poor quality, the prediction process does not fail. Full article

Background/Objectives: Frailty, a syndrome characterized by diminished physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors, is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in heart failure. The MECKI (Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Index) score, derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and renal function parameters, has demonstrated prognostic value in HF patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of physical frailty on mortality in patients with advanced heart failure and to compare it directly with the MECKI score. Methods: A total of 104 patients with advanced HF receiving optimized guideline-directed medical therapy were prospectively enrolled. At baseline, all patients underwent clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory assessment and CPET for MECKI score calculation. Physical frailty was assessed using a modified Fried phenotype tailored for HF. The composite endpoint comprised all-cause mortality, urgent heart transplantation, or LVAD implantation. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 30.0 ± 15.3 months, there were 25 deaths, 5 urgent heart transplants, and 1 LVAD implantation. Patients who experienced the composite outcome had significantly worse NYHA class, higher NT-proBNP, lower VO₂max, higher VE/VCO₂ slope, higher frailty, and higher MECKI score (all p < 0.001). Frailty was significantly correlated with all MECKI score components, as demonstrated by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Both frailty (HR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.22–2.93; p = 0.005) and MECKI score (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.08; p = 0.037) independently predicted outcomes. ROC analysis showed high and comparable discriminative performance (AUC = 0.86 for frailty; AUC = 0.88 for MECKI). Conclusions: Physical frailty and MECKI scores independently predict mortality and adverse events in advanced HF. Physical frailty, despite its simplicity and low cost, provides prognostic insight comparable to the MECKI score and may represent a practical alternative when CPET is unavailable. Full article

Background/Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound (US) in fetal limb abnormalities. As a secondary target, we wanted to correlate various predictors for the diagnosis accuracy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled cases with routine prenatal US performed in five participating centers. Subsequently, we selected and processed all cases with limb abnormalities: suspected, diagnosed, and missed on the prenatal diagnosis scans. We collected data on the type of anomaly, the US equipment and probes used, the operator’s expertise, the gestational age at the diagnosis, the length of the examination, and the use of US reporting form. SPSS 22.0 software was applied to perform the analyses using non-parametric statistical methods. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square tests. For correlations between the gestational age and the anomaly severity, we used Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Predictive performance of operator- and scan-related variables for diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with area under the curve (AUC) estimates, standard errors (SE), confidence intervals (95% CI), and p-values reported. Results: Our data showed that most US examinations were performed as part of routine screening (79.7%), and the most frequent anomaly diagnosed was clubfoot. Operators’ expertise demonstrated the highest predictive performance, while technical parameters—scan duration (AUC = 0.20, p = 0.1188) and US equipment (AUC = 0.30, p = 0.3478)—did not significantly predict diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The overall diagnostic accuracy of prenatal US was 85.5%. Our findings indicate that diagnostic performance is driven primarily by operator expertise and training, rather than by gestational age at scan and technical parameters. Full article

Urban tree canopy is increasingly recognized as a health-protective form of green infrastructure, yet its distribution remains uneven across socioeconomically stratified neighborhoods. This study quantifies fine-scale tree-canopy inequity across Census Block Groups (CBGs) in Baltimore and examines associations with socioeconomic deprivation and modeled pollution-related cancer risk. We integrated (i) 2023 US Forest Service canopy estimates aggregated to CBGs, (ii) Area Deprivation Index (ADI) national and state ranks, (iii) American Community Survey 5-year population counts, and (iv) EPA NATA/HAPs cancer-risk estimates aggregated to CBGs using population-weighted means. Associations were assessed using Spearman correlations and visualized with LOESS smoothers. Canopy was negatively associated with ADI national and state ranks (ρ = −0.509 and −0.503), explaining 29–31% of canopy variation. Population-weighted canopy declined from 47–51% in the least deprived decile to 13–15% in the most deprived (3.4–4.1× disparity). Beyond socioeconomic gradients, overall distributional inequity was quantified using a population-weighted Tree Canopy Inequality Index (TCI; weighted Gini), yielding TCI = 0.312, indicating substantial inequality. The population-weighted Atkinson index rose sharply under increasing inequality aversion (A_0.5 = 0.084; A₂ = 0.402), revealing extreme canopy deficits concentrated among the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. Canopy was also negatively associated with modeled cancer risk (ρ = −0.363). We constructed a Triple Burden Index integrating canopy deficit, deprivation, and cancer risk, identifying spatially clustered high-burden neighborhoods that collectively house over 86,000 residents. These findings demonstrate that canopy inequity in Baltimore is structurally concentrated and support equity-targeted greening and sustained maintenance strategies guided by distributional justice metrics. Full article

Background/Objectives: Male infertility contributes to nearly half of global infertility cases, yet conventional semen analysis is insufficient to predict assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is a promising biomarker of genomic integrity, but clinical implementation remains hindered by methodological heterogeneity. This study compared two SDF assays—TUNEL and Acridine Orange (AO)—regarding their correlations with semen parameters and ICSI outcomes. Methods: Sixty men undergoing ICSI were prospectively enrolled. SDF was analyzed using two flow cytometric assays: TUNEL (detecting DNA strand breaks) and AO (assessing chromatin instability). Semen quality and ICSI outcomes (fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, and embryo utilization rates) were evaluated. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s rank correlation and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Median SDF levels were significantly higher by TUNEL than AO (17.2% vs. 10.15%; p = 0.0065). Inter-assay correlation was weak (r = 0.299, p = 0.01). AO-derived SDF correlated positively with age (r = 0.311, p = 0.02), while TUNEL showed no such trend. Neither assay correlated significantly with semen parameters or ICSI outcomes, although AO tended to associate with lower motility and slightly reduced top-quality embryo rates. Conclusions: TUNEL and AO capture distinct facets of sperm DNA damage. Their limited correlation and lack of predictive value for ICSI outcomes highlight the need for assay-specific interpretation and standardization. Integration of SDF with additional biomarkers and oocyte factors may enhance its clinical utility. Full article

Background/Objectives: In this study, we aimed to validate and psychometrically evaluate a tool for examining sleep disorders in Polish children. Methods: This study involved a randomly selected sample of 348 children aged 6 to 15 years, sourced from preschools, primary schools, and secondary schools in a city with a population exceeding 100,000, in addition to two smaller towns in Poland. Parents were asked to complete the Sleep Disorders Scale for Children (SDSC) in conjunction with a sociodemographic survey. The tool’s reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), and correlations among various domains were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rs). Results: The study demonstrated excellent internal consistency for the SDSC, with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.9. The individual subscales also exhibited acceptable reliability values, ranging from 0.69 to 0.83. Considering T-scores over 70 as indicative of a problem, we identified at least one sleep disorder in 65 participants (18.68%). The most common issues included sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY; 7.47%), disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES; 7.18%), and sleep–wake transition disorders (SWTDs; 5.75%). Students in secondary education were more likely to experience disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), disorders of arousal (DA), and DOES. Conclusions: Based on our findings, the Polish version of the SDSC may be considered a reliable and effective tool for assessing sleep disturbances in school-age children and adolescents. Full article

The estimation of correlation matrices in high-dimensional data streams presents a fundamental conflict between computational efficiency and statistical robustness. Moment-based estimators, such as Pearson’s correlation, offer linear $O\left(N\right)$ complexity but lack robustness. In contrast, high-breakdown methods like the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) are computationally prohibitive ($O(N{p}^2+p^3)$) for real-time applications. This paper introduces Fast Outlier-Robust Correlation Estimation (FORCE), a streaming algorithm that performs adaptive coordinate-wise trimming using the $P^2$ algorithm for streaming quantile approximation, requiring only $O\left(p\right)$ memory independent of stream length. We evaluate FORCE against six baseline algorithms—including exact trimmed methods (TP-Exact, TP-TER) that use $O(NlogN)$ sorting with $O\left(Np\right)$ storage—across five benchmark datasets spanning synthetic, financial, medical, and genomic domains. FORCE achieves speedups of approximately 470× over FastMCD and 3.9× over Spearman’s rank correlation. On S&P 500 financial data, coordinate-wise trimmed methods substantially outperform FastMCD: TP-Exact achieves the best RMSE (0.0902), followed by TP-TER (0.0909) and FORCE (0.1186), compared to FastMCD’s 0.1606. This result demonstrates that coordinate-wise trimming better accommodates volatility clustering in financial time series than multivariate outlier exclusion. FORCE achieves 76% of TP-Exact’s accuracy while requiring ${10}^4\times$ less memory, enabling robust estimation in true streaming environments where data cannot be retained for batch processing. We validate the 25% breakdown point shared by all IQR-based trimmed methods using the ODDS-satellite benchmark (31.7% contamination), confirming identical degradation for FORCE, TP-Exact, and TP-TER. For memory-constrained streaming applications with contamination below 25%, FORCE provides the only viable path to robust correlation estimation with bounded memory. Full article

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 10–15% of women of reproductive age and is frequently associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Non-invasive biomarkers remain insufficient for accurate diagnosis, often necessitating laparoscopic confirmation. The fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), a composite marker of systemic inflammation, has been proposed in both oncological and cardiovascular disease but has not yet been evaluated in endometriosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric study including 390 women who underwent laparoscopy between January 2015 and December 2021 at the Medical University of Vienna. Of these, 218 had histologically confirmed endometriosis and 172 had benign ovarian cysts. Preoperative laboratory data was collected, and FAR was calculated. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. ANOVA was used to compare FAR across revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) stages, and Spearman’s rank correlation assessed associations with disease severity. Subgroup analyses were performed for adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Results: FAR was significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls (median 0.0679, IQR 0.0588–0.0778 vs. 0.0641, IQR 0.0559–0.716; p = 0.0035). Across rASRM stages I–IV, FAR values were comparable (means 0.0691–0.0709) and did not differ significantly (p = 0.822, ANOVA). Spearman’s correlation confirmed no significant association with disease stage (ρ = 0.085, p = 0.24). In exploratory analyses, women with adenomyosis (n = 35) showed a non-significant trend toward a higher median FAR compared to those without adenomyosis (0.0707 vs. 0.0669; p = 0.073, one-sided). No difference in FAR was observed between women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE; n = 144) and those without (0.0680 vs. 0.0672; p = 0.389, one-sided). Conclusions: Although FAR alone cannot replace surgical confirmation, the difference observed between the groups may reflect the systemic inflammatory aspect of endometriosis and should be investigated further in future studies. Given its accessibility and cost-effectiveness, FAR may support the development of non-invasive, personalized diagnostic approaches when combined with other clinical and molecular markers. Full article

Growing evidence has revealed that gut dysbiosis is associated with the development of anxio-depressive disorders through mechanisms that involve neuroimmune signaling, neurotransmitter changes, and neuroplasticity in the brain. This study investigated the effects of gingerol-enriched ginger (GEG) on specifically anxiety-related neuroinflammation-, neuroimmunity-, neuroplasticity-, neurotransmission-, and neurotoxicity-associated genes in different brain regions, as well as on alterations linked to colonic microflora-driven dysbiosis, in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Twenty-seven male rats were assigned to 3 groups: sham, SNL, and SNL-treated with GEG at 200 mg/kg body weight (SNL+200GEG) via oral gavage for 5 weeks. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed on the elevated plus maze (EPM). mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR using respective primers. Correlation between behavioral parameters and colonic microbiome composition was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation. The SNL+200GEG group demonstrated decreased anxiety-like behavior in the SNL model. Compared to the SNL group, the SNL+200GEG group had increased mRNA expression of NRF2 (amygdala: left), LXRα (amygdala: both sides), and CX3CR1 (amygdala: both sides, hippocampus: right). GEG modulated neuroplasticity as shown by increased gene expression of PGK1 (amygdala: right, hippocampus: both sides), MEK1 (frontal cortex: both sides), LDHA (frontal cortex: both sides), GPM6A (frontal cortex: both sides, amygdala: right, hippocampus: right, and hypothalamus), and GLUT1 (amygdala: right) as well by decreased gene expression of HIF1α (in all brain regions except for the hypothalamus). GEG modulated neurotransmission via clearance of excessive glutamate release as suggested by increased gene expression of SLC1A3 (frontal cortex: both sides, hippocampus: right) and via augmenting mGluR5 signaling as shown by increased gene expression of GRM5 (hippocampus: both sides, hypothalamus) as well as downregulation of KMO, HAAO, GRIN2B, and GRIN2C influencing downstream serotonergic neurotransmission and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic pathways in different brain regions. GEG further alleviated neurotoxicity through downregulated gene expression of SIRT1, KMO, IDO1, and HAAO in different brain regions. Moreover, the increased relative abundance of Bilophila spp., accompanied by decreased time spent in the EPM open arms, suggests that increased Bilophila abundance increases anxiety-like behavior. GEG supplementation mitigated anxiety-like behavior in male rats with NP, at least in part, by reducing SNL-induced inflammatory sequelae-related mRNA gene expression in different brain regions. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the abundance of Bilophila wadsworthia and the degree of anxiety-like behavior. Full article

Background/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a global health problem, as it can cause permanent joint damage, leading to irreversible disability. Therefore, there is a need for accessible and non-invasive alternative examinations, such as USG, serum COMP, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] assessment. This study aims to analyze the correlation between serum COMP and 25(OH)D levels and the degree of articular cartilage degradation in patients with knee OA, based on findings from USG and MRI examinations. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, from December 2024 to August 2025. 31 patients diagnosed with knee OA based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria were enrolled. Serum COMP and 25(OH)D levels were measured. All patients underwent standardized USG and MRI examinations of the knee. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results: The majority of the study subjects were female, comprising 23 (74.2%). The mean age was 63.90 ± 7.77 years with a body mass index of 25.46 ± 5.51 kg/m². Most subjects were engaged in heavy physical activity 17 (54.8%). Laboratory examination showed serum COMP levels with a median of 869 ng/mL and a range of 136–3302 ng/mL. Meanwhile, the 25(OH)D level demonstrated a mean value of 24.84 ± 7.33 ng/mL. The analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between serum COMP levels and the degree of articular cartilage degradation in knee OA. This correlation was observed in both USG (r = 0.61; p < 0.001) and MRI assessments (r = 0.72; p < 0.001). In contrast, serum 25(OH)D levels showed no significant correlation with cartilage degradation. The correlation coefficient between 25(OH)D levels and USG-assessed cartilage degradation was r = −0.12 (p = 0.51), and for MRI assessment, it was r = 0.17 (p = 0.92). Conclusions: A strong and significant positive correlation exists between serum COMP levels and the degree of articular cartilage degradation based on USG (r = 0.61; p < 0.001) and MRI (r = 0.72; p < 0.001). In contrast, serum 25(OH)D levels showed no significant correlation with cartilage degradation, implying that 25(OH)D may not directly reflect the extent of structural cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis. This finding proves that an increase in serum COMP levels is associated with an increase in the degree of articular cartilage degradation in knee OA as measured by both USG and MRI. Full article

Aeromycoflora present in the library environment is known to play a significant role in triggering allergies and contributing to the deterioration of both cellulosic and non-cellulosic materials within the intramural setting of the Midnapore College Library. Fungal spores not only accelerate the aging and degradation of books but also pose considerable health risks to students, library visitors, and staff. In total, 480 fungal colonies belonging to 15 genera and 28 species were recorded using the culture plate exposure method. The predominant taxa included Aspergillus/Penicillium, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Penicillium oxalicum, Epicoccum sp., Fusarium solanii, Fusarium oxysporum, Periconia sp., Rhizopus sp., and other Penicillium species. Many of these fungi are well-documented allergens and have been reported to cause adverse health manifestations—such as respiratory discomfort and skin irritation—among students, teaching staff, and book handlers exposed to airborne mycobiota. The present study aimed to investigate the aeromycological diversity within the Midnapore College Library and to conduct immuno-clinical assessments to identify specific serum IgE using both in vivo and in vitro diagnostic techniques. Individuals frequently visiting the library reported symptoms including eye irritation, headaches, itchy skin, sore throat, and severe asthma. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant association between total and dominant spore concentrations and the health status of affected individuals. Clinico-immunological evaluations confirmed the allergenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus, with 39.5% of atopic individuals showing positive reactions in skin prick tests (SPT). Additionally, three novel sero-reactive proteins were identified, offering valuable insights for local clinicians in diagnosing and managing fungal-induced allergic conditions. Full article

The color design of architectural interior display spaces directly affects the effectiveness of cultural information communication and the visual cognitive experience of viewers. However, there is currently a lack of combined subjective and objective evaluation regarding how to scientifically translate and apply traditional color systems in modern contexts. This study takes the virtual display space of traditional Chinese floral arrangements as a case, aiming to construct an evaluation framework integrating the Semantic Differential Method and eye-tracking technology, to empirically examine how color schemes based on the translation of traditional aesthetics affect the subjective perception and objective visual attention behavior of modern viewers. Firstly, colors were extracted and translated from Song Dynasty paintings and literature, constructing five sets of culturally representative color combination samples, which were then applied to standardized virtual exhibition booths. Eye tracking data of 49 participants during free viewing were recorded via an eye-tracker, and their subjective ratings on four dimensions—cultural color atmosphere perception, color matching comfort level, artwork form clarity, and explanatory text clarity—were collected. Data analysis comprehensively employed linear mixed models, non-parametric tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. The results show that, regarding subjective perception, different color schemes exhibited significant differences in traditional feel, comfort, and text clarity, with Sample 4 and Sample 5 performing better on multiple indicators; a moderate-strength, significant positive correlation was found between traditional cultural atmosphere perception and color matching comfort. Regarding objective eye-tracking behavior, color significantly influenced the overall visual engagement duration and the processing depth of the text area. Among them, the color scheme of Sample 5 better promoted sustained reading of auxiliary textual information, while the total fixation duration obtained for Sample 4 was significantly shorter than that of other schemes. No direct correlation was found between subjective ratings and spontaneous eye-tracking behavior under the experimental conditions of this study; the depth of processing textual information was a key factor driving overall visual engagement. The research provides empirical evidence and design insights for the scientific application of color in spaces such as cultural heritage displays to optimize visual experience. Full article

This study examines urban–water synergy as the spatial coordination between urban expansion and water systems. Using land-use data from 2000 to 2020, the central urban areas of Jingzhou and Anqing are analyzed as representative small and medium-sized cities. Urban–water synergy is assessed across three dimensions: land-use synergy, pathway synergy, and directional synergy. These dimensions are quantified using four indicators: Urban–Water Interaction Intensity (UWII), Urban–Water Interaction Displacement (UWID), Spatial Path Alignment Distance (SPAD), and Directional Alignment Angle (DAA). The results show that Jingzhou and Anqing exhibit two distinct urban–water synergy modes: a convergent interaction mode characterized by increasing alignment in land-use interactions, spatial pathways, and directional tendencies, and a divergent synergy mode characterized by persistent separation across these dimensions. Differences between these synergy modes are associated with expansion pressure, physical template, and institutional mechanisms. Spearman rank correlation and principal component analysis suggest that institutional mechanisms constitute an independent analytical dimension and may be relevant for interpreting potential non-linear changes in urban–water interaction patterns. Based on these findings, this study discusses governance implications centered on institutional effectiveness, supported by spatial restoration and expansion regulation, for informing urban–water synergy governance in small and medium-sized cities. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured aneurysms poses significant morbidity and mortality risks. Among survivors, cerebral vasospasm can develop, increasing complications. This study investigates the relationship between blood parameters and the risk of vasospasm. Methods: We analyzed clinical data from patients with SAH—both with and without vasospasm—and healthy controls. Statistical analyses, including Spearman’s rank correlation and univariate analysis, were conducted. Results: Significant differences were observed between patients with and without vasospasm. Elevated white blood cell counts, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lower platelet counts showed a significant association with symptomatic vasospasm. Younger age and female gender were associated with a higher risk. Conclusions: These preliminary findings highlight the importance of specific blood parameters and demographic factors in assessing the risk of cerebral vasospasm in SAH patients, supporting early risk stratification and monitoring to improve outcomes; however, these results require validation in larger cohorts. Full article