Search Results (7)

Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) has been used in traditional medicine for immune-boosting, stress-reducing, and endurance-enhancing properties. In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of polar and non-polar fractions obtained from 75% methanol E. senticosus roots extract were evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used to assess the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, O₂^•−) and anti-enzymatic (hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase) activities. Metabolic profiling was carried out using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-DAD/ESI-TOF-MS. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 82.73 ± 0.065 µg/mL (DPPH) and 9.92 ± 0.17 µg/mL (ABTS). The EtOAc fraction also exhibited strong anti-enzymatic effects against hyaluronidase and α-amylase (125.24 ± 12.29 and 97.34 ± 9.18 µg/mL, resp.). In turn, the hexane fraction exhibited the most potent anti-AChE activity with IC₅₀ equal 245.72 ± 11.82 µg/mL. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of caffeic acid derivatives. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction may have therapeutic relevance in inflammation- and metabolic-related diseases. We perceive the potential of this fraction as a rich source of compounds with an anti-inflammatory activity; however, more advanced research in in vivo model is required. Full article

This comprehensive review focuses on Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), examining the phytochemical composition, traditional medicinal roles, ecological traits, and pharmacological effects. Native to Northeast Asia, ES is used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. The rhizomes and bark are utilized medicinally and valued for their adaptogenic properties that enhance stress resistance, boost mental and physical endurance, and exhibit immunostimulatory effects that strengthen the immune system. Its pharmacological potential stems from a variety of bioactive compounds, including eleutherosides, lignans, saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to health benefits such as neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antioxidative activities. Neuroprotective properties may aid in the management of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, while antidiabetic effects support glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity. With increasing demands and conservation concerns, sustainable cultivation practices are essential, as ES is endangered in some areas. Plant biotechnology techniques offer solutions to enhance secondary metabolite yields while ensuring genetic stability and minimizing environmental impacts. ES is a promising natural resource for various industries because of its extensive benefits. Still, its conservation and sustainable production are critical and require ongoing research and innovative cultivation strategies. Full article

Plants have played a key role in natural therapies for centuries, and their impact on the nervous system and the treatment of neurological disorders is of growing interest to scientists. Modern research confirms that plant substances can modulate neurotransmitters, reduce oxidative stress and support cognitive functions. Like humans, dogs also respond to plant compounds, which opens up new perspectives in veterinary medicine. The most well-known adaptogen is ginseng, and others include Siberian ginseng, Chinese magnolia vine, maral root, and golden root. These plants support the regulation of cortisol levels, neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Although research on adaptogens in humans is advanced, there is still a lack of data on their effects on dogs. Further research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness and safety in animal therapy. Full article

Overnutrition in high-density aquaculture can negatively affect the health of farmed fish. The Chinese herbal medicine Siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus, AS) can promote animal growth and immunity, and regulate lipid metabolism. Therefore, we conducted an 8-week experiment, in which Oreochromis niloticus was fed with a diet supplemented with different concentrations of AS water extract (ASW) (0‰, 0.1‰, 0.2‰, 0.4‰, 0.8‰, and 1.6‰). The ASW improved the growth performance and increased the specific growth rate (SGR). Linear regression analysis based on the SGR estimated that the optimal ASW amount was 0.74‰. Dietary supplementation with 0.4–0.8‰ ASW reduced the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, and regulated lipid transport by increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Dietary supplementation with ASW increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, ASW modulated the transcription of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway in the liver (upregulation of PPARα, APOA1b, and FABP10a and downregulation of PPARγ), thereby regulating fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and slowing fat deposition. These results showed that 0.4–0.8‰ ASW can slow fat deposition and protected the liver from cell damage and abnormal lipid metabolism. Full article

Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) derived from understory plants are attracting attention about sustainable forestry development. Geographical distribution and climate correlates of bioactive compounds are important to the regional management for the natural reserves of medical plants in forests. In this study, we collected Eleutherococcus senticosus individuals from 27 plots to map the special distribution of concentrations of eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, and isofraxidin in forests of Northeast China. Compound concentrations in both aerial and underground organs were further detected for relationships with the average of 20-year records of temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity (RH). We found higher shoot eleutheroside B concentration in populations in northern and low-temperature regions (R = −0.4394; P = 0.0218) and in eastern and high-RH montane forests (R = 0.5003; P = 0.0079). The maximum-likelihood regression indicated that both RH (Pr > Chi-square, 0.0201) and longitude (Pr > Chi-square, 0.0026) had positive contributions to eleutheroside B concentration in roots, but precipitation had strongly negative contributions to the concentrations of eleutheroside E (Pr > Chi-square, 0.0309) and isofraxidin (Pr > Chi-square, 0.0014) in roots. Both geography and climate factors had effects on the special distribution of medical compounds in E. senticosus plants in natural populations in Northeast China. The management of NWFP plants at the regional scale should consider effects from climatic geography. Full article

The name “ginseng” is collectively used to describe several plant species, including Panax ginseng (Asian/Oriental ginseng), P. quinquefolius (American ginseng), P. pseudoginseng (Pseudoginseng) and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng), each with different applications in traditional medicine practices. The use of a generic name may lead to the interchangeable use or substitution of raw materials which poses quality control challenges. Quality control methods such as vibrational spectroscopy-based techniques are here proposed as fast, non-destructive methods for the distinction of four ginseng species and the identification of raw materials in commercial ginseng products. Certified ginseng reference material and commercial products were analysed using hyperspectral imaging (HSI), mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and (orthogonal) partial least squares discriminant analysis models (OPLS-DA) were developed using multivariate analysis software. UHPLC-MS was used to analyse methanol extracts of the reference raw materials and commercial products. The holistic analysis of ginseng raw materials revealed distinct chemical differences using HSI, MIR and NIR. For all methods, Eleutherococcus senticosus displayed the greatest variation from the three Panax species that displayed closer chemical similarity. Good discrimination models with high R²X and Q² cum vales were developed. These models predicted that the majority of products contained either /P. ginseng or P. quinquefolius. Vibrational spectroscopy and HSI techniques in tandem with multivariate data analysis tools provide useful alternative methods in the authentication of ginseng raw materials and commercial products in a fast, easy, cost-effective and non-destructive manner. Full article

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng), has been used as a powerful tonic herb with an impressive range of health benefits. This medicinal herb has been commonly used to treat bone metabolism diseases due to its traditional Korean medicine use to strengthen muscle and bone. This study was conducted to investigate prevention of bone loss by a standardized extract of dried E. senticosus stem bark in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. The OVX groups were divided into five groups treated with distilled water, 17β-estradiol (E2 10 μg/kg, once daily, i.p) and dried stem bark of E. senticosus extracts (DES 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, once daily, p.o) for eight weeks, respectively. After eight weeks of treatments, the femur bone mineral density of the 100 mg/kg DES-treated group was significantly higher than that of the OVX-control group (16.7%, p < 0.01) without affecting the body, organs, and uterus weights, and serum estradiol levels. Additionally, bone markers such as serum ALP, CTx, and OC levels were significantly decreased in the DES 100 mg/kg treated group. These results show that DES is able to prevent OVX-induced in bone loss without the influence of hormones such as estrogen. Full article