Search Results (50)

Suboptimal land conditions, characterized by limited nutrient availability and poor soil physical properties, restrict the growth and productivity of maize–soybean intercropping systems. Bioameliorants containing beneficial microorganisms, such as mycorrhizae, offer a sustainable strategy to enhance soil fertility and nutrient uptake efficiency. This study evaluated the effects of different bioameliorant compositions on nitrogen availability, plant growth, and yield in maize–soybean intercropping on suboptimal land. A randomized complete block design with four replicates tested five treatments: F0 (control, no bioameliorant), F1 (10% compost + 10% rice husk charcoal + 10% manure + 70% mycorrhizal biofertilizer), F2 (15% each of compost, manure, charcoal + 55% biofertilizer), F3 (20% each + 40% biofertilizer), and F4 (25% each component). Results showed that the balanced F4 bioameliorant markedly improved nitrogen availability, soil health, and yields in maize–soybean intercropping on sandy soils. These findings highlight its potential as a sustainable strategy to enhance productivity, reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers, and strengthen agroecosystem resilience on suboptimal land. The optimized F4 formulation therefore represents a practical approach to improving nutrient availability and plant performance in maize–soybean intercropping systems under marginal soil conditions. Full article

Agriculture accounts for 29% of the Gross Domestic Product of the Nusa Tenggara Islands (NTIs). However, recurring agricultural droughts pose a major threat to the sustainability of agriculture in this region. The interplay between precipitation, solar radiation, and surface temperature as meteorological factors plays a key role in affecting vegetation (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) and agricultural drought (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) in the NTIs. Based on the analyses of interplay with temporal lag, this study investigates the effect of each factor on agricultural drought and attempts to provide early warnings regarding drought in the NTIs. We collected surface information data from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Meanwhile, rainfall was estimated from Himawari-8 based on the INSAT Multi-Spectral Rainfall Algorithm (IMSRA). The results showed reliable performance for 8-day and monthly scales against gauges. The drought analysis results reveal that the NTIs suffer from mild-to-moderate droughts, where cropland is the most vulnerable, causing shifts in the rice cropping season. The driving factors could also explain >60% of the vegetation and surface-dryness conditions. Furthermore, our monthly and 8-day TVDI estimation models could capture spatial drought patterns consistent with MODIS, with coefficient of determination (R²) values of more than 0.64. The low error rates and the ability to capture the spatial distribution of droughts, especially in open-land vegetation, highlight the potential of these models to provide an estimation of agricultural drought. Full article

The 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) earthquake caused widespread destruction, significantly affecting both infrastructure and the socio-cultural fabric of local communities. While rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts primarily focus on restoring physical assets, the social and cultural dimensions critical to fostering community resilience are often overlooked. This research explores the concept of Cultural Resilience in promoting post-disaster recovery, with a particular focus on the Sasak Tribe in Lombok. By examining how cultural values, practices, and social networks contribute to adaptive capacity, the study seeks to integrate cultural resilience into disaster recovery strategies. The research employs a mixed-method approach, involving the identification of key characteristics of cultural resilience, mapping the levels of resilience within the community, and analyzing the social networks of cultural actors involved in post-disaster recovery. Through this, a “Build-Back Better” scenario is developed, which aligns rehabilitation plans with local cultural values. The findings are expected to enhance culture-based resilience and offer policy implications for more holistic disaster recovery interventions that strengthen both physical and cultural aspects of community resilience.) Full article

The Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) forms part of the global ocean conveyor belt and thermohaline circulation that has a significant influence in controlling the global climate. This region of the ocean has very few observations using surface drifters, and this study presents, for the first time, paths of satellite tracked drifters released in the Timor Sea (123.3° E, 13.8° S). The drifter data were used to identify the ocean dynamics, forcing mechanisms and connectivity in the SETIO region. The data set has high temporal (~5 min) and spatial (~120 m) resolution and were collected over an 8-month period between 17 September 2020 and 25 May 2021. At the end of 250 days, drifters covered a region separated by ~8000 km (83–137° E, 4–21° S) and transited through several forcing mechanisms including semidiurnal and diurnal tides, submesoscale and mesoscale eddies, channel and headland flows, and inertial currents generated by tropical storms. Initially, all the drifters moved as a single cluster, and at 120° E longitude they entered a region of high eddy kinetic energy defined here as the ‘SETIO Mixing Zone’ (SMZ), and their movement was highly variable. All the drifters remained within the SMZ for periods between 3 and 5 months. Exiting the SMZ, drifters followed the major ocean currents in the system (either South Java or South Equatorial Current). Two of the drifters moved north through Lombok and Sape Straits and travelled to the east as far as Aru Islands. The results of this study have many implications for connectivity and transport of buoyant materials (e.g., plastics), as numerical models do not have the ability to resolve many of the fine-scale physical processes that contribute to surface transport and mixing in the ocean. Full article

Ethnic Sasak Sunni Muslims make up the overwhelming majority on the Indonesian island of Lombok. Balinese Hindus, who have cultural similarities with the Muslim Sasaks, make up 3%. They have a long history on the island. In 1960, a small group of Ahmadi Muslims settled in Lombok. The article explains how the Sunni majority has related to the two minority groups—seen in the light of the Indonesian national motto “Unity in diversity”. Sunnis act differently in these matters. The cordial relationship between many Sunnis and Balinese Hindus, exemplified by the common joint rituals, is contrasted with the Sunnis’ rejection of the members of the Ahmadiyya movement. The object of analysis is how to understand and explain the varying kinds of relationships among the relevant groups. The analysis is methodologically based on historical, cultural, psychological, and sociological perspectives and theories. Why do Sasak Sunnis in Lombok have more negative feelings toward the Ahmadis compared to the Hindus, even though the dogmatic differences are greater regarding the Hindus? The article also discusses possible ways of mitigating the conflicts. Full article

Roundabouts are widely used in road transport to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion by enabling continuous movement in a circular pattern, minimizing stops, enhancing safety, and reducing delays compared to that of signaled intersections. However, roundabouts are rarely used in marine traffic. This study investigates the feasibility of redesigning existing rectangular precautionary areas within traffic separation schemes (TSSs) into circular roundabouts using marine traffic data incorporating both the number of ships passing and crossing, as well as microscopic movement data to further analyze the follow-up times and gaps based on ship domains. This study further assesses the overall performance of the proposed design, drawing on notable formulas and best practices in road transport. The Lombok Strait TSS, in Indonesia, is used as the study area, which is a particularly sensitive sea area and one of the critical “chokepoints” in the maritime supply chain. The results indicate that replacing rectangular areas with circular roundabouts in a TSS can significantly improve traffic management and navigation safety. This study offers a practical approach for redesigning rectangular precautionary areas into circular roundabouts and provides valuable insights for maritime authorities and policymakers aiming to develop more efficient TSS designs in the future. Full article

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the Sasak community and its integration into the leadership practices of elementary school principals. Employing a qualitative multi-case study approach, the research investigated how 3T influenced the leadership styles and effectiveness of principals in five selected elementary model schools. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and societal outcomes. The research underscores the importance of local cultural values in shaping effective leadership and promoting sustainable educational development. The study contributes to the literature on educational leadership by presenting a new model of leadership that integrates local cultural wisdom. This model can serve as a valuable reference for other regions in Indonesia and similar cultural contexts. The implications suggest that educational leadership development programs should incorporate local cultural values to address contextual challenges and improve the quality of education holistically. Full article

One of the main challenges of Lombok Island, Indonesia, is the significant disparity between peak load and base load, reaching 100 MW during peak hours, which is substantial considering the island’s specific energy dynamics. Battery energy storage systems provide power during peak times, alleviating grid stress and reducing the necessity for grid upgrades. By 2030, one of the proposed capacity development scenarios on the island involves deploying large-scale lithium-ion batteries to better manage the integration of solar generation. This paper focuses on the life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of a lithium iron phosphate large-scale battery energy storage system in Lombok to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of this battery development scenario. This analysis considers a cradle-to-grave model and defines 10 environmental and 4 economic midpoint indicators to assess the impact of battery energy storage system integration with Lombok’s grid across manufacturing, operation, and recycling processes. From a life cycle assessment perspective, the operation subsystem contributes most significantly to global warming, while battery manufacturing is responsible for acidification, photochemical ozone formation, human toxicity, and impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Recycling processes notably affect freshwater due to their release of 4.69 × 10⁻⁴ kg of lithium. The life cycle costing results indicate that over 85% of total costs are associated with annualized capital costs at a 5% discount rate. The levelized cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries for Lombok is approximately 0.0066, demonstrating that lithium-ion batteries are an economically viable option for Lombok’s 2030 capacity development scenario. A sensitivity analysis of input data and electricity price fluctuations confirms the reliability of our results within a 20% margin of error. Moreover, increasing electricity prices for battery energy storage systems in Lombok can reduce the payback period to 3.5 years. Full article

Tourism on Gili Air, a small coral island in Indonesia, has increased significantly. Groundwater is the primary water source on the island. This study aims to estimate the sustainability of groundwater use on this small coral island. It conducts an initial assessment of the freshwater lens system using cost-effective methods to evaluate the available freshwater volume and sustainability of water withdrawals related to tourism. The results and methods can be transferred to other low-lying islands. The results show that Gili Air has a well-developed freshwater lens, estimated to contain 2 million cubic meters of water, with an annual recharge rate four times higher than the water demand of the island’s inhabitants. However, our findings suggest that the rapid increase in tourism resulted in unsustainable water withdrawals between 2016 and 2019. Without proper groundwater monitoring and management, this could lead to seawater intrusion into the aquifer. Full article

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the operation management of a multi-node community microgrid (MG), emphasizing power flow constraints and the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and battery systems. This study formulates MG operation management as a multi-objective optimal power flow problem, aiming to minimize costs (maximize profits) and emissions simultaneously. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) method is employed to tackle this complex optimization challenge, yielding a Pareto optimal front that represents the trade-offs between these conflicting objectives. In addition to the normative operation scenarios, this research investigates the robustness of the MG system in the face of abnormal situations. These abnormal scenarios include damage to the PV system, sudden increases in the MG load, and the loss of connection to the main electricity grid. This study focuses on Lombok Island, Indonesia as a practical case study, acknowledging the ongoing efforts to implement the community MG concept in this region. It is observed that when the access to the electricity grid is limited, the energy not served (ENS) increases to 2.88 MWh. During the fault scenario in which there is a 20% increase in the hourly load of each MG, a total of 4.5 MWh ENS is obtained. It is concluded that a resilient operation management system is required to ensure a consistent and reliable energy supply in community MGs in the face of disruptions. Full article

In recent years, community microgrids have expanded their power systems with many aims. One of the most important goals of microgrids is to increase resiliency. The main objective of this paper is to develop effective planning tools for community microgrids within electrical distribution networks, with a specific focus on ensuring the provision of critical loads during natural disasters. Additionally, this paper emphasized emphasises long-term planning considerations by using DIgSILENT 15.2 tools. The primary goal of this issue is to create the best planning tools for community microgrids in order to increase the network’s resilience to natural disasters, with a focus on important loads like hospitals and hotels. Also, the second goal is an optimization that seeks to reduce overall expenses. Finally, we’ll talk about how to get two results: one is to choose a few microgrid-based loads to link to the electrical distribution network, and the other is to show that each microgrid has the power needed to support both its local loads and the system’s vital loads in the event of a natural disaster. In this paper, the use of community microgrids for energy access against natural disasters in Indonesia is investigated by considering the case study of microgrids on Lombok Island. The study results, using the proposed framework, show that the presence of a microgrid structure in the distribution network expansion planning helps to improve operating conditions and supply critical loads in natural disasters. Full article

Implementing sustainable tourism development is an essential part of the strategy to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and inclusive, sustainable economic growth. This research aimed to examine the level of readiness of the community to carry out sustainable tourism development, especially community-based tourism on small islands, such as Lombok Island, Indonesia. More specifically, the objectives of this study were as follows: first, knowing the level of community readiness in carrying out sustainable tourism development; second, knowing the various dimensions that influence sustainable tourism development; third, understanding the role of stakeholders in sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, the role of the education sector in increasing community readiness for sustainable tourism development is an exciting matter to study. The method applied in this research used mixed techniques, a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative methods were used to determine the level of community readiness in sustainable tourism development. A qualitative approach was used to determine the various factors that influence the development of community-based tourism and to determine the role of stakeholders in the development of community-based tourism. Community readiness for sustainable tourism development is high in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental, and symbolic capital aspects. Economic, social, cultural, and natural elements influence sustainable tourism development. Stakeholders who play a role in developing sustainable tourism in the research area are the government, the private sector, universities, non-governmental organizations, and the media. The results of this study can be used to create a government policy related to sustainable tourism development. Full article

A substantial number of studies have been completed with respect to the use of English and social solidarity in broader contexts of cross-cultural communications including tourist–host interactions in tourism settings, but little, if any, is understood about the use of English and solidarity in hectic and tightly scheduled international airport settings. This study fills the gap by explicating how English is used by Tourist Information Center (TIC) staffs and incoming tourists at Lombok International Airport (LIA), Lombok, Indonesia, to contextually symbolize solidarity among them. Data were collected in more than a year of intensive participant and non-participant ethnographic observations of real-time interactions at the TIC in the LIA. Recordings, introspective, retrospective, and prospective interviews with the staff and the tourist respondents, as well as note takings of the contexts and the situations of communicative events, were the main means of data collection, and these data were analyzed using integration of sociological analyses of solidarity and ethnographic analyses of communicative interactions. The study elucidates ideological views on the service and explicates how speech accommodation, style convergence, code switching, and kinship terms have been employed as strategies for creating symbolic solidarity. Full article

The present study assessed the effects of human pressure on the surface water quality of the Ogbor Hill River, southern Nigeria. This river is among one of the important rivers in Southeast Nigeria for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. To assess the water quality, samples of water were collected monthly for eight months, and were preserved and transferred to the laboratory for further analysis. Electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity and temperature were determined in situ. Other parameters were determined in the laboratory using standard laboratory methods. The results revealed that the mean pH was acidic across the months with no significance difference (p > 0.05). Additionally, the mean total dissolved solids showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), with a higher value of 582.10 ± 83.41 in April and a lower value of 243.67 ± 40.62 in May. The highest mean conductivity of 1392.33 ± 156.18 was observed in April, and the lowest mean of 289.33 ± 97.37 in May. Dissolved oxygen indicated there was a significant difference among the study months (p < 0.05), with the highest mean concentration of 4.80 ± 0.37 in June and the least of 3.30 ± 0.20 in April. Biochemical oxygen demand, chloride and temperature all showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) across the sampling months. The mean concentration of Zn showed no significant difference among the study months. The mean concentration of Fe recorded showed the highest value of 2.68 ± 0.16 in April and the lowest mean of 1.96 ± 0.13 in July. Pb showed a higher concentration of 0.44 ± 0.33 in March and a lower mean of 0.033 ± 0.008 in July. A higher mean Cd of 0.052 ± 0.004 was observed in March and a lower mean of 0.023 ± 0.002 in December. Generally, the water parameters were elevated beyond the threshold for surface water, which was an indication that the river water was badly impacted due to human pressure and needed to be kept safe for human use. The present study revealed that most of the water quality parameters such as TDS, DO, BOD, pH, turbidity, and concentrations of the heavy metals Pb and Cd were higher in selected months, and further water management should be carried out while anthropogenic activities should be reduced around the river ecosystem. Full article

The level of garlic consumption in Indonesia increases as the population grows. This is because most of the ingredients of Indonesian food recipes contain garlic. However, local garlic production is not sufficient to fulfil the demand. Therefore, the Indonesian government imported garlic from other countries to fulfil the demand. To reduce the import capacity of garlic, the government made a regulation to increase the potential area for garlic cultivation in several priority locations in Indonesia, one of which is Sembalun District, East Lombok. To support government regulation, this study presents an application of machine learning and a statistic approach for the garlic field mapping method in Sembalun, Indonesia. This study comprises several steps including the Sentinel-1A images data acquisition, image preprocessing, machine learning and statistic model training, and model evaluation. k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) methods are selected in this study. The performance of k-NN and MLC are compared to other garlic field classification results developed in previous studies using pixel-based and image-based classifications. The comparison results show that the k-NN classification is slightly better than the SVM classification and also that it outperformed the MLC method. In addition, MLC works faster than k-NN in learning the dataset and testing the models. The classification results can be used to estimate garlic production in the study area. The study concludes that the proposed methods are better than other classification models and the statistic approach. The future study will improve dataset quality to increase the model’s accuracy. Full article